Influence Of Temperature Research Articles

SURFACE INVESTIGATION OF HIGH TEMPERATURE WEAR BEHAVIOR OF SS316L ALLOY PRODUCED BY LASER POWDER BED FUSION

This research investigates the tribological characteristics of SS316L produced through Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF), emphasizing the influence of testing temperature, sliding velocity, and loading conditions. The findings demonstrate that the friction coefficient escalates with increased temperatures (150°C and 250°C), whereas the wear rate remains invariant, presumably attributable to the establishment of a lubricating surface layer. The rotational velocity of 300 revolutions per minute the Coefficient of Friction (COF) shown an upward movement although the wear rate remains constant. The findings underscore the importance of analyzing different parameters to understand the friction and wear properties of additively manufactured SS316L.

Increased temperatures could heighten vulnerability of an ant-plant mutualism.

Mutualisms may be more or less sensitive to environmental conditions depending on the diversity and responses of the species involved. Ants frequently form mutualistic associations with plants bearing extrafloral nectaries (EFNs): the ants protect the plants from herbivores and receive food resources (i.e., nectar) in return. As ectotherms, ants are strongly influenced by temperature, and temperature shifts can affect ant-plant interactions in ways that often depend on species functional traits. In this study, we explored the influence of EFN size and leaf surface temperature on ant-plant interactions in a Caatinga dry forest in Brazil. We observed the ants visiting 14 EFN-bearing plant species at different times of day over 12 sampling months; we also measured leaf surface temperatures during these periods. We next quantified EFN size for 68 individuals from the 14 plant species. The observational data were used to characterize the heat tolerance of the attendant ant species (i.e., based on levels of foraging activity). We then evaluated the mutualism's degree of functional resilience using two indices: functional redundancy (i.e., the number of ant species interacting with a given plant species) and thermal response diversity (i.e., variability in the heat tolerance of the ant species interacting with a given plant species). We found that leaf surface temperature, but not EFN size, had an influence on mutualism functional resilience. As temperatures increased, both functional redundancy and thermal response diversity decreased. This result implies that warmer global temperatures could heighten the vulnerability of facultative ant-plant mutualisms, regardless of plant traits.

A Rapid Evaluation Method of Permafrost Bearing Capacity in the Tibetan Plateau Region Based on the Correlation Between CPT-CBR

Permafrost, as a soil type under unique environmental conditions, has bearing characteristics that are highly susceptible to thermo-hydraulic environments. Rapid evaluation of the bearing characteristics of in situ permafrost at various depths in perennially frozen regions is a critical scientific issue urgently needing resolution in the road design and construction sectors in China. To address this, this study investigates the correlation between CPT parameters and laboratory mechanical indices under the combined effects of multiple factors in frozen sandy soils. By conducting both CPT and CBR tests on frozen sandy soils, the study analyzes the trends in changes in cone tip resistance (qc) and CBR values under the influence of temperature (T), moisture content (ω), and compaction degree (K) and establishes a functional relationship between them. Based on the standard requirements for indoor CBR, an evaluation criterion using qc for assessing the bearing capacity of frozen sandy soil is proposed. The results indicate that both CBR values and qc increase initially and then stabilize as K increases. With decreasing temperature, both indices stabilize after an initial increase, with turning points at −3.1 °C for CBR values and −2.5 °C for qc. As ω increases, both indices first increase and then stabilize, with a turning point at 40%ω. There is a robust linear relationship between the CBR values and qc, with the ratio of predicted CBR values to actual values showing a histogram and log-normal distribution accounting for 81% and 51.3%, respectively, within a 20% accuracy level, indicating good predictive performance. Referring to the highway subgrade specifications for indoor CBR, a standard for evaluating the bearing capacity of frozen sandy soils using CPT technology is proposed. This study provides new insights for geological surveys in perennially frozen regions and a theoretical basis for the application of CPT technology in evaluating the bearing capacity of permafrost.

