Information For Pregnant Women Research Articles

Prevalence and Predictors of Cesarean Delivery in a Tertiary Hospital in Taraba State, Nigeria

A cesarean section (CS) is a surgical technique in which a baby is delivered through an abdomen and uterine incision following fetal viability. It is imperative to identify the factors that influence the use of CS to reduce the needless use of this life-saving procedure and increase its availability for those who need it most. Therefore, this study assesses the prevalence and predictors of cesarean delivery in a tertiary hospital in Taraba state, Nigeria. Information of pregnant women who came for delivery to Federal Medical Center, Jalingo, Taraba state Nigeria from August 2021 to August 2023 was collected. Binary Logistic Regression using the probit model was used to analyse the data. p<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. During the study period, there were 747 deliveries 115 by caesarean section (15.4%). The results show that maternal age, location, occupation, maternal education, maternal weight, birth weight, and number of antenatal care (ANC) visits significantly predict cesarean delivery. The results of this research will help to make policies and decisions related to health issues and intensify efforts to make provisions and precautionary steps on managing and controlling cesarean birth.

Hubungan Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil dengan Sikap dalam Melaksanakan Program 1000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Monta

The first thousand days of life is a period of growth and development that starts from the formation of the fetus in the womb until the child is two years old. This period is called the golden period or also known as a critical time, which if not utilized properly, permanent damage (window of opportunity) will occur. This research aims to determine the relationship between pregnant women's knowledge and attitudes in implementing the First 1000 days of life program in the Monta health center working area. This type of research is an analytic observation research method with a cross sectional approach. This research was carried out in some of the working areas of the Monta Community Health Center, namely in the villages of Simpasai, Sie and Pela villages. The research was conducted in June 2023. The population in this study were all pregnant women in the working area of the Monta Health Center. The sampling technique uses simple random sampling of 50 respondents. The data analysis carried out was univariate analysis and bivariate analysis. The test used was the chi square statistical test with another alternative test, namely the Fisher Excat test with a significance level of p=0.02, HA was accepted because it was proven that there was a relationship between knowledge of pregnant women and attitudes with p<0.05. It was concluded that there was a relationship between knowledge of pregnant women and attitudes in implementing the 1000 HPK program in the PKM Monta work area. Based on the results of this research, it is best for health workers, especially midwives, to collaborate with health agencies that hold outreach activities in order to increase the knowledge and information of pregnant women about the first 1000 days of life so that they can motivate the attitudes of pregnant women about the first 1000 days of life.

Pengetahuan Masyarakat Tentang Tanda Bahaya Kehamilan Dengan Memberdayakan Masyarakat Dalam Mendeteksi Secara Dini di Kelurahan Ladang Bambu Kecamatan Medan Tuntungan

Maternal mortality can occur during pregnancy, childbirth or postpartum. Maternal deaths in Indonesia are caused by 3 late and 4 too. One of the late factors is the delay at the family level in recognizing danger signs in pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum. Early detection of risk factors is necessary to reduce maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. This is where the role of health workers in early detection of danger signs. This study aims to improve the ability of health cadres in early detection and referral of high-risk pregnancy, labor and postpartum cases. The research method used analytic research. Early detection of pregnancy danger signs by families and recognizing risk factors and complications, as well as appropriate treatment by health workers is the best way to reduce MMR and IMR. The targets of this activity were health cadres and pregnant women, 35 respondents were obtained in Kelurahan Baru Ladang Bambu, Medan Tuntungan Subdistrict. The interventions carried out in this activity were counseling, discussion, and simulation. The measuring instrument used pretest and posttest questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon test analysis. The results of the activity are an increase in the knowledge of cadres and pregnant women about the detection of danger signs of pregnancy, antenatal services provided can obtain data on the condition of their pregnancy and become information for pregnant women until now is still high.

Knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women about Coronavirus vaccines in Turkiye

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine pregnant women’s knowledge and attitudes regarding coronavirus vaccines in Turkiye. The research population consisted of 400 pregnant women who applied to a public hospital in this city. The data of the study was collected with the ‘Personal Information Form’ and ‘Attitudes Towards COVID-19 Vaccine Scale’. Only 2% of the pregnant women stated that they wanted to receive coronavirus vaccines in their current pregnancy and 9.5% wanted it during the postpartum period. It has been concluded that the vast majority of pregnant women have insufficient knowledge and negative thoughts about coronavirus vaccines and the place where they live and their thoughts on the safety of coronavirus vaccines affect their positive attitudes about coronavirus vaccines. IMPACT STATEMENT What is already known on this subject? Many epidemics in history have been controlled or eliminated with vaccines. However, there is still insufficient evidence about the effects of coronavirus infection and vaccines on pregnant women. What do the results of this study add? As a result, it was found that the vast majority of pregnant women had insufficient knowledge and negative thoughts about coronavirus vaccines and very few of them wanted to receive the coronavirus vaccine during pregnancy and the postpartum period. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? In the light of these findings, it is recommended that increase the vaccination rates in pregnant women by turning existing negative attitudes towards coronavirus vaccines in pregnant women into positive ones, providing accurate and effective information by health professionals and the media to eliminate negative attitudes caused by lack of information in pregnant women, conducting more studies on obstacles to increasing vaccine acceptance during pregnancy, and conducting studies on the subject with wider audiences and regions.

Experiences of dietary advice and nutrition-related information: a qualitative analysis of primigravid women in England during the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundThere is limited research in England on the impact and experiences of dietary advice and nutrition-related information for pregnant women. However, overseas research has shown that such information can cause women to feel anxious and confused. This study aimed to analyse the impact and experience amongst primigravids in England.MethodologyThis was a qualitative study. Twelve semi-structured individual interviews were carried out (videoconference and telephone). Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Inductive thematic analysis was used for data analysis. Data quality measures were adhered to throughout the research process.ResultsFive major themes were identified: ‘physiological changes and taste preferences’, ‘the health and safety of the baby comes first’, ‘scarcity of nutrition information given’, ‘seeking nutrition information for control’ and ‘every pregnant woman is unique’. Participants put the health and safety of their baby first, and this was amplified due to the COVID-19 pandemic. There was a lack of information given to participants from health care professionals. Information was broadly sought out as a way of exerting control; either to feel informed, or to restrict contact with new information in order to avoid feeling overwhelmed. In both cases, participants expressed that information was abundant. Official dietary guidelines were seen as trustworthy but too generic and not applicable to them. Some participants used multiple pregnancy apps with inaccurate information.ConclusionsAs nutrition in pregnancy is important for the woman and the growing foetus, midwives are in a critical position to advise primigravids in England. Further research is needed to understand their barriers for doing so. More is needed from the National Health Service to signpost women to using evidenced-based pregnancy apps and to enable a healthy nutrition environment post-pregnancy.

Information need and resource utilization of pregnant women in University of Calabar

The primary goal of this study was to look into the relationship between pregnant women's information needs and resource utilization at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital in Calabar, Nigeria. To achieve the study's goal, four null hypotheses were developed to guide the investigation. A literature review was conducted based on the variables under investigation. The study used a survey research design. For the study, two hundred (200) respondents were chosen as samples. The purposive and accidental sampling techniques were used to make the selection. The instrument used for data collection was the “Information Need and Pregnant Women Resource Utilization Questionnaire (INPWRUQ).” The instrument's reliability was estimated using the test-retest reliability method. The statistical analysis techniques used to test the hypotheses under study were Product Moment Correlation Analysis. To a relative degree of freedom, the hypotheses were tested at the 0.05 level of significance. The analysis revealed that pregnant women's resource utilization is significantly related to their need for health information, nutrition information, delivery information, and breastfeeding information. Based on the findings, it was suggested, among other things, that the government provides libraries and free medical care to encourage women to seek health information.

