Information Management Techniques Research Articles

Report on the Fifth International Workshop on Health Data Management in the Era of AI (HeDAI 2023)

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have the potential to drastically improve healthcare delivery globally. However, healthcare data are diverse, complex, and very large in size. Better information management techniques are needed to deal with the volume and heterogeneity of healthcare data. Better AI techniques are needed to fully harness healthcare datasets to improve healthcare delivery and quality of care for patients. Our workshop aimed to bring together diverse group of researchers and practitioners interested in developing next-generation solutions for challenging problems in healthcare systems. A wide range of topics ranging from federated approaches for data sharing to machine learning for predictive analytics to medical question answering were discussed during the workshop.

The Application of Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM) to Cultural Heritage: A Review

Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM) is the application of BIM, a digital modelling and information management technique, to assets of historical significance, otherwise known as Cultural Heritage (CH). The adoption of BIM for CH is justified by government mandates and acknowledgement by leading heritage institutions that there is a need to utilise digital tools for heritage management. This paper establishes the current state of HBIM implementation within CH as well as research trends to date via a review of the existing literature. Geometric modelling was found to be the topic of very early research into HBIM, with particular focus given to improving the accuracy and efficiency of modelling. Thus, methods for improving modelling were evaluated. HBIM as an information management tool is discussed including the issues encountered, such as data storage and insufficient existing tools, as well as key information requirements proposed in the literature. An evaluation of key HBIM case studies found limited evidence of the created models being used in practice and an overall lack of consideration of the information needs. It was determined that the implementation of HBIM is limited by a lack of defined information requirements, and standardisation regarding the method of implementation.

Digital representation strategies to reveal the cultural significance of Canadian Post-war Architecture

Considering the growing attention on the architecture of the second half of the 20th century and the rising issue of its documentation and interpretation, an operative methodology is presented to support knowledge production activities and conservation. Post-war architectural lexicon materialized spatial narratives from the ’50s up to the present. These spatial narratives can be visualized through analogic or digital drawing to gain in-depth knowledge and support interpretation and analysis. The proposed documentation strategy emphasizes the opportunities for digital representation in revealing and interpreting the post-war architectural lexicon. The potential advantages of employing digital survey and representation techniques for information visualization and management are being discussed in relation to the Strutt House, designed by Canadian architect James W. Strutt between 1951 and 1957. The study encompassed a thorough examination of primary and secondary sources, a comprehensive survey, and the experimentation with various modeling approaches in the SCAN to BIM procedure, with the final aim of comprehending the significance, purpose, and cultural value of documented characteristics. The adopted approach exploits the opportunities of geometric 3D modeling to visualize complex structures and semantic enrichment in an HBIM environment to support the knowledge, interpretation, and preservation of this outstanding example of Canadian Post-war architecture.

Complications and consistency: investigating the asymmetric information management ‘AIM’ technique with follow-up statements

ABSTRACT The Asymmetric Information Management (AIM) technique encourages truth tellers to adopt a forthcoming verbal strategy and liars a withholding strategy. We investigated the effectiveness of this technique using a follow-up statement. We predicted that truth tellers in the AIM condition would provide more new and overall detail, with a higher proportion of complications, compared to control truth tellers, whereas AIM liars would use more self-handicapping strategies and common knowledge details, with fewer commissions, repetitions, and less overall detail than control liars. This was tested using a mixed-factors design in which truth tellers (n = 65) gave an honest recollection of a recent trip while liars fabricated a story (n = 62). Participants provided an initial statement and half received the AIM instructions prior to providing their second statement. Truth tellers in the AIM condition provided more new detail and complications in their second statement compared to truth telling controls. Unlike previous research, AIM instructions had no significant effect on liars’ statements. No other differences emerged. In conclusion, the AIM instructions elicit some new information from truth tellers but do not improve classification from liars.

Applying the asymmetric information management (AIM) technique to virtual interviewing

AbstractThe asymmetric information management (AIM) technique enhances verbal lie‐detection by encouraging truth tellers (but not liars) to be forthcoming with information. We examined the AIM technique's utility for correctly distinguishing genuine and fabricated statements reported during a virtual interview. Truth tellers (n = 85) honestly reported their recollection of a 30‐minute walk. Liars pretended to have engaged in a similar activity (n = 86). Participants were randomly assigned to either the AIM or Control condition and provided either a verbal or written statement. Truth tellers in the AIM condition reported more detailed statements (vs. the Control condition). Liars in the AIM condition reported less detailed statements (vs. the Control condition). More genuine and fabricated statements were correctly classified in the AIM condition (72% accuracy) compared to the Control condition (59% accuracy). No differences between disclosure type emerged. Results support the use of the AIM technique for facilitating verbal lie‐detection.