Temperature-Dependent Raman Scattering and Correlative Investigation of AlN Crystals Prepared Using a Physical Vapor Transport (PVT) Method

Ultrawide bandgap (UWBG) AlN c- and m-face crystals have been prepared using the physical vapor transport (PVT) method and studied penetratively using temperature-dependent (TD) Raman scattering (RS) measurements under both visible (457 nm) and DUV (266 nm) excitations in 80–870 K, plus correlative atomic force microscopy (AFM) and variable-angle (VA) spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). VASE identified their band gap energy as 6.2 eV, indicating excellent AlN characteristics and revealing Urbach energy levels of about 85 meV. Raman analyses revealed the residual tensile stress. TDRS shows that the E2(high) phonon lifetime decayed gradually in the 80–600 K range. Temperature has the greater influence on the stress of m-face grown AlN crystal. The influence of low temperature on the E2(high) phonon lifetime of m-plane AlN crystal is greater than that of the high-temperature region. By way of the LO-phonon and plasma coupling (LOPC), simulations of A1(LO) modes and carrier concentrations along different faces and depths in AlN crystals are determined. These unique and significant findings provide useful references for the AlN crystal growth and deepen our understanding on the UWBG AlN materials.

Enhanced Wear Resistance and Thermal Dissipation of Copper–Graphene Composite Coatings via Pulsed Electrodeposition for Circuit Breaker Applications

Copper, though highly conductive, requires improved wear resistance and thermal dissipation in applications that involve continuous movement and current-induced vibrations, such as power breakers. Conventional solutions, such as copper–tungsten alloys or lubricant use, face limitations in durability, friction, or environmental impact. This study explores the development of copper–graphene (Cu-GNPs) composite coatings using pulsed electrodeposition to enhance the tribological, thermal, and mechanical properties of circuit breaker components by adopting an industrially scalable technique. The influence of deposition bath temperature, duty cycle, and frequency on coating morphology, hardness, wear resistance, and heat dissipation was systematically evaluated using a 23 full factorial design and an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results revealed that optimized pulsed electrodeposition significantly improved coating performance: hardness increased by 76%, wear volume decreased by more than 99%, and friction coefficient stabilized at 0.2, reflecting effective graphene integration. The addition of graphene further improved thermal diffusivity by 19.5%, supporting superior heat dissipation. These findings suggest that pulsed copper–graphene composite coatings offer a promising alternative to traditional copper alloys, enhancing the lifespan and reliability of electronic components through improved wear resistance, lower friction, and superior heat transfer.

Modelling and Analysis of Low and Medium-Temperature Pyrolysis of Plastics in a Fluidized Bed Reactor for Energy Recovery

With the growing demand for plastic production and the importance of plastic recycling, new approaches to plastic waste management are required. Most of the plastic waste is not biodegradable and requires remodeling treatment methods. Chemical recycling has great potential as a method of waste treatment. Plastic pyrolysis allows for the cracking of plastic polymers into monomers with heat in the absence of oxygen, allowing energy recovery from the waste. Fluidized bed reactors are commonly used in plastic pyrolysis; they have excellent heat and mass transfer. This study investigates the influence of low and medium process temperatures of pyrolysis on fluidized bed reactor parameters such as static pressure, fluidizing gas velocity, solid movement, and bubble formation. This set of parameters was analyzed using experimental methods and statistical analysis methods such as experimental correlations of changes in fluidized bed reactor velocities (minimal, terminal) due to temperature increases for different particle sizes; CFD software simulation of temperature impact was not found. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis with Ansys Fluent was conducted for the fluidization regime with heat impact analysis in a fluidized bed reactor (FBR). FBR has excellent heat and mass transfer and can be used with a catalyst with low operating costs. A two-phase Eulerian–Eulerian model with transient analysis was conducted for a no-energy equation and at 100 °C, 500 °C, and 700 °C operating conditions. Fluidizing gas velocity increases the magnitude with an increase of the operating temperature. The point of fluidization could be determined at 1.1–1.2 s flow time at the maximum pressure drop point. With the increase of gas velocity (to 0.5 m/s from 0.25 m/s), fluidizing bed height expands but when the solid diameter is increased from 1.5 mm to 3 mm, the length of the fluidized region decreases. No pressure drop change was observed as the fluidized bed regime was maintained during all analyses. The fluidization regime depends on gas velocity and all the applied fluidization gas velocities were of a value in between the minimal fluidization velocity and the terminal velocity.