Overview of the Study of Philosophy in Overcoming Anxiety in Pregnant Women at the Time of Delivery at the RSUD dr. Chasan Boesoerie Ternate City

Anxiety is a normal condition that may be felt by every pregnant woman if there is a soul that experiences pressure or feelings of anxiety that are so deep that it can cause psychiatric problems. Anxiety often develops in the long term and largely depends on one's entire life experience. Methods: This study is an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional study to describe the anxiety of pregnant women and to assess several features of philosophical studies in dealing with pregnant women. at the time of delivery. The population in this study were all pregnant women who were recorded in the register book and the MCH visit book for pregnant women at the RSUD Dr. Chasan Basoeri during 2020. The sampling technique was carried out using the total sample method. The research was conducted from November to December 2020. The results obtained in the variables: Age of pregnant women was 71.2%, education level was 59.3%, mother's knowledge was 67.8%, feeling of undergoing labor was 63.4 %, information from health workers was 67.8%, husband's support was 54.2% and mother's anxiety level was 67.8%. Conclusion: it is necessary from the Hospital dr. Chasan Boesoerie always provides information and counseling about pregnant women, and always provides information to husbands about health information for pregnant women and can visit or check pregnancy in K4, so as to avoid the level of anxiety of pregnant women during childbirth, especially in hospitals and health centers in Ternate City.

Prevalence of antenatal depression and associated factors among pregnant women during COVID-19 pandemic in North Shewa zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia

BackgroundAntenatal depression is a form of depression that occurs during pregnancy. This problem may worsen during the COVID-19 epidemic and may result in serious consequences for pregnant women, including depression and other multiple psychosocial problems. However, the prevalence of depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in pregnant women and its associated factors has not been studied in the study area, even in Ethiopia. MethodsAn institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 pregnant women who were attending antenatal care in public health institutions in the North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia. The data were collected from May 1- June 30, 2021. A logistic regression model with adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and P-value < 0.05 at the 95% confidence interval was used to determine significantly associated factors. ResultsThe prevalence of antenatal depression among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic was 34.1% (95% CI: 29.6–38.9). Divorced marital status (AOR = 7.52, CI: 2.707–20.911), husband’s educational status “cannot read and write” (AOR = 4.05, CI: 1.834–8.962) and “can read and write without formal education” (AOR = 2.39, CI: 1.107–5.154) are statistically significant variables associated with depression among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. ConclusionsIn this study, the prevalence of antenatal depression in pregnant women during the novel coronavirus pandemic was high. To reduce the level of depression in pregnant women, strategies have to be designed for the early detection of divorced pregnant women with inadequate social support and address enough information for pregnant women and their husbands about depression and COVID-19 during the pandemic.

Pattern of internet use for pregnancy-related information and its predictors among women visiting primary healthcare in Qatar: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundInternet usage has been steadily increasing and the available online information for pregnant women today is immense.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the prevalence of women who search for information relating to pregnancy on the internet and to identify predictors of this behavior among expecting women visiting primary health care (PHC) centers in Qatar.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at the antenatal clinics of six PHC centers in Qatar from June 1 to December 31, 2019. Pregnant women were recruited through a systematic random sampling technique. Participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive and analytic statistics were used when appropriate. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was constructed to identify the predictors of internet use for pregnancy-related information.ResultsThe study included 403 pregnant women (response rate: 87.9%). Most of them were in the 26–35 years age category (71.5%), in the second trimester (55.5%), and had 1–2 children at home (51.5%). The internet was the most common source (81.1%) of pregnancy-related information. The access to online information was mainly through websites (67.3%), mobile applications (48.3%), and social media platforms (39.7%). The most frequently searched topics online were fetal development (74.3%), diet during pregnancy (53.6%), and management of health problems (39.6%). The multivariable regression model identified the age group 26–35 years (AOR: 4.93; 95% CI: 2.14, 11.38), Arabs (AOR: 4.12; 95% CI: 2.03, 8.36), tertiary education (AOR: 5.22; 95% CI: 1.78, 15.33), being a housewife (AOR: 6.37; 95% CI: 1.44, 28.19), or employed (AOR: 5.56 95% CI: 1.31, 23.63), and having up to 2 children as independent predictors of internet use for pregnancy-related information.ConclusionThe internet was a commonly used source of health information among pregnant women in Qatar. Internet use was significantly associated with the age group of 26–35 years, Arabs, higher level of education, being employed or a housewife, and having up to two children.

The Role of Information in Dental Traumatology in Patients during Developmental Age: A Cognitive Investigation.