Towards Practical Auditing of Dynamic Data in Decentralized Storage

Decentralized storage (DS) projects such as Filecoin are gaining traction. Their openness mandates effective auditing mechanisms to assure users that their data remains intact. A blockchain is typically employed here as an unbiased public auditor. While the case for static data is relatively easy to handle, on-chain auditing of dynamic data with practical performance guarantees is still an open problem. Dynamic Proof-of-Storage (PoS) schemes developed for conventional cloud storage are not applicable to DS, since they require large storage proofs and/or large auditor states that are unmanageable by a resource-constrained blockchain. To fill the gap, we propose a family of dynamic on-chain auditing protocols that can produce concretely small auditor states while retaining the compact proofs promised by static PoS schemes. Our design revolves around a set of succinct data structures and optimization techniques for index information management. With proper instantiation and realistic parameters, our protocols can achieve 0.25MB on-chain state and 1.2KB storage proof for the auditing of 1TB data, outperforming previous dynamic PoS schemes that are adaptable for DS by orders of magnitude. As another practical contribution, we introduce a data abstraction layer that allows one to deploy the auditing protocols on arbitrary storage systems hosting dynamic data.

AI and Digital Twin Applications in 3D Information Models for Heritage Buildings: A Systematic Review

The recent emergence of technology as digital tools has provided architects with possibilities for 3D modelling and simulation of built environments. Currently, the "digital twin" and Building Information Management (BIM) techniques enable analytical tools like connection analysis and energy performance modelling in tandem with the ideation of realistic 3D illustrations. These methods are now seen emerging in managing and documenting heritage structures. A Heritage Building Information Management (HBIM) platform is a multi-disciplinary process and a valuable tool to automate, manage, and document heritage structures. However, making the final product in an HBIM platform involves several laborious steps of processing, segmenting, and integrating raw data from different sources, such as laser-scanned point data and image data. Hence, an expedited, streamlined platform is necessary to facilitate conservation architects and other agencies involved in documenting, maintaining and interpreting heritage buildings and structures. Newer technologies like Artificial Intelligence can enhance previously unavailable opportunities to automate specific tasks and uncover paradigms through predictable simulations. For this, the researchers reviewed the literature on two fronts: i)Investigating process flow and identifying the issues and challenges in gathering digital data of the existing building effectively. ii)Reviewing the literature to understand the models and tech solutions that revolutionized building heritage building information models for practical use. This study unravels workflow patterns and challenges based on these two sections of this literature review. Further, this research explores and analyses the trends and techniques employed in a typical heritage Building Information Management (HBIM) platform. The focus is on AI's capabilities as a digital tool in different stages of documentation and interpretation, performance measurement and simulation of heritage buildings, such as energy performance modeling, 4D (3D+Time) for projects planning, cost solutions, and simulating the historical significance to propagate the importance of HBIM. This study referred to the progress in the scientific literature on HBIM after the initial studies of C. Dore, and M. Murphy (2009).

Information Management in the Logistics and Distribution Sector Using Metaheuristic Techniques

Information systems (IS) influence logistic and distribution management on sourcing, planning, delivery, and levels ranging from strategic operations to organizational strategy. Information management is a challenging task in logistics and distribution across the business. The supply chain has been increasingly accepted as a significant aid to cut costs and boost services. This paper proposes meta-heuristic techniques (MHT) for effective information management in logistics and distribution, from manufacturers to customers, security, a significant focus on collaboration of operations, co-operation, communication, and knowledge exchange across the supply chain. Modern organizations need advanced decision support systems focused on operative statistical modeling and solution methods and information and communication technology developments to adapt to the integration challenge. It suggests that metaheuristics can play an essential role in addressing complex logistical challenges from logistic architecture and management within the supply chain.