Experimental Investigation on the Critical Dynamic Stress of Frozen Silty Clay Under Different Temperature and Moisture Conditions

In this paper, a comprehensive series of dynamic triaxial tests were conducted to delve into the influence of temperature and moisture content on the behavior of frozen silty clay. Upon scrutinizing the experimental outcomes under prolonged reciprocal cyclic loading, insights were gained into how varying temperatures and moisture contents impact the cumulative permanent strain (CPS) and critical dynamic stress (CDS) of frozen clay. The results show that the variation curves of CPS with the number of cyclic loadings show significant changes at different temperatures and moisture contents. Additionally, based on the assessment of vertical CPS recorded at the 100th and 1000th loading iterations, criteria for assessing the plastic stability and plastic creep threshold of frozen silty clay were devised. Consequently, an analysis was conducted to delineate the correlation between the variation in vertical cumulative strains and the dynamic stresses applied within the frozen clay, resulting in the formulation of a series of correlation curves. The relationship between the changes in CDS affected by different temperatures and water contents were analyzed. The CDS under the plastic stability and plastic creep limits showed a slowly increasing trend with decreasing temperatures and a slowly decreasing trend with increasing water contents.

Calculation of heat consumption for dissociation gas combustion products

The influence of temperature and partial pressure on the dissociation of carbon dioxide and water vapor is considered. An original analytical method for determining the degree of dissociation of CO2 and H2O is proposed. The calculation of dissociation parameters was carried out in relation to the conditions of gas combustion in a glass furnace. It has been established that the temperature range of 1500‒1800 oC, corresponding to the operating conditions of glass melting furnaces, is characterized by a relatively low degree of dissociation of CO2 and H2O: 4.23 and 1,26 %, respectively. As a consequence, the relative heat costs for dissociation are insignificant and do not exceed 2,48 %. The degree of dissociation and heat consumption for the endothermic effect increase most intensively at the temperature of the gas combustion products above 1800 °C.

Ceramic composite materials based on the MAX phase Ti3SiC2 obtained by SHS extrusion

Compact cylindrical rods 220 mm long and 4 mm in diameter, consisting of a ceramic composite material based on the MAX phase Ti3SiC2, strengthened by TiC and TiB2 particles, were obtained during the combustion of the initial components (titanium, silicon, soot and boron) in the SHS mode followed by high-temperature deformation. These conditions were implemented in the SHS extrusion method. The influence of the initial composition on the structure, phase composition and mechanical characteristics (nanohardness, elastic modulus, bending strength) of the resulting materials has been established. It has been established that the formation of the Ti3SiC2 MAX phase occurs at the boundary with the TiC phase due to the diffusion of silicon under the influence of high temperatures (up to 1980‒2125 °C) accompanying the SHS extrusion process.

The contact angle and structure of water on the graphite‐like substrate: A classical density functional approach

AbstractThe influences of temperature and water−graphite interaction energy on the contact angle (θ) and structure of water on the graphite‐like substrate have been investigated using the classical density functional theory. We find that the temperature‐dependent behavior of cosθ is contingent upon the water−graphite interaction energy, manifesting in three distinct patterns: increasing, decreasing, or remaining nearly invariant with temperature within the examined range (273.16–640K). Furthermore, a novel simple equation has been derived to describe the temperature‐dependent variation of cosθ at constant water−graphite interaction energy, that is, , where is the water−vapor interfacial tension, and the value of depends on the water−graphite interaction energy. According to different values of , this equation is able to successfully represent the three aforementioned patterns. At last, the density profile and hydrogen bonding structure of water near the substrate have been analyzed to offer microscopic insights.

Investigation of early-age concrete strength development using a contactless ultrasonic method

ABSTRACT The compressive strength of early aged concrete was estimated using obtained shear modulus derived by leaky Rayleigh wave velocity. To obtain shear modulus without interference from other factors, a unique testing configuration was implemented using a contactless ultrasonic method, which offers the advantages of being non-invasive and non-destructive. A parametric study was conducted to examine the influence of material properties and air temperature on the development of leaky wave velocity in a joint half-space. The results indicate that shear modulus is the primary factor influencing the increase in leaky Rayleigh wave velocity, while density and Poisson’s ratio also impact wave velocity during the curing process. Experimental validation was carried out using pin penetration tests, compressive tests, and real-time measurements of Poisson’s ratio and density, along with the contactless ultrasonic method. The results indicate that the initial velocity of the leaky Rayleigh wave is significantly influenced by the stiffness of coarse aggregates, even when the compressive strength of the specimens is identical. Additionally, the relationship between compressive strength and shear modulus shows a strong linear correlation at early ages.

