Information In Modern Society Research Articles

Genesis and Current State of the Forensic Prediction Theory

Predictive activities in the field of forensic science are one of the most relevant practice-oriented areas of research within the framework of forensic science. Predicting development trends of any subject, process, and system based on existing information about them and the achieved level of science allows us to obtain advanced knowledge that is relevant given the high speed of emergence, processing and use of information in modern society. The digitalization process causes the emergence of new objects and new tasks of expert research, changes in their methods and methodology, which significantly affects the formation and development of new types of forensic examinations. The theory of forensic forecasting should become the foundation for scientifically based forecasts in this area. The work scrutinizes the genesis of this theory, its close connection with scientific forecasting in other sciences of the criminal legal cycle. Particular attention is given to its connection with forensic forecasting. The paper states the relatively low level of development of the theory of forensic forecasting, and identifies factors that complicate forecasting in the field of forensic activity. The relevance of further developments in this area is noted. It is indicated that the timely organization of methodological developments, updating of professional and educational requirements for experts and other practically significant activities require theoretical predictive information for their planning.

Internet Culture as a Nomadic model: representation of the Unconscious

The article examines the issue of the formation of a new reality through Internet culture. The subject of this work is the nomadic model of the World Wide Web. The object is modern news programs presented on the Internet. The purpose of the study is to identify patterns that influence the formation of a new genre of media as a way of communication in the Internet environment. The peculiarity of the Internet device allows us to develop the concept of a viewer-author due to a high level of interactivity. The presence of a multitude of information expressed through an uncontrolled nomadic model creates an atmosphere of a new "reality" based on false freedom and pseudo-trust. In addition, the creation of a "virtual double" by the viewer contributes to the manifestation of hidden emotions and antisocial behaviors as a manifestation of the archetype "Shadow" (K. Jung). The article puts forward a hypothesis: the peculiarity of the Internet networks, expressed through the nomadic model, creates a platform for the realization of the unconscious viewer. This work is based on the nomadic model of culture developed by philosopher J. Deleuze and psychiatrist F. Guattari. Through the concept of psychoanalysis by K. Jung and J. Lacan examines the concept of the unconscious, as well as the "virtual reality" of S. Zizek, necessary for the most complete analysis of the transmission of information through Internet genres. The relevance of the research is emphasized by the need to comprehend the processes of constructing reality in the Internet network, through new information genres, in conditions of high interactivity. The novelty of the work lies in a new theoretical understanding of the experience of receiving and transmitting information via the Internet, one of the main participants of which is the viewer himself. The analysis of information production methods becomes especially necessary in conditions of reduced data moderation, which leads to the spread of false information in modern society. The author's special contribution to the research of the topic consists in the analysis of information and analytical programs, in particular "Caution: News", presented on the Internet platform. The main conclusion of the conducted research is the confirmation of the scientific hypothesis: the Internet environment is a nomadic model, which is a platform for the realization of the unconscious viewer.

Personal Information Preservation and Balance of Interests

On the one hand, emerging information technologies such as data and information in modern society not only bring a lot of benefits to the development of human society but also lead to the ubiquitous risk of personal message infringement. Therefore, information subjects have the interest expectations and claims to limit the processing and use of their information by others, to protect personal information from illegal collection, processing, dissemination, and intrusion by others. Conversely, the free flow and rational use of individual data have greatly improved the quality of People's Daily social life and have also become an important strategic resource and driving force to promote the enhancement of government governance capabilities and the social development of the future digital economy. Therefore, it can be said that the balance of interests between the preservation and Use of personal messages has become the foundation of the rule of law development of privacy preservation for personal data in contemporary society. Given this, based on previous studies, this paper will further study and discuss the interest balance between the preservation and application of private data in the advancement of contemporary civilization by using the methods of value analysis, legal hermeneutics analysis, and comparative analysis, and propose that within limits permitted by law and with the interests of the information subject as the bottom line, The legal foundation for information users' usage of personal data can be suitably increased to strike a balance between the needs of usage and security of personal messages.