Objectives The gestation period involves a series of changes in all maternal organs and systems, due to hormonal fluctuations that also affect the oral cavity, leading to possible development of diseases such as gingivitis, oral pregnancy tumor, or periodontitis. Over the years, the positive correlation between poor oral health and adverse outcomes in pregnancy, such as fetal changes, low birth weight, preterm birth, or preeclampsia, has also been highlighted. The aim of this study is to analyze and understand the levels of knowledge and information of pregnant women about the possible repercussions that they may have on the oral cavity, caused by hormonal alterations. Materials and Methods A questionnaire of 17 multiple choice questions was formulated and published online from 01/02/2020 to 31/08/2020, aimed at pregnant women and new mothers. The Google Forms platform was used to collect the data that were then statistically analyzed by creating crosstabs with multiple dependency variables. Results The study cohort was represented by 1,191 women, whose responses first showed that about half were unaware of the predisposition to develop infections and periodontal problems during the gestation period. The same noticed bleeding and gum swelling during brushing and despite this, only 21% visited their dentist to resolve the situation. Furthermore, 88.2% of all women did not know that problems in the oral cavity can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Conclusion Primary prevention is essential and must be implemented with the collaboration of the various professional figures who follow the woman during gestation.

Experts' views on the implementation of the prenatal screening decision aid in Iran: A qualitative study

Background &amp; Aim: Patient decision aids are detailed and personalized health education materials that assist patients in decision making. According to expert viewpoints, this study aimed to determine important factors in implementing the prenatal screening decision aid in Iran. Methods &amp; Materials: In this qualitative study, 24 experts, including seven obstetricians, four information scientists, five managers or policymakers, and eight midwives, were selected using purposive and snowball sampling approaches. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect the data between January 2020 and June 2020 in Tehran, Iran. A prenatal screening decision aid was presented to the participants, and we asked them to raise their concerns and thoughts regarding the factors influencing the implementation of patient decision aids. We used MAXQDA 10 and applied conventional content analysis for data analysis. Results: Two organizational and personal factors themes were identified to implement Iran's prenatal screening decision aids. Conclusion: We identified the viewpoints of experts regarding major factors in patient decision aids implementation for prenatal screening. Before implementing prenatal screening decision aids in Iran, it would be helpful to consider these organizational and personal factors. Prenatal screening decision aids can provide better information for pregnant women and strengthen their decision-making ability.

Clinical Pharmacology in Women's Health: Current Status and Opportunities.

Clinical Pharmacology in Women's Health: Current Status and Opportunities.

Gebelerin Mevsimsel İnfluenza Aşısı ile İlgili Bilgi, Tutum ve Davranışları

Amaç: Gebelikte influenza enfeksiyonu, daha yüksek morbidite/mortalite ve de maternal, fetal ve neonatal risklerde artışla seyretmektedir. İnfluenzayı önlemede en etkili strateji aşılamadır. Bu çalışmada bir grup gebenin mevsimsel influenza aşısı ile ilgili bilgi, tutum ve davranışlarını değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmamız bir kesitsel anket çalışması olarak, Ocak 2019—Temmuz 2019 döneminde kadın hastalıkları ve doğum polikliniğimize başvuran birinci, ikinci ve üçüncü trimesterdeki erişkin gebelerle gerçekleştirildi. Araştırmacılar tarafından ilgili literatür incelenerek, 17 sorudan oluşan bir anket hazırlandı ve ardından yüz yüze görüşme yoluyla uygulandı. Anketteki sorularla katılımcıların obstetrik, demografik ve sosyoekonomik özellikleri, gebelikte influenza aşısı olma öyküsü ve de gebelikte influenza aşısı ile ilgili bilgi, tutum ve davranışları sorgulandı. Bulgular: Çalışma toplam 227 gebe içerdi. İnfluenza aşısının gebelikte güvenli olduğunu düşünenler çoğunlukla üniversite mezunu katılımcılardı. Yalnızca 19 (%8,3) katılımcı gebeyken influenza aşısı yaptırdığını belirtti. Katılımcıların aşılanmama gerekçeleri sorgulandığında, başlıca (%71,7) gerekçe “aşının bebeğe yan etki oluşturması endişesi” iken bunu “aşının gereksiz ve gebelerde yeterince denenmemiş olması” (%8,3) izledi. Gebelikte influenza aşısı yaptıran katılımcılar aşı yaptırmaları gerektiğini çoğunlukla (%80) aile hekiminden öğrenmişti. Tartışma ve Sonuç: Çalışmamızda katılımcılarımızın genel olarak influenza aşısı hakkında yeterince bilgi sahibi olmadığı ve sağlık çalışanlarının, özellikle de hekimlerin aşıyı yeterince önermediği görülmüştür. Aile hekimleri ile kadın hastalıkları ve doğum uzmanlarının rutin takiplerde influenza aşısını önermeleri, yüksek risk gruplarından olan gebe kadınların bilgilendirilmesinde büyük önem taşımaktadır.