Mechanism Analysis of Bubble Discharge Within Silicone Gels Under Pulsed Electric Field

Silicone gel, used in the packaging of high-voltage, high-power semiconductor devices, generates bubbles during the packaging process, which accelerates the degradation of its insulation properties. This paper establishes a testing platform for electrical treeing in silicone gel under pulsed electric fields, investigating the effect of pulse voltage amplitude on bubble development and studying the initiation and growth of electrical treeing in a silicone gel with different pulse edge times. The relationship between bubbles and electrical treeing in silicone gel materials is discussed. A two-dimensional plasma simulation model for bubble discharge in silicone gel under pulsed electric fields is developed, analyzing the internal electric field distortion caused by the response times of different ions and electrons. Additionally, the discharge current and its effects on silicone gel under pulsed electric fields are examined. By studying the influence of different pulse edge times, repetition frequencies, and temperatures on discharge current magnitude and ozone generation rates, the impact of electrical breakdown and chemical corrosion on the degradation of organic silicone gel under various operating conditions is analyzed. This study explores the macroscopic and microscopic mechanisms of dielectric performance degradation in organic silicone gel under pulsed electric fields, providing a basis for research on high-performance packaging materials and the development of high-voltage, high-power semiconductor devices.

Torrefaction Temperature Effects on Grindability of Wheat Straw Using TG-FTIR Analysis

Abstract Torrefaction used for pretreatment of biomass can enhance grindability along with significant reduction of energy consumption required for pulverization to aid in large-scale utilization of biomass energy. In this study, torrefaction experiments of wheat straw were conducted at different temperatures using an experimental furnace facility. The influence of torrefaction temperature on the grindability of resulting wheat straw was explored using a Hardgrove grindability index tester and thermogravimetric-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR). Increase in torrefaction temperature significantly enhanced the carbon content of wheat straw and decreased oxygen content to result in decreased O/C ratio from 0.66 to 0.39. The calorific value increased by 24% from 15.42 MJ/kg to 19.17 MJ/kg. Increase in torrefaction temperature from 220 °C to 269 °C increased the grindability index from 29 to 115. The grindability of wheat straw can be controlled to values similar to that of coal by tuning the torrefaction temperature. The main gas components released during torrefaction were H2O, CH4, CO2, and CO. Thermogravimetric data showed 29% solid residue from the raw wheat straw. Increase in torrefaction temperature increased the solid residue to 41%. Pyrolysis of wheat straw at different torrefaction temperatures can be grouped into three stages of dehydration, rapid pyrolysis, and carbonization. This study reveals effective large-scale utilization of torrefied wheat straw biomass having high heating value of the solid fuel after torrefaction pretreatment.

The impact of meteorological conditions on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in different microclimatic zones of low-latitude mountainous areas

IntroductionEpidemiological evidence suggests cerebrovascular disease (CVD) incidence is correlated to meteorological conditions. However, research on the primary meteorological factors influencing the incidence of CVD and their influence thresholds in low-latitude mountainous regions remains insufficient. We aimed to investigate the association between meteorological conditions and CVD occurrence in Guizhou province.MethodsUtilizing daily incidence cases for CVD alongside concurrent meteorological data from four microclimate representative stations in Guizhou Province during 2021-2022, we firstly performed random forest and decision tree analysis to identify the significant meteorological factors influencing the incidence of CVD, and then we applied distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) to assess the effect of meteorological factors on CVD incidence.ResultsCritical meteorological factors associated with CVD incidence include diurnal temperature range (DTR), temperature change between neighboring days (TCN), diurnal pressure range (DPR), pressure change between neighboring days (PCN), and minimum temperature. The risk of CVD incidence markedly increased with narrow DTR, positive TCN, and colder conditions. The thresholds of minimum temperature and TCN droped with the decrease of annual average temperature in microclimate zone. In the middle subtropical region of Jiangkou, the northern subtropical region of Xishui, and the warm temperate region of Shuicheng, there was a risk of CVD when the minimum temperature falled below 12.2°C, 10.7°C, and 6.7°C, respectively. When TCN exceeded the critical threshold (0.2°C in Shuicheng, 0.3°C in Xishui, and 0.4°C in Jiangkou and Ceheng), the risk of CVD incidence increased linearly. DPR and PCN displayed varied thresholds across different microclimate without consistent patterns. DPR in middle subtropical region of Jiangkou and warm temperate region of Shuicheng played a protective role, while the risk of the disease increased linearly when DPR was lower than 3.2 hPa and 2.7 hPa in south subtropical region of Ceheng and north subtropical region of Xishui, respectively. The short-term effects within 5 days with small DTR and narrow positive TCN were more obvious. The thresholds and lag times of other meteorological environmental factors remained indistinct in the four microclimate zones.DiscussionOur findings delineated the common characteristics of the effect on the incidence of CVD of meteorological environments in various microclimate zones, and clarified the influence of minimum temperature and TCN exhibited spatial heterogeneity, Which may be assistance for meteorological risk forecasting in CVD prevention and control.