Swedish and British security officialdom, a suspected spy, and information management in the era of the Second World War

ABSTRACT This article discusses Swedish and British security officialdom with a focus on information-management techniques in a pre-electronic information order. It examines the challenges security officials faced in investigating a Finnish sea captain suspected of espionage during the Second World War. Information about him emanated from three communication contexts – a police station, an interrogation centre, and an immigration office. The British security establishment was confronted with information asymmetries; although information about the case existed in the files, it was not available to officials working in different temporal and geographical settings. There were also marked differences between the bureaucratic cultures of Swedish and British security agencies regarding assessment and reporting of security information. The article shows that the captain worked for the German military intelligence and maintained contact with British officials in Stockholm, but was never imprisoned. On the basis of this case, four suspect interrogation survival strategies can be delineated: playing the victim, seeking favour by flattery, bold exaggeration and appeals to ideological congruence. To some extent, these survival strategies contradict the conventional wisdom in criminal-psychological research on the behaviour of guilty suspects. Rather than keeping stories simple, the sea captain inundated the interrogators with bizarre details to avoid detection.

Environmental disclosures in the non-financial reporting of energy companies. Creating a reliable business image or impression management?

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to determine whether and what impression management techniques are used by Polish listed energy-sector companies in their non-financial reporting to possibly create not a true but an embellished image of their oper-ations. Methodology/approach: The research entailed examining the non-financial annual reports published (in Polish) by eight large, listed companies. Both quantitative content analysis, to determine the scope of environmental disclosures, and qualitative content analysis, which focused on the visual and narrative style, were applied. The word count method was also applied concerning the positive (good) and negative (bad) wording used in the reports. Our linguistic analysis took into account both the semantic and inflexion aspects of Polish idiomatic expressions. Findings: We found that the companies exploited various manipulation techniques, both in the visualisation and the narrative used in their non-financial reports. Perfect graphics, blameless narrative style, or dynamic text organisation are among the top positive aspects. At the other end of the scale are aspects such as excessive wording, unnecessary repetitions of various keywords, or the intentional omission of adverse vocabulary. While both sets of techniques are more likely to be applied by bigger enti-ties, smaller companies do not seem to care as much for such details. Research implications/limitations: This research provides a valuable contribution to a better understanding of how companies employ modern narrative-oriented infor-mation management techniques relating to readers’ perceptions of non-financial state-ments. This may lead to enhancing formal requirements concerning the quality of non-financial disclosure in corporate reporting. The research was limited to only eight (all) energy companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange for the financial years 2017–2020. Thus, there is a need to investigate whether other listed companies use impres-sion management techniques in non-financial reporting. Originality/value: This article is the first publication to show how Polish large energy-sector joint-stock companies manage their environmental impression in non-financial reporting. The analysis extends the knowledge on creating a business operations image that is favourable to stakeholders by companies with a high environmental impact. This is of particular importance considering the non-financial reporting obligation that such entities have to meet as per Directive 2014/95/EU.

Research on Enterprise Value Chain Management Based on Competitive Strategy

With the rising cost of labor factors in China, several multinational companies that rely on labor-intensive industries have withdrawn their production lines from China, which has had a huge impact on the development of Chinese enterprises. Under the guidance of national policies, many enterprises have begun to climb to the high end of the value chain. This paper analyzes the main function of value chain management by studying the composition of industry value chain management from the perspective of competitive strategy. In view of the lack of enterprise value chain management, this paper discusses from three aspects: product, technology, and price. Product homogeneity has been found to greatly reduce the market competitiveness of products, which is not conducive to the value-added and sustainable development of enterprises. Based on this, corresponding strategies have been proposed, in which enterprises should maximize the advantages of value chain management through scientific and efficient information management techniques.

Applying the asymmetric information management technique to insurance claims

AbstractThis study investigates the Asymmetric Information Management (AIM) technique's ability to detect fraudulent insurance claims submitted online. The AIM instructions inform claimants that, inter alia, more detailed statements are easier to accurately classify as genuine or fabricated. To test this, truth tellers (n = 55) provided an honest statement about a lost or stolen item, while liars (n = 53) provided a false claim. All claimants were randomly assigned to either receive the control or AIM instructions. We found that truth tellers provided more information in the AIM condition (compared to the control condition), and discriminant analysis classificatory performance was improved slightly. Unfortunately, the AIM instructions had little effect on the amount of information liars provided. Thus, the AIM technique is useful for supporting truth tellers to be more detailed, but more work needs to be conducted to assess why liars in this study did not adapt a withholding strategy.