Vaznost interneta u informiranju o zdravlju kod trudnica

The Internet has become a commonly used medium through which persons obtain information on health. Women use the Internet more often to obtain health-related information, and their tendency towards searching the Internet for information increases during pregnancy, which is a very important period in their lives. This review article presents findings on the phenomenon of searching the Internet for health-related information in pregnant women. It includes a detailed description of facilitating and inhibiting factors due to which pregnant women engage in Internet searches on health, as well as processes within the healthcare system that lead to such searches. We describe the most commonly used internet sources for health-related information and the most common search topics in pregnant women. Various aspects of the reliability of the information intended for pregnant women that can be found on the Internet are described, as well as factors that they take into account when evaluating the accuracy and the relevance of the information. We also present a concise overview of the demographic, obstetric, and psychological characteristics of pregnant women due to which they are more prone to web searches on information related to health. The psychological characteristics described herein comprise health literacy, self-efficacy, health-related locus of control, health-related anxiety, and pregnancy-specific anxiety. We explain the effects and consequences of Internet searches on the functioning and wellbeing of pregnant women, with an emphasis on compulsive web searches and intensification of anxiety after searching. Finally, we describe the importance of research in this area given the numerous practical applications.

Panduan Kesehatan Bagi Ibu Hamil Dan Anak Berbasis Android Mobile

Background : Health as a basic need for everyone is a determining factor in the quality of Human Resources. But sometimes health is often forgotten due to various factors, and most often it is because of one's own busy schedule. During this time mothers get information about pregnancy and children from Integrated Healthcare Center or at the Public health center and from midwives or doctors in their immediate surroundings. The weakness of the health service facility is the time of its implementation which cannot be done at any time. While the obstacle to get information from midwives, doctors and health centers in their immediate surroundings is the busyness of the person and the distance that is sometimes difficult to get the information. Purpose : To fulfill the health information system for pregnant women and children faster, there are now many mobile applications that are able to meet the health information needs of pregnant women and children Method : Observation method and literature review. Results : The results of this study are the creation of an application, this Android-based mother and child application that is useful for obtaining information for pregnant women and children based on the parameters needed for each menu Conclusion : The conclusion of this research is an Android-based information system created to help monitor health for pregnant women and children in the womb. Keywords: Android, Experts , Health, Pregnancy

Path model analysis of influencing factors on depression in late pregnant women

Objective To survey the influencing factors for depression based on path model analysis in late pregnant women, and to explore the interrelationships for depression. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2018 to March 2019.Antenatal women who came for a routine check-up at the antenatal clinic were invited to participate in the study.Collecting general information of pregnant women(including biological, psychological, social and other factors). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to evaluate the incidence of depression during pregnancy.The differences between depression group and non-depression group were compared by SPSS 24.0, and the path analysis model was conducted by AMOS 21.0 to explore the influencing factors and interrelations of depression during pregnancy. Results A total of 1 059 pregnant women completed questionnaire.The incidence of depression depression in third trimester women was 11.1%(118/1 059). The path model fitting well with the sample data(GFI=0.912, AGFI=0.901, RFI=0.920, CFI=0.931, RMSEA=0.033). Anxiety, psychological preparation for the current pregnancy, and level of education had both direct and indirect effects on depression in third trimester women(the total effects of the three factors were 0.381, -0.140 and -0.156, respectively). Sleep quality and family member with whom the pregnant women living during pregnancy had only direct effects (the effects were 0.136 and 0.107, respectively). Residence, monthly income of family and social support had only an indirect influence on depression(the effects were 0.175, 0.103, and 0.102, respectively). Conclusion Path model analysis suggests that the residence, monthly income of family, family member with whom the pregnant women living during pregnancy and educational level are not easy to change. It is suggested the incidence of depression is reduced by intervening the pregnancy anxiety, social support, sleep quality and the psychological preparation for pregnancy. Key words: Late pregnancy; Depression; Influencing factors; Path model analysis