A temperature dependent analytical model & performance evaluation of triple-material dielectric-pocket gate-all-around MOSFET

In current article, an analytical model of a Triple-Material Dielectric-Pocket Gate-All-Around (TM-DP-GAA) MOSFET has been presented for elevated temperature conditions. The numerical model of surface potential has been developed for temperatures ranging from 300 to 700 K. The influence of temperature on the drain current, threshold voltage and subthreshold swing has been investigated. The performance of GAA MOSFET and TM-DP-GAA MOSFET has been compared for 30 nm channel length. The TM-DP-GAA MOSFET exhibits lower subthreshold swing, higher transconductance, high drain current and reduced leakage current in comparison to the other semiconductor devices. It has also been noticed that with increasing temperature, the variation in subthreshold current and subthreshold swing is minimal. The subthreshold swing improves by 12.42% over the DPGAA MOSFET. The dielectric pocket-based MOSFET is more resistant to temperature variation.The device simulation is performed using Silvaco TCAD.

The Influence of Temperature on Rheological Parameters and Energy Efficiency of Digestate in a Fermenter of an Agricultural Biogas Plant

This investigation specifically aims to enhance the understanding of digestate flow and mixing behavior across typical temperatures in bioreactors in agricultural biogas plants, facilitating energy-efficient mixing. Experimental tests confirmed that digestate exhibits non-Newtonian characteristics, allowing its flow behavior to be captured by rheological models. This study validated that digestate rheology significantly varies with temperature, which influences flow resistance, mixing efficiency and overall energy requirements. Two rheological models—the Bingham and Ostwald models—were applied to characterize digestate behavior, with the Ostwald model emerging as the most effective for Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations, given its balance between predictive accuracy and computational efficiency. Specifically, results suggest that, while three-parameter models, like the Herschel–Bulkley model, offer high precision, their computational intensity is less suitable for large-scale modeling where efficiency is paramount. The small increase in the accuracy of the shearing process description does not compensate for the significant increase in CFD calculation time. Higher temperatures were found to reduce flow resistance, which in turn enables increased flow rates and more extensive mixing zones. This enhanced mass transfer and mixing potential at elevated temperatures are especially pronounced in peripheral areas of the bioreactor, farthest from the agitators. By contributing a model for rheological behavior under realistic bioreactor conditions, this study supports the optimization of energy use in biogas production. These findings emphasize that temperature adjustments within bioreactors could serve as a reliable control strategy to maintain optimal production conditions while minimizing operational costs.

Hydrothermal treatment of septic sludge: Revealing temperature-sensitive dissolved organic matter and potential toxicity relationships in the hydrothermal liquid

Hydrothermal treatment of septic sludge can result in the transfer of significant amounts of dissolved organic matter (DOM) into the hydrothermal liquid (HL). However, there is a lack of research exploring the relationship between temperature-sensitive fractions of DOM in HL and ecological risks. In this study, spectroscopic techniques combining two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS), self-organizing maps (SOM) and structural equation modeling (SEM), respectively, were employed to investigate temperature-sensitive DOM and its potential correlation with phytotoxicity at five process temperatures (180–340 °C). The findings revealed that DOM content peaked at 260 °C, measuring 7625 mg·CL−1. At peak levels, the concentrations of chemical oxygen demand, ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus in the HL reached 16900 mg L−1, 34.8 mg L−1, 1920 mg L−1 and 756 mg L−1, respectively. Results from EEM-PARAFAC-SOM indicated that temperature significantly influences the variations in fluorescent components within DOM. Additionally, 2D-COS analysis identified conjugated structures and critical turning points at 220 °C and 300 °C. Notably, the -CO-NH- functional group, which is closely associated with aromatic protein II, exhibited the highest sensitivity to temperature changes. Wheat seed germination experiments revealed that the DOM sample at 180 °C exhibited the most pronounced inhibition of wheat root length, while demonstrating the least effect on germination. In contrast, seed growth was most severely impaired at 340 °C. SEM analysis revealed the influence of temperature—both direct and indirect—on the properties of DOM, identifying aromatic protein I as the primary determinant limiting seed germination. This research provides valuable insights for the management and utilization of HL.