Classification of Crops and Crop Rotation Using Remote Sensing and GIS-Based Approach: A Case Study of Doddakawalande Hobli, Nanjangudu Taluk

Information about agricultural activities and spatial land use data is one of the key input parameter for the agricultural modelling. To access and manage crop information accurately, crop rotation and production risk reduction is additionally needed. Production risk can be reduced by adopting is related to multiple interaction between phenological information and crops management techniques. We address these issues by integrating remote sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System through three different methods (1). Differentiation of major crop types on an annual basis using village database, (2). Classification of RS data for a time periods (May to December), which are able to differentiate the certain stages of crops and (3). Combination of multispectral multi-temporal classification results in a sequential way for analysis strategy. Crop mapping for three different seasons were mapped for three consecutive years (2016–2018) by smoothing and integrating into a single vector layer for mapping of crop rotations. The use of phonological database in our classification method shows an improvement in a classification results. The obtained database shows information about the crop rotation which is extremely heterogeneous and contains large amount of crop sequences.

Information Policy as Communication Concept

The article is aimed at reviewing and comparing the key aspects of information policy, and describing it as a communication concept. The author extrapolates Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy`s model on the object field of information policy. The topicality of the research is determined by the necessity to study the emergence of a new informational society, mediatization of politics, the development of information policy and its institutionalization, information management techniques in the context of artificial intelligence development, as well as by the interdisciplinary character of the phenomenon. The author defines the terms information, social information and information policy, compares and analyses various approaches to interpreting them, shows differences in understanding purposes, functions and components of information policy, and gives the examples of a lateral and a unilateral approaches to defining information policy. The author also determines three concepts of information policy, namely, press relations service, marketing concept, and Rosenstock-Huessy`s dialogic concept. In this context, the author specifies four correction discourses relevant in information policy practices (Unity, Faith, Power, and Respect), and infers that Rosenstock-Huessy`s concept provides for forming strategic framework for implementing information policy, and journalism in this context is interpreted as a discourse technique of social construction. The key inference suggests that an information policy is aimed at constructing and structuring information landscape, production of meaning and images, and correcting the mass consciousness. Communication campaigns are vied as actions within an information policy.

Lie-detection by Strategy Manipulation: Developing an Asymmetric Information Management (AIM) Technique

Liars can, when prompted, provide detailed statements. Ideally, interview protocols to improve lie-detection should (a) encourage forthcoming verbal strategies from truth tellers and (b) encourage withholding verbal strategies from liars. Previous research has investigated (a) but not (b). We designed an asymmetric information management (AIM) instruction—informing interviewees, inter alia, that more detailed statements are easier to accurately classify as genuine or fabricated—to encourage truth tellers to be verbally forthcoming and to encourage liars to be verbally withholding. Truth tellers (n = 52) and liars (n = 52) took part in one of two counterbalanced missions, and were assigned to either the AIM or control interviewing condition. Truth tellers provided (and liars withheld) more information in the AIM condition (compared to the control condition), and thus, discriminant analysis classificatory performance was improved. Therefore, a simple instruction can simultaneously modify the respective strategies of liars and truth tellers.

Contributing Factors for Successful Information Security Management Implementation: A Conceptual Model

Information security management is a comprehensive information management technique that is used as a strategic approach for addressing risks, breaches of information security incidents that threaten confidentiality, integrity and availability. Information Security Management has become an important initiative for organizations to manage and protect their information assets responsibly and effectively. One of the common problems in organisations is the lack of guidelines for the implementation of an effective and efficient ISM. As a result, incidents and threats to organisations continue to rise causing the organisations to suffer losses and their reputation jeopardised. Therefore, this study aims to identify the success factors that could assist organisations in the implementation of ISM. The methodology used in this study is a qualitative research technique whereby a theoretical study was reviewed through existing literature together with ISM international standards, frameworks, guidelines, best practices and previous studies in the IS field. The data from the theoretical study was then analysed using content analysis. Twelve success factors were identified and the relationships between these factors are proposed. These factors are derived and grouped into aspects of people and process. Each factor contains its own element that represents either the role to play or the activity to perform. In the process aspect, the factor was further divided into the Plan, Do, Check and Act phases. The aspects and factors were then formulated as a conceptual model for information security management implementation. The conceptual model acts as a guideline and an initial setup for organisations intending to implement ISM in the future. Furthermore, it could also act as a reference for future research in the information security domain.