The Impact of Choice Overload on Consumers

Choice overload is a phenomenon in which consumers are faced with an overabundance of choices and information in modern society, leading to increased anxiety, fatigue and uncertainty. With the popularity of the Internet and the rise of social media, consumers have easy access to a wide variety of information and products. However, this also means that consumers need to spend more time and effort to sift through and compare different options. With the plethora of choices available, some consumers may feel overwhelmed, leading to decision-making difficulties and a regret mentality. Choice overload has a profound effect on consumers which exposing consumers to increased decision-making distress. This paper will classify the existing views from three aspects (impact of choice, consumer choice psychological mechanism and triggers of choice). On this basis, we give the merchants in the problem of the relevant solutions. For example, merchants can also take steps to help consumers cope with the effects of choice overload. They can provide clear and unambiguous product information, streamline the shopping process, and offer personalized recommendations and suggestions to reduce consumers' choice burden.

Technology, transmission, trust, and tendency: Detecting trends in COVID-19 related fabricated content of virtual fact-check networks

The COVID-19 outbreak has punctured every part of a person's life, along with how people perform, enjoy, study, work out, and interact with one another. The debunking industry has tried to lessen the enormous spread of false information in modern society due to the growth of social media. Current research investigates debunked fallacious content relating to COVID-19 in India, intending to understand the key themes and trends in fabricated content for health literacy. The study is exploratory and uses supervised machine learning for the purpose of classification. The study uses thematic analysis techniques to look at the 506 claims of false information about COVID-19 that Indian fact-checking platforms have refuted. The results discern specific trends and health literacy within the range. The tendency toward fallacious content starts with anger toward China and creates communal hatred against India's minority group. Political propaganda, then false health information, was the main subject of such content. Moreover, many misrepresented and refuted claims came from the mainstream media.

Internet information as a factor of a person’s emotional and psychological well-being

Introduction. Information in modern society acts as a cultural tool influencing human socialisation processes. However, the amount of information consumed by a human is so extensive that it leads to information overload; its consequences on a person’s emotional and psychological well-being are not sufficiently studied, which determines the relevance of the present study. The issues of trust in mass media and human’s psychological well-being have been studied most often in modern psychological science as independent phenomena. Most often researchers focus on analysing the impact of news content on human well-being regardless of the extent of trust in it. The aim of the study was to reveal the relationship between the level of trust in digital media and a person’s emotional and psychological well-being. Materials and methods. The study involved 456 1st – 5th year students of the State University for Humanities and Social Studies (M=116, W=340, average age 19.7±2.8). The Integrative anxiety test; the Basic beliefs scale; the Psychological well-being scale were used to study one’s emotional and psychological well-being. The level of trust in mass media was measured with the use of the original questionnaire. Results. It was found that people who trust Internet media have more expressed emotional and personal problems reducing the level of their psychological well-being: anxiety about the future (p=0.004), depression (p=0.011), negative self-esteem and dissatisfaction with circumstances of their life (p=0.034). As shown by the factor analysis, the main correlatives of emotional and psychological ill-being in groups of those who trust and do not trust the media are as follows: expressed anxiety, low level of self-esteem and self-value, use of the emotional strategy for coping with stress (factor 2 “Emotional discomfort”). The ill-being of people who trust information in the Internet increases when they turn to the strategy of emotional social support in difficult situations, and the overall balance of well-being in people who do not trust the Internet can be disrupted in case of “crisis of beliefs” (factor 2 “Emotional discomfort”). Conclusion. The obtained results help to gain deeper understanding of the mechanisms of influence of Internet sources on human psychological well-being and to develop “healthy” media consumption programmes. Further research in this area can be focused on in-depth search for a set of determinant psychological variables – psychological well-being development protectors, with regard for gender, age and individual psychological characteristics of a person underlying trust in consumed information.

