HTML Information Research Articles

A comprehensive methodology to construct standardised datasets for Science and Technology Parks

This work presents a standardised approach to create datasets for Science and Technology Parks (STPs), facilitating future analysis of STP characteristics, trends and performance. STPs are the most representative examples of innovation ecosystems. The ETL (extraction-transformation-load) structure was adapted to a global field study of STPs. A selection stage and quality check were incorporated, and the methodology was applied to Spanish STPs. This study applies diverse techniques such as expert labelling and information extraction which uses language technologies. A novel methodology for building quality and standardised STP datasets was designed and applied to a Spanish STP case study with 49 STPs. An updatable dataset and a list of the main features impacting STPs are presented. Twenty-one (n = 21) core features were refined and selected, with fifteen of them (71.4 %) being robust enough for developing further quality analysis. The methodology presented integrates different sources with heterogeneous information that is often decentralised, disaggregated and in different formats: excel files, and unstructured information in HTML or PDF format. The existence of this updatable dataset and the defined methodology will enable powerful AI tools to be applied that focus on more sophisticated analysis, such as taxonomy, monitoring, and predictive and prescriptive analytics in the innovation ecosystems field.

Ontobee: A linked ontology data server to support ontology term dereferencing, linkage, query and integration.

Linked Data (LD) aims to achieve interconnected data by representing entities using Unified Resource Identifiers (URIs), and sharing information using Resource Description Frameworks (RDFs) and HTTP. Ontologies, which logically represent entities and relations in specific domains, are the basis of LD. Ontobee (http://www.ontobee.org/) is a linked ontology data server that stores ontology information using RDF triple store technology and supports query, visualization and linkage of ontology terms. Ontobee is also the default linked data server for publishing and browsing biomedical ontologies in the Open Biological Ontology (OBO) Foundry (http://obofoundry.org) library. Ontobee currently hosts more than 180 ontologies (including 131 OBO Foundry Library ontologies) with over four million terms. Ontobee provides a user-friendly web interface for querying and visualizing the details and hierarchy of a specific ontology term. Using the eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformation (XSLT) technology, Ontobee is able to dereference a single ontology term URI, and then output RDF/eXtensible Markup Language (XML) for computer processing or display the HTML information on a web browser for human users. Statistics and detailed information are generated and displayed for each ontology listed in Ontobee. In addition, a SPARQL web interface is provided for custom advanced SPARQL queries of one or multiple ontologies.

A semi-automatic indexing system based on embedded information in HTML documents

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe and evaluate the tool DigiDoc MetaEdit which allows the semi-automatic indexing of HTML documents. The tool works by identifying and suggesting keywords from a thesaurus according to the embedded information in HTML documents. This enables the parameterization of keyword assignment based on how frequently the terms appear in the document, the relevance of their position, and the combination of both. Design/methodology/approach – In order to evaluate the efficiency of the indexing tool, the descriptors/keywords suggested by the indexing tool are compared to the keywords which have been indexed manually by human experts. To make this comparison a corpus of HTML documents are randomly selected from a journal devoted to Library and Information Science. Findings – The results of the evaluation show that there: first, is close to a 50 per cent match or overlap between the two indexing systems, however, if you take into consideration the related terms and the narrow terms the matches can reach 73 per cent; and second, the first terms identified by the tool are the most relevant. Originality/value – The tool presented identifies the most important keywords in an HTML document based on the embedded information in HTML documents. Nowadays, representing the contents of documents with keywords is an essential practice in areas such as information retrieval and e-commerce.

On The Automated Classification of Web Pages Using Artificial Neural Network

The World Wide Web is growing at an uncontrollable rate. Hundreds of thousands of web sites appear every day, with the added challenge of keeping the web directories up-to-date. Further, the uncontrolled nature of web presents difficulties for Web page classification. As the number of Internet users is growing, so is the need for classification of web pages with greater precision in order to present the users with web pages of their desired class. However, web page classification has been accomplished mostly by using textual categorization methods. Herein, we propose a novel approach for web page classification that uses the HTML information present in a web page for its classification. There are many ways of achieving classification of web pages into various domains. This paper proposes an entirely new dimension towards web page classification using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Index Terms: World Wide Web, Web page classification, textual categorization, HTML, Artificial Neural Networks, ANN.

Selective Redundancy Removal: A Framework for Data Hiding

Data hiding techniques have so far concentrated on adding or modifying irrelevant information in order to hide a message. However, files in widespread use, such as HTML documents, usually exhibit high redundancy levels, caused by code-generation programs. Such redundancy may be removed by means of optimization software. Redundancy removal, if applied selectively, enables information hiding. This work introduces Selective Redundancy Removal (SRR) as a framework for hiding data. An example application of the framework is given in terms of hiding information in HTML documents. Non-uniformity across documents may raise alarms. Nevertheless, selective application of optimization techniques might be due to the legitimate use of optimization software not supporting all the optimization methods, or configured to not use all of them.

Information Extraction from Hypertext Mark-Up Language Web Pages

Problems statement: Nowadays, many users use web search engines to find and gather information. User faces an increasing amount of various HTML information sources. The issue of correlating, integrating and presenting related information to users becomes important. When a user uses a search engine such as Yahoo and Google to seek specific information, the results are not only information about the availability of the desired information, but also information about other pages on which the desired information is mentioned. The number of selected pages is enormous. Therefore, the performance capabilities, the overlap among results for the same queries and limitations of web search engines are an important and large area of research. Extracting information from the web pages also becomes very important because the massive and increasing amount of diverse HTML information sources in the internet that are available to users and the variety of web pages making the process of information extraction from web a challenging problem. Approach: This study proposed an approach for extracting information from HTML web pages which was able to extract relevant information from different web pages based on standard classifications. Results: Proposed approach was evaluated by conducting experiments on a number of web pages from different domains and achieved increment in precision and F measure as well as decrement in recall. Conclusion: Experiments demonstrated that our approach extracted the attributes besides the sub attributes that described the extracted attributes and values of the sub attributes from various web pages. Proposed approach was able to extract the attributes that appear in different names in some of the web pages.

Intelligent Information Integration

The authors present their work in the conceptualization, design, implementation, and application of “lean” information integration systems. They present a new data integration approach based on a schema-less data management and integration paradigm, which enables developing cost-effective large scale integration applications. They have designed and developed a highly scalable, information-on-demand system called NETMARK, which facilitates information access and integration based on a theory of articulation management and a context sensitive paradigm. NETMARK has been widely deployed for managing, storing, and searching unstructured or semi-structured arbitrary XML and HTML information at the National Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA). In this paper the authors describe the theory, design and implementation of our system, present experimental benchmark evaluations, and validate our approach through real-world applications in the NASA enterprise.

Information for Volume 85, 2008 of the Journal of Chemical Education

Information for Volume 85, 2008 of the Journal of Chemical Education is available at our HTML Information Page and at our Features information page in the About JCE section of this Web site.

Extracting relational data from HTML repositories

There is a vast amount of valuable information in HTML documents, widely distributed across the World Wide Web and across corporate intranets. Unfortunately, HTML is mainly presentation oriented and hard to query. In this paper, we develop a system to extract desired information (records) from thousands of HTML documents, starting from a small set of examples. Duplicates in the result are automatically detected and eliminated. We propose a novel method to estimate the current coverage of results by the system, based on capture-recapture models with unequal capture probabilities. We also propose techniques for estimating the error rate of the extracted information and an interactive the technique for enhancing information quality. To evaluate the method and ideas proposed in this paper, we conducted an extensive set of experiments. Our experimental results validate the effectiveness and utility of our system, and demonstrate interesting tradeoffs between running time of information extraction and coverage of results.

WAB

A blind or visually impaired user can get lost in hyperspace on one single W3-page. This paper presents Web Access for Blind users (WAB), a working system which makes web-surfing easier for blind persons. Normally, structure and meta information in HTML documents are displayed visually and are difficult for blind users to recognize. WAB transforms structure and meta information into a form that can be more easily read by visually handicapped people. Titles, links and form elements are described textually. Special navigation aids allow the blind user to navigate through the title hierarchy as well as through the list of links. The implemented system works with any World-Wide-Web-browser and any screen reader. No additional software has to be installed on the user's computer.

Borealis image server

The Borealis image server is intended to address the need for creating a central place to store large numbers of images. The system itself is composed of widely available resources and could be easily reproduced at other sites at very little expense. A Borealis server can be queried from any Web page or browser and delivers an image which has been watermarked. This watermarking is intended to assert ownership of the image in an obvious but unobtrusive fashion. The server is managed using a database which ensures that picture IDs are unique throughout the server. A variety of output styles are supported, including the image in its full size, a reduced version of an image, and a dynamically generated HTML information page. Images may also be returned in a variety of graphic formats. Future enhancements should include Web page-based administration tools, support for authenticated users to view non-watermarked images, and more advanced file management. Through these and other enhancements, the Borealis Project should fill a critical gap in the effort to make images available on the Web.