Use of complementary and alternative medicine in pregnant women: A cross-sectional survey in the south of Iran

ObjectiveThe use of traditional medicine and complementary alternative medicine (TM/CAM) derived from herbal remedies or natural supplements is increasing worldwide, but there are limited data on the use of TM/CAM during pregnancy. Iran has various ethnic populations, and the usage of TM/CAM by the different ethnic groups has not been researched. The aim of this study is to understand the use of TM/CAM modalities in pregnant women of different ethnic groups in southern Iran. MethodsThis study was conducted in primary health care centers in Khuzestan Province, Iran, from May to August, 2016. A semi-structured valid questionnaire was used to gather information in pregnant women (n = 170). ResultsAbout 46.5% of women in this study used TM/CAM during previous pregnancies. The majority (67%) of study participants were Arab. The Arab population showed increased use of TM/CAM during pregnancy (P = 0.014). Women with complications in former pregnancies had significantly higher incidence rate of TM/CAM use (65.8%) compared to the other group (39.6%) (P = 0.001). ConclusionUnderstanding TM/CAM use and the associated factors in different ethnic groups of pregnant women will benefit the evaluation of the proper health policies and mother-infant health programs. This study contributes to the growing literature on TM/CAM, ethnic diversity and pregnant women.

Reconsidering “Advanced Maternal Age”: communicating about pregnancy, disability risk and ageing

ABSTRACT In this paper, I consider the term “Advanced Maternal Age” (AMA), which appears in various avenues of information for pregnant women, including medical literature and more “common knowledge” avenues of communication, such as government websites and online forums. I explore the increasingly routine use of this phrase, and I problematize its usual definition, to mean “35 or older.” I argue that this definition—rather than being a neutral, medical fact—is socially constructed, and the number 35 is arbitrarily chosen, in a way that perpetuates stigma against older women and their bodies. The definition ignores many relevant factors for considering medical “risk” and contributes to discourses that continue to frame pregnancy as risky, requiring expert surveillance and intervention. I also argue that the widespread use of this phrase in medical literature as well as other sites of discourse perpetuates the ableist idea that children with disabilities are undesirable or less valuable.

MON-583 Functional Thyrotropin Receptor Antibodies in Pregnant Women with Thyroid Autoimmunity