GIS/GPS SOLUTIONS AS EFFICIENT TOOLS FOR SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF VINEYARDS IN KOSOVO

The main objective of this paper is to analyze and develop a GIS system that includes all necessary information obtained by using GPS and mobile GIS techniques as well. Since several techniques for information management exist, the aim is how to integrate them for a sustainable management of vineyards areas in Kosovo. It has been designed a system, which is able to produce maps, make various analyses based on the requests of the specific users and offers trend orientation for decision making. The JAVA programming language has been used. This provides the most possible flexibility in the data flow and data management. The structure of the data base is proposed to be designed in that way that the textual and geometric data have been processed in a unique data base in PostGIS PostgreSQL technology.Web GIS technology presented in this paper, shows an advantage comparing to the desktop based technology since it enables an access in real time. Foremost, the application offers an access depending on the roles and privileges for different users. Development of a WEB application for viticulture management will improve the efficiency and decision making process as well.Results show numerous capabilities of GIS methodologies to manage the agricultural crops, in this particular case, the vineyards. Further, the results provide insight into information management in a single system and serve as a basis for similar researches in other areas of agriculture in the future.

Multi-group Information Management Techniques to efficiently Protect User Privacy in Heterogeneous Environments of 5G

Multi-group Information Management Techniques to efficiently Protect User Privacy in Heterogeneous Environments of 5G

Assessing sustainability in agricultural landscapes: a review of approaches1,2

Research and development agencies, as well as policy makers and agri-food enterprises, need reliable data to support informed decisions that can improve the sustainability of agricultural landscapes. We present a review of agricultural sustainability assessment frameworks (ASAF) that identifies the features most relevant to monitoring progress towards sustainability goals for agricultural landscapes. This qualitative review considers a variety of approaches for defining goals and for selecting stakeholders, spatial and temporal boundaries, indicators, and analytical approaches. We focused on assessment frameworks that (i) include environmental, social, and economic implications of agriculture; (ii) are applicable to multiple, non-specified farm system types; (iii) are described in an English language, peer-reviewed publication; (iv) have been developed for use at a farm system to regional spatial scale; (v) engage stakeholders; (vi) provide case studies; and (vii) could be used in a variety of contexts across the globe. Based on the review, we provide recommendations for further development and use of assessment frameworks to better address the needs of agricultural research, extension, and development organizations. We recommend an agro-ecosystem approach to help stakeholders identify appropriate indicators for their situation. Assessment methods need to be flexible enough for adaptation to a spectrum of agricultural landscapes and changing environmental conditions, and remain relevant as farmers and other stakeholders acquire new information, resources, and different management techniques. We find that to address information gaps across different scales from farm to region will require creativity and some reliance on local knowledge systems to support adaptive management. Assessment results should communicate relationships among ecosystem services and socio-economic activities affected by agricultural landscapes. Visualization tools can facilitate understanding of trade-offs and synergies among sustainability goals as reflected by individual indicators.

PELATIHAN PENGELOLAAN INFORMASI YANG MEMILIKI NILAI BERITA BAGI APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA KABUPATEN PANGANDARAN TAHUN 2016

The natural resources potential at Pangandaran has become strategic since its status as a district is definitive. Being a new district, Pangandaran has a number of challenges that must be faced in the era of free trade that is getting closer. That is, it requires qualified skills from the government officials. One of these skills is related to information management for the public. The purpose of this community service is to describe and explain how to improve the knowledge and skills of civil servants engaged in the field of information services in Pangandaran district, especially those related to information management techniques that have news value. The implementation of community service was conducted by lecture, question and answer, and simulation. The results of the activities show that state civil servants engaged in information services for the community in Pangandaran district did not appear to have sufficient knowledge and skills in terms of information management needed by the community. This is evident from the lack of information on the website in government agencies regarding the updating of activities in the district of Pangandaran. Based on our community service activities, we conclude that there has been an increase in knowledge and skills shown by the many questions and discussions of participants on how to find, manage and pack information into valuable news needed by the community. It is suggested that the implementation of community service activities should be in the form of assistance so that speakers would be able to inculcate the values of professionalism in the management of information that is important for the community in Pangandaran district through continuous capacity building and empowerment of professional civil servants in the field of communication.