Internet information as a factor of a person’s emotional and psychological well-being

Introduction. Information in modern society acts as a cultural tool influencing human socialisation processes. However, the amount of information consumed by a human is so extensive that it leads to information overload; its consequences on a person’s emotional and psychological well-being are not sufficiently studied, which determines the relevance of the present study. The issues of trust in mass media and human’s psychological well-being have been studied most often in modern psychological science as independent phenomena. Most often researchers focus on analysing the impact of news content on human well-being regardless of the extent of trust in it. The aim of the study was to reveal the relationship between the level of trust in digital media and a person’s emotional and psychological well-being. Materials and methods. The study involved 456 1st – 5th year students of the State University for Humanities and Social Studies (M=116, W=340, average age 19.7±2.8). The Integrative anxiety test; the Basic beliefs scale; the Psychological well-being scale were used to study one’s emotional and psychological well-being. The level of trust in mass media was measured with the use of the original questionnaire. Results. It was found that people who trust Internet media have more expressed emotional and personal problems reducing the level of their psychological well-being: anxiety about the future (p=0.004), depression (p=0.011), negative self-esteem and dissatisfaction with circumstances of their life (p=0.034). As shown by the factor analysis, the main correlatives of emotional and psychological ill-being in groups of those who trust and do not trust the media are as follows: expressed anxiety, low level of self-esteem and self-value, use of the emotional strategy for coping with stress (factor 2 “Emotional discomfort”). The ill-being of people who trust information in the Internet increases when they turn to the strategy of emotional social support in difficult situations, and the overall balance of well-being in people who do not trust the Internet can be disrupted in case of “crisis of beliefs” (factor 2 “Emotional discomfort”). Conclusion. The obtained results help to gain deeper understanding of the mechanisms of influence of Internet sources on human psychological well-being and to develop “healthy” media consumption programmes. Further research in this area can be focused on in-depth search for a set of determinant psychological variables – psychological well-being development protectors, with regard for gender, age and individual psychological characteristics of a person underlying trust in consumed information.

APPLIED SOFTWARE FOR PERSONAL INFORMATION STORAGE

In today's world, the personal information of any person can be conventionally divided into two large categories: general and special. As you can understand from the name, the first category is responsible for the type of data that can be found in public access, namely: surname, first name, patronymic, signature, place and date of birth, citizenship, marital status, education, bank details, etc. Such a variety of personal data requires different methods and automated means of storage. Today, private and state institutions increasingly refuse to store information in paper form. This is explained by the low level of security of such storage facilities, which can be affected by fire, water, pests, etc. Information that exists in paper form is very easy to lose, for example, misplaced or lost during movement. It is shown that digital storage of information makes it possible to get rid of such problems. Personal data that is stored electronically can often be recovered even if the device from which it was accessed is lost. One of the main types of personal information in modern society is login data: login and password. That is why the algorithmic and software of the automated system for saving the user's personal data was developed. This system should enable the user to generate passwords resistant to standard hacking methods and store them in the database. The development of the automated system took place using the MVC architectural template, which is one of the options for implementing a multi-level architectural model. For detailed design and coding, an object-oriented Java programming language with static strict typing was chosen. It was also decided to develop an automated system in the form of a web application using the Spring framework. During the development process, a local database was designed, which will store personal data in the form of logins and passwords entered by the user or generated by the system itself. An algorithm for generating hack-resistant passwords has been developed. Hash algorithms are also used as an additional protection of the main password of the web application. A graphical interface has been created that allows the user to access the main functions of the automated system.

Scientific information in modern society through the eyes of public library users

Increasing prestige of science, educating scientific and innovative outlook in population and its faithfulness to science and scientists make the priorities of the national policy. The authors present the findings of the survey of Novosibirsk library users (as the segment of society). The survey was to reveal their attitude toward science. The authors conclude: the overwhelming majority of users trust in scientific knowledge and acknowledge science significance. They demonstrate the willingness to keep pace with the latest developments. The specialized Internet resources and libraries are the main sources of information. The respondents are not eager to make decisions on science advancement and applying them, acknowledging that it is researchers and scientific communities that are to set forward research problems. It is of no account to the respondents which country researcher reside in. The users see the libraries as a depositary of scientific and popular literature, site for mass event intended to promote science. However their commitment is not that high: up to the half of the respondents “read sometimes”, and even less number attends popularization events (mostly tours). Probably, changing displays and diverse exhibitions would contribute to scientific knowledge promotion. The libraries are not at all times capable to provide access to scientific knowledge. The users are seen to be most interested in exhibitions on the subjects of psychology, medicine and technological achievements.