Background and Objectives: Thyrotropin receptor autoantibodies (TSHR-Ab) can cross through the placenta to the fetus and can cause fetal or neonatal hyper- or hypothyroidism. Patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) can also have TSHR-Ab, but data on the prevalence in pregnant women remain scarce. Therefore, the aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and activity (stimulatory, blocking, or both) of TSHR-Ab in pregnant women with AITD. Methods: Serum TSHR stimulating (TSAb) and blocking (TBAb) Ab were measured with cell-based reporter bioassays. Chinese Hamster Ovary cells express a chimeric TSHR and a cAMP response element (CRE)-dependent luciferase. TSAb was reported as percentage of specimen-to-reference ratio (cut-off SRR% <140%). Blocking activity was defined as percent inhibition of luciferase expression relative to induction with bovine TSH alone (<34% inhibition). Thyroid-related- hormones and autoantibodies were also measured. Results: A total of fifty pregnant patients with AITD were included; 46 were anti-thyroid peroxidase- (TPO) Ab positive and four were anti-thyroglobulin- (Tg) Ab positive. Serum levels (median, 25% and 75% percentiles) of TPO-Ab and Tg-Ab were 101 (69-185 IU/L, normal cut-off <34 IU/L) and 362 (185-1108 IU/L, cut-off 115 IU/L), respectively. Of the fifty patients, 40 (80%), nine (18%), and one (2%), were euthyroid, subclinical hypothyroid, and hyperthyroid, respectively. Serum levels of TSH were 0.19 mU/L (0.19-0.19 mU/L, normal range 0.27-4.2 mU/L), 4.9 (4.4-7), and 1.8 (1.4-2.3) for hyperthyroid, subclinical hypothyroid and euthyroid patients, respectively. Five females (10%) had low fT4 levels 11.2 (9.9-11.7 pmol/L, normal range 12-22 pmol/L) and one female had a high T4 level of 23.90 pmol/L. One hypothyroid patient with a high TSH value of 7.98 mU/L was positively tested in the TSAb bioassay, mean SRR value 422% and negatively tested in the TBAb bioassay, mean percent inhibition -44%. One euthyroid female patient with a serum TSH level of 2.12 mU/L was positive in the TBAb bioassay, mean inhibition 39% and negative in the TSAb bioassay, mean SRR value 91%. The remaining 48 female patients (96%) were tested negative for both TSAb and TBAb in the cell-based bioassays. Conclusions: The measurement of TSAb and TBAb adds interesting information in pregnant women with AITD. The clinical relevance of the blocking and stimulating antibodies remains to be correlated with the pregnancy outcome data.

Nested case-control study on the relationship between risk factors of pregnancy and infantile eczema in Uygur and Han ethnic

Objective To investigate the prevalence of infantile eczema in Uygur and Han nationalities and the relationship between pregnancy factors and 0-6 months infant eczema, so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating preventive strategies. Methods From January-August 2016 in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region People's Hospital of obstetric and follow-up to fill out the questionnaire in 570 pregnant women and their babies as the research object to establish the baseline survey cohort, pregnancy related information to pregnant women, and 6 months (January, March, on maternal June) follow-up, observe the occurrence of infantile eczema a total of 502, successful follow-up to maternal and child. Using nested case-control study, the cohort occurred in 182 cases of infant eczema as case group, will be in the queue without eczema in 320 infants as control group, using multivariate logistic regression analysis of risk factors during pregnancy baby eczema. Results 0-6 months infant eczema incidence rate was 36.25%, the incidence of Uygur infant eczema (20.43%) was significantly lower than that of Han nationality infant eczema incidence (50.19%) (OR=0.45,95%CI:0.35-0.69) P<0.01). Social and economic factors affecting the occurrence of infantile eczema comparison results showed that the ethnic factors and infant eczema, and more prone to eczema than that of Uygur nationality; and Uygur compared mothers influence allergic history of Han infantile eczema more (χ2=7.09, P=0.008). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the mother has a history of atopy (OR=7.17,95%CI: 4.15-12.37), mother′s education level (OR=1.91,95%CI:1.51-2.74), the higher the monthly income (OR=2.68,95%CI:2.17-3.33), maternal smoking during pregnancy (secondhand smoke) (OR=2.42,95% CI:1.96-2.97), frequently eating spicy spicy foods during pregnancy (OR=1.94,95% CI: 1.41-2.68) will increase the risk of infant eczema Supplementation of probiotics (OR=0.13,95% CI:0.07-0.25) and vitamin D (OR=0.13,95% CI:0.06-0.26) during pregnancy is a protective factor in the development of infantile eczema. Conclusions Compared to Uygur, Han Chinese infants are more likely occur eczema, and family history of allergies, education, economic income, pregnancy dietand smoking are risk factors for infant eczema. The same risk factors among Uygur and Han ethnic, but it had a different results. Compared to Han, Uygur pregnant women eating spicy food caused the risk of infant eczema occurrence is higher, but the short period of housing renovation caused the risk of infant eczema occurrence is lower. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen nutrition andmonitor living environment during pregnancy. Avoiding to eat spicy food and supplying probiotics and vitamin D, it can prevent or reduce the occurrence of infantile eczema. Key words: Dermatitis, atopic; Fertile period; Risk factors; Nested case-control study