Analysis of the influence of configuration parameters on the electric field distribution of the main insulation structure of valve‐side winding of converter transformer considering electro‐thermal coupling

AbstractThe variation of configuration parameters in the insulation structure of transformers significantly impacts the distribution of electric fields. Current research on electric field distribution calculations often overlooks the influence of electric field intensity and temperature on this distribution. However, considering that the direct current conductivity of oil‐paper materials is easily affected by both electric field intensity and temperature, any changes in their conductivity will inevitably affect the electric field distribution. Therefore, this paper incorporates the influence of electric field intensity and temperature on the calculation process of the electric field distribution in the main insulation structure of the valve‐side winding. Additionally, it calculates the distribution of multi‐fields for a wide range of structural configuration parameters. Consequently, the influence law of insulation structure configuration parameters on the electric field distribution of the main insulation structure of valve‐side winding for converter transformer when considering electro‐thermal coupling is obtained. This finding can serve as a crucial reference for designing and optimising converter transformers.

Theoretical analyses of the performance parameters of PEM fuel cells at various operating temperatures and pressures

In the present study, the performance parameters for a single-cell PEM fuel cell with 50 cm2 active surface area and 0.0178 cm polymer membrane thickness at 4 different operating temperatures (303, 323, 343, and 363 K) and 4 different operating pressures (3, 6, 9, and 12 atm) was investigated by theoretical analysis. Hydrogen and oxygen partial pressures, membrane resistivity, internal resistance, activation, ohmic and concentration losses, cell voltage, power density, and thermal efficiency were calculated using this analysis. It has been observed that the augmentation of temperature and pressure in the fuel cell leads to a favorable increase in cell voltage, power density, and thermal efficiency. The thermal efficiency values were found to be 23% and 39%, respectively at the following conditions: temperatures of 303 K and 363 K, current density of 1 A/cm2, and constant pressure. At the same current density, the thermal efficiency is 29% and 32% at 3 atm and 12 atm operating pressures at a constant temperature. When operated under constant current density and temperature conditions, an increase in the operating pressure of the PEMFC from 3 atm to 12 atm results in a corresponding increase in cell voltage, from 0.4422 V to 0.4755 V, respectively. It was observed that the influence of temperature on the thermal efficiency of the PEM fuel cell was led to be higher than the influence of pressure.

Effects of temperature experienced across life stages on morphology and flight behavior of painted lady butterflies (Vanessa cardui)

BackgroundWith ongoing anthropogenic climate change, there is increasing interest in how organisms are affected by higher temperatures, including how animals respond behaviorally to increasing temperatures. Movement behavior is especially relevant, as the ability of a species to shift its range is implicitly dependent upon movement capacity and motivation. Temperature may influence movement behavior of ectotherms both directly, through an increase in body temperature, and indirectly, through temperature-dependent effects on physiological and morphological traits.MethodsWe investigated the influence of ambient temperature during two life stages, larval and adult, on body size and movement behavior of the painted lady butterfly (Vanessa cardui). We reared painted ladies to emergence at either a “low” (24 °C) or “high” (28 °C) temperature. At eclosion, we assessed flight behavior in an arena test. We used a full factorial experimental design in which half of the adults that emerged from each rearing treatment were tested at either the “low” or “high” temperature. We measured adult body size, including wingspan, and determined flight speed, distance, and duration from video recordings.ResultsAdult butterflies that experienced the higher temperature during development were larger. We documented an interaction of rearing x testing temperature on flight behavior: unexpectedly, the fastest butterflies were those who experienced a change in temperature, whether an increase or decrease, between rearing and testing. Individuals that experienced matching thermal environments flew more slowly, but for more time and covering more distance. We found no influence of body size per se on flight.ConclusionsWe conclude that the potential role of “matching” thermal environments across life stages has been underinvestigated with regard to how organisms may respond to warming conditions.