ВПЛИВ ДЕРЖАВИ НА РОЗВИТОК ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОГО ПРОГРАМНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ В СИСТЕМІ ОСВІТИ УКРАЇНИ

The value of information in modern society is difficult to overestimate. In the period of the war with russia on the territory of Ukraine, the informatization of society is very fast, and in the field of education, the flow of a wide variety of information has increased, the means and methods of its transmission, processing and storage are being improved. Due to the development of processes of informatization of the education system of Ukraine, educators are involved in a whole system of information relations, and their activities without obtaining and using relevant information are practically impossible. Information provision of education, as the professional activity of a teacher, is an urgent need and is becoming more and more relevant. Education reform is impossible without improving the procedure for its completion, as well as information support. The rapid expansion of the scientific space of the Internet contributed to the growing popularity and importance of scientific Internet publications. Observations have shown that most scientists search for information on the Internet by keywords. This method uses too many sources, most of which do not meet the needs of the teacher. Placing electronic versions of scientific publications, textbooks, manuals, dissertations, and encyclopedic materials on the Internet created opportunities for wide use of these resources in educational activities. The analysis of the topics of publications in scientific-metric databases allows us to identify the fastest-growing industries, the distant prospects of technological breakthroughs, which are very relevant in this difficult time for Ukraine. Improving the teacher’s ability to use information and communication tools in the work should take place in a specially organized activity, in which each of the components should find development: personal, scientific-theoretical, practical.

Research advances on common detection biomarkers and methodology of children's growth and development assessment

With the rapid dissemination of information in modern society, Chinese residents pay more attention to the scientific concept of childcare, which makes the child prevention and health care industry develop rapidly. The law of children's growth and development is extremely complex, so it is necessary to detect different biomarkers according to different growth and development evaluation angles. Human growth hormone(hGH), insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3(IGFBP-3), thyroid hormone, sex hormone, anti-müllerian hormone(AMH) and 25-hydroxy vitamin D(25-OH VD) are common biomarkers to monitor children's growth and development. This article aims to explain the concept and characteristics of common biomarkers of growth and development, summarize the detection methods of common biomarkers of growth and development evaluation developed in recent years, and provide a reference for children's prevention and health care to select appropriate detection biomarkers.

Studying the trends of modern musical culture in order to increase the competence of future vocal teachers

The article attempts to substantiate the need for increased attention of stakeholders to the relevance of updating the professional training of vocal teachers. The author of the publication step-by-step reveals the ideal structure of a vocal teacher's competence based on the views of various experts systematized by him, and also suggests making separate principal accents on the comprehensive study of trends in modern musical culture by students, since conscious and purposeful familiarization with them is, in his opinion, an integral element in the system of modern professional competence. The personal and professional characteristics that every future vocal teacher should possess are disclosed in sufficient detail; the special importance of each of these components of success in the competitive struggle in the pedagogical labor market is emphasized. In addition, the key features of the dissemination of musical information in modern society, the impact of network technologies on the specialized training of teachers and recipients are highlighted. The specifics of the perception and use of musical information by different generations of Russian people are noted. As a conclusion, the author suggests a further, more in-depth study of the issues he raised, since, in his opinion, it is insufficiently developed at the scientific level. As a conclusion, the author suggests further study of the issues he raised.

100‐Layer Error‐Free 5D Optical Data Storage by Ultrafast Laser Nanostructuring in Glass

AbstractThe demand for energy efficient data storage technologies with high capacity and long life span is increasingly growing due to the explosion of digital information in modern society. Here, a 5D optical data storage with high capacity and ultralong lifetime is realized by femtosecond‐laser‐induced anisotropic nanopore structures (type X modification) in silica glass. The ultrahigh transmission of this birefringent modification, >99% in the visible range, allows recording and retrieving thousands of layers of multibit digital data practically. Type X formation is associated with moderate free carrier density produced close to the energy threshold of avalanche ionization. Higher retardance with increased repetition rate at low pulse energy is attributed to accumulation of defects (nonbridging oxygen hole centers), enabling rapid imprinting of voxels by megahertz‐rate pulses. Data recording of 7 bits per voxel, i.e., 25 azimuth angles and 22 retardance levels is experimentally demonstrated with readout error as small as 0.6%. Furthermore, “The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy” by Douglas Adams is optically recorded with a data writing speed of 8 kB s−1 in 100 layers of voxels and the proven data readout accuracy of 100%.

DẠY KĨ NĂNG TƯ DUY (THINKING SKILLS) VÀ VẬN DỤNG TRONG DẠY HỌC LỊCH SỬ Ở TRƯỜNG PHỔ THÔNG

The drastic changes in technology and information in modern society require that each need outstanding ability to make decisions based on a large amount of complex information, rather than developing the ability to remember information. Although there are still debates such as: Is it possible to teach thinking to learners?. How to teach thinking?... But in fact, teaching thinking skills in courses specializing in thinking or teaching thinking skills interwoven with other objectives in the subject is taking effect. Teaching thinking as a skill helps learners develop their creativity, problem-solving, self-study,... to keep pace with the extreme transformation of the technological society. The article introduces an overview of thinking and teaching thinking as a skill in education. In addition, the article has given specific suggestions to apply some thinking techniques in teaching history in the context that Vietnam is implementing the 2018 General educational curriculum.

Analysis of the Problem of Spreading Fake Information in Modern Society (Based on the Example of Written Expert Interviews)

Analysis of the Problem of Spreading Fake Information in Modern Society (Based on the Example of Written Expert Interviews)

THE IMAGE OF A FEMALE HEROINE OF THE WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF IDEOLOGY: ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MOVIE «THE SNIPERS» BY B.SHAMSHIEV

Modern social science pays more attention to the study of social consciousness, forms and means of communication, methods of self-identification of human communities. A sufficient number of studies can be found on the influence of information on mass consciousness. In this regard, some thoughts and research have arisen about how a certain ideology can penetrate the consciousness of people through the media. This interest of scientists is largely related to various sources (text, visual, etc.) of information in modern society, which is accessible to the masses. This work focuses on the forms of representation of ideology aimed at the masses. Within the framework of the work, a brief history of Soviet cinema, cinema as a means of building the ideology of the Soviet era, and a review of literature in the context of this topic were presented. In order to identify the forms of transmission of ideology, the Van Dyck method of ideological discourse is used. An example of the study is the film " Snipers” by Bolotbek Shamshiev, a film based on the exploits of Aliya Moldagulova during the Great Patriotic War. Using this method of analysis, the film examined the forms of ideological construction through ideological discourses. Soviet sniper Aliya Moldagulova, who was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union, presented as a female hero in the 1985 film "Snipers", is considered an ideological icon. The transformation of Moldagulova into an icon was carried out within the framework of socialist ideology in the form of militarism, equality of men and women, courage, etc.

The importance of information in modern society

The article analyzes changes that have occurred in public life and legal practices during the period of rapid development of information and communication technologies. On the basis of the presented facts and observations, the need for normative regulation of actions and statements on the internet is substantiated. It is concluded that information in modern society increases in value, since it can be used not only as a product, but also as a means of influencing public opinion and institutions.

CERTAIN ASPECTS OF THE STATE POLICY OF UKRAINE IN THE FIELD OF INFORMATION PROTECTION AS AN OBJECT OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL REGULATION

The subject of this research is the state policy of Ukraine in the field of information protection. The purpose of the work is to reveal the specific features of information protection as an object of administrative and legal regulation. We must state that the growing role of information in modern society necessitates a purposeful and holistic state policy to address the typical legal problems facing society in the information sphere. One such problem is information security. In turn, the properties of information, as a specific object of state regulation, necessitated the development of a new branch of law – "information law". The latter, based on the achievements of civil, criminal, constitutional and administrative law, forms the scientific and conceptual basis for relevant research. Currently, the assessment of the current state of "state policy of Ukraine in the field of information protection" requires consideration and clarification of the content, essence and features of such concepts as: "information", "information protection", "regulation", "administrative and legal regulation", "policy ","state policy" and "state policy in the field of information protection". In the study: the state of scientific study of the formation of state policy in the field of information is analyzed; different types of information that are protected by the state are identified; the approach to the formation of information policy in Ukraine is described. The results of the study show that the main feature of administrative and legal protection of information is its object, which is not so much the rights of certain persons or the legal relations that arise between them, but primarily the information itself. The research materials allow to separate the protection of information from other areas of state information policy. Taking into account a wide range of legal issues related to information, as well as fluctuations in the development of the information society, the allocation of information protection in a particular area of public policy provides favorable conditions for improving appropriate measures of administrative and legal regulation.

БИБЛИОТЕКА НОВОГО ТИПА КАК КУЛЬТУРНАЯ УНИВЕРСАЛИЯ

The relevance of the study of a new type of library as a cultural universal is due to the fact that the modern library remains the most democratic tool in the world for access to knowledge for all citizens, regardless of their age and social status. The library, being a social organism, cannot exist outside of the spiritual life of society, it is one of the most important tools of its development. Changing role of information in modern society directly affects the transformation of some functions of libraries. The study of the ontological foundations of the library can help to reveal its mission at the turn of the epochs. The aim of the study is to consider the phenomenon of the library in the historical context as an institution of culture, providing circulation of social experience. Transformations in the life of society and in the activity of the library as a social organism create the task of defining a strategy for its development. When considering this problem, a systematic approach was used. Culture is considered as a system of supra-biological programs, in which the library acts as an element of this system. General logical methods of cognition such as analogy, analysis, synthesis, generalization and prediction were also applied. The material of the article characterizes the library of a new type as a cultural universal, accumulating and broadcasting social experience. The article presents the philosophical foundations of the library in the context of the universals of culture, describes its main functions, reveals the essence and characteristics of the library of a new type, identifies socio-cultural practices as an important factor in the formation of information mobility of students. As a result of the study the following conclusions were made: 1. The ontological foundations of the traditional and modern library are common, which characterizes it as a cultural universal. 2. The transformation of the functions of modern libraries led to the emergence of a new type of library. 3. Consideration and study of the philosophical foundations of the library of a new type let to reveal its mission at the turn of the epochs, as well as to predict further ways of its development.

SPECIFICS OF INFORMATION ON THE INTERNET

The article presents the results of the theoretical study of the specificity of information messages on the Internet in the context of the role of information in modern society, focusing on the basic properties of textual information and informativeness as its necessary characteristic. It is stated that, taking into consideration that the information society is characterized by a reflexive learning of information, which, reflecting rapid changes in the social system and life, is not reliable or factual, but has exclusively hypothetical probabilistic character, and the growing role of the Internet as a major source of information, the quality of information on the world electronic network is an important problem that needs to be solved. The phenomenon of information and its correlation with alike concepts (knowledge, facts) was analyzed, the main types and properties of text information, among which the special attention is focused on informativeness as the most important necessary characteristic of information messages on the Internet, were distinguished. It was pointed out that the analysis of the properties of information and the specifics of its submission on the Internet network demonstrated the lack of really important for the person and society, true factual information, and much of the Internet messages were objectively uninformative. The situation was caused by the circumstances that the modern Internet network had lost its purpose of being a macro-repository and source of the necessary for person and society information to a great extent, becoming a place, where the different quality information: from true and necessary to fake, meaningless and candidly absurd, had existed. It was shown that the Internet – a global means of mass communication in society, capable of rapid transmission of huge flows of information, – was the sign-symbolic abstract social system. But we can rely on the information in it only temporary and if necessary, because its quality is often questionable, and the format of presentation – fragmentary of the separate clips of information – deprives it of not only reliability and credibility, but also of meaningfulness. It was discovered that there were obstacles both in finding the necessary information on the Internet, and in the identification of its reliability and understanding of the meaning, caused in particular by the fragmentary-chaotic character of information’s submission, oriented not so much on informing people, but on the realization of the purpose of the hidden informational-communicative influence on individual and mass consciousness. It was concluded that in order to satisfy the user search and optimize the quality of information on the Internet, it should be accessible, reliable and valuable, should have signs of completeness and informative of coverage of the problem under study.