Influence Of Wheat Bran Research Articles

In-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of lipopeptide against drug resistant Vibrio species

BackgroundThe unrestricted application of antibiotics increased antimicrobial resistance in bacteria through horizontal gene transfer of resistant genes from the pathogenic sources and the evolution of multi-drug resistance organisms. The application of antibiotics caused severe risk to human health because animals may transmit diseases to humans. Hence, the search of novel antimicrobial agents from microbial sources is an urgent need. MethodsA lipopeptide producing stain SU05 was isolated from the pond water by serial dilution method. The lipopeptide yield was improved after optimization method and the yield was analyzed using High Performance Liquid chromatography. The influence of wheat bran (0.5%–2.5%) and rice bran (0.5%–2.5%), pH (5.5–8.5), temperature (25–40 °C) were screened to improve the production of lipopeptides by stain SU05 in submerged fermentation. Antibacterial activity of crude lipopeptide was tested against Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio salmonicida, Vibrio septicus, Vibrio fischeri, and Vibrio splendidus. The influence of lipopeptide on enzymes and antimicrobial property was analyzed. ResultsLipopeptide production was improved after nutrient supplements and optimization of physical factors. Lipopeptide showed potent activity against multi-drug resistant bacterial strains such as, V. anguillarum, V. harveyi, V. vulnificus, V. salmonicida, V. septicus, V. fischeri, and V. splendidus. Lipopeptide shows stability on various enzymes and this clearly revealed that the purified lipopeptide was highly stable in the presence of proteolytic enzymes. The findings suggest that lipopeptide SU05 characterized from the bacteria can survive at acidic environment in the intestine, and could be used to formulate fish feed. ConclusionsThe finding showed that the characterized lipopepties synthesized by B. amyloliquefaciens SU05 had a broad spectrum antibiotic potential against multidrug resistant Vibriosis causing bacterial pathogens. They were highly stable at broad temperature and pH ranges. These results demonstrated stability of lipopeptide at extreme conditions. The stability and activity of lipopeptide at extreme climatic condition is also useful for the application in pharmaceutical and food processing industries.

Influence of wheat bran on quality indicators of a sour milk beverage

Our experimental research revealed that in order to improve consistency during storage of sour milk beverages, it is necessary to ensure the binding of free moisture through the use of natural stabilizers, thickeners and the substances that perform a similar function. Among many tested ingredients of this group of substances, the stabilizing systems based on natural components of plant and animal origin were selected for implementation and preferred for usage. Analysis of the information sources shows lack of data on the use of wheat bran in the technologies of sour milk beverages. That is why there is an objective need to create new kinds of sour milk beverages, specifically, kefir with the use of wheat bran. Consumption of such functional products guarantees the elimination of malnutrition, replenishment of the organism with necessary components. The influence of wheat bran on quality indicators of the sour milk beverage was studied. It was found that the sour milk drink with wheat bran with fat content of 2.5 % by physical and chemical indicators meets the requirements of standard DSTU 4417:2005. Kefir. Technical specifications. Studying the organoleptic indicators of the beverage using wheat bran revealed its clean sour milk taste and smell. The total amount of amino acids in the drink with wheat bran increased by 15.08 %, the amount of essential amino acids – by 10.57 %, and that of nonessential amino acids – by 18.24 %. The identified changes in the amino acid composition of the drink with wheat bran indicate that the use of wheat bran in manufacturing sour milk beverages allows increasing their nutritional and biological value of the protein component. The sour milk drink with wheat bran is a medical and prophylactic product because it contains dietary fibers, which are a valuable energy additive.

Fortification of Al-Jameed Bouillon by Adding Barley and Wheat Bran and Study its Effect on Chemical and Sensory Properties

The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of wheat bran and barley fortification at different levels (3, 5 and 7%) on the percentage of fiber in Jameed that can reduce intestinal cholesterol absorption and other nutrients and study its effect onash, protein content and sensory attribute of this product. The results have shown that all levels of wheat bran and barley increase fiber, ash and protein percentage in Al-jameed Bouillon. The highest percentage of fiber, ash and protein were at level 7% wheat bran and for 7%barley evidence to the result, comparing with control sample. The sensory attributes were almost improved as a result of using the fiber (barley and wheat bran) at different levels.

Influence of wheat bran as a silage additive on chemical composition, in situ degradability and in vitro gas production of citrus pulp silage

The effect of wheat bran (WB) as a silage additive on chemical composition, in situ degradability and in vitro gas production of citrus pulp silage (CPS) was investigated. The whole fresh citrus pulp was manually chopped and used as untreated or treated with 6, 12, or 18 g WB/kg fresh citrus pulp for ensiling. The data were analyzed in a completely randomized design that showed experimental treatments had no significant effect on DM% of silages but with increasing WB, crude protein (CP%) linearly and quadratically increased (P 0.05). Result showed that with increasing WB, NDF concentration linearly increased (P 0.05). The fractional degradation rate ( c ) with increasing of WB significantly increased (P 0.05). Potential gas production ( b ) and fractional rate of gas production ( c ) demonstrated a linear and quadratic relationship (P < 0.05) with increasing WB. The organic matter digestibility (OMD), net energy (NEl), metabolisable energy (ME) and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were significantly different between control group and treatments with WB (P < 0.05). This data suggest that the addition of WB to CPS can improve the nutritional value of citrus pulp silage without any adverse effects on this by-product. Keywords: Aerobic stability, citrus pulp silage, silage additive, degradability

The influence of wheat bran and pectin on the distribution of water in rat caecal contents and faeces.

Wheat bran and pectin (100 g/kg) were added to a basal diet and fed to rats. An in vitro dialysis technique was used to measure the distribution of caecal and faecal water between the bound, i.e. that held by bacteria and undigested macromolecules, and free water. Bran increased wet (67%) and dry (74%) faecal weight. Pectin increased wet faecal weight (59%), but did not influence dry weight. In faeces both bran and pectin increased the amount of total and bound water, but only pectin increased total and bound water when expressed on a dry weight basis. Caecal wet (90%) and dry (67%) weights increased with pectin but not with bran. Bran did not change total water but increased bound water whereas pectin increased both. This suggests that water contributed more to the increase in stool bulk in the pectin-supplemented animals due to free and bound water associated with both increased numbers of bacteria and residual pectin. Pectin altered the distribution of water in faeces. Bran has no effect on water distribution and is only partly fermented. The residual water-holding capacity leads to an increased wet and dry stool output.

Wheat Bran and Corn Oil Do Not Influence Proliferation in the Colon of Healthy Rats when Energy Intakes Are Equivalent

Dietary intakes of fiber (wheat bran) and fat (corn oil) by rats were quantitatively varied for 6 wk while intakes of energy and essential nutrients were constant among the diets. The influence of wheat bran and corn oil levels on colonic epithelial cell proliferation was assessed using [3H]thymidine incorporation assays. Cellular proliferation in the cecum, proximal colon and distal colon was not significantly higher when healthy rats consumed low fiber in comparison to high fiber diets, nor when healthy rats consumed high fat diets in comparison to low fat diets. Additionally, there were no significant interactions between these variables. In comparison to the low fiber diets, diets high in fiber caused a significantly lower pH of luminal contents of the cecum and distal colon, but there were no significant differences in the total short-chain fatty acid concentrations of cecal digesta. These results suggest that when energy intakes are equivalent among diets, low levels of fiber or high levels of fat in the diet do not cause biological changes in colonic mucosa that may be associated with increased risk of colonic cancer.

Influence of wheat bran on NMU-induced mammary tumor development, plasma estrogen levels and estrogen excretion in female rats

In our animal experiments the hypothesis was tested that a high-fiber (HF) diet reduces tumor promotion by interruption of the enterohepatic circulation resulting in lowered estrogen exposure of the estrogen-sensitive tissue. In the first experiment the development of N- nitrosomethylurea (NMU) induced mammary tumors was investigated. One group of rats (HF) was fed a HF diet (11% fibe, based on wheat bran), the other group (LF) fed a low-fiber diet (0.5% fiber, based on white wheat flour). Tumor incidence (90 and 80%, respectively) and latency (121 and 128 days, respectively) were similar in the HF and LF groups. Compared to the LF group, HF rats had lower tumor weights (0.16 vs 0.55 g; P < 0.01) and a slightly lower tumor multiplicity (1.8 vs 2.8 tumors per tumor-bearing rat). These differences were reduced after adjustment for body weight. In a second experiment rats, not treated with the carcinogen, were kept on the same HF and LF diets. From these rats 24-h urine and feces and orbital blood samples were collected for analysis of (un)conjugated estrogens. The excretion of both free and conjugated estrogens in fecal samples was about 3-fold higher in HF rats than in LF rats. During the basal period of the cycle urinary excretion of estrone was lower in HF rats (mean 9.7 ng/day) than in LF rats (mean 13.0 ng/day; P < 0.05). It is concluded that wheat rain interrupts the enterohepatic circulation of estrogens, but plasma levels are not affected. Whether the development of mammary tumors is reduced by the introduction of specific components of wheat bran, or by a reduced body weight due to a lower (effective) energy intake remains to be determined.

The effect of wheat bran on the excretion of cadmium in rats.

The influence of wheat bran as a source of dietary fibre on the excretion of ingested cadmium from diet was studied. The cadmium contents in the diets, faeces, urine, liver, kidney and spleen were determined, as well as the weight gains, the relative weights of the cited organs, and the levels of alkaline phosphatase in serum. No evidence is provided that an increasing portion of wheat bran in the diets induced an increase in cadmium excretion. Changes in the studied toxicity parameters were not found.

The Influence of Wheat Bran and Sugar-Beet Pulp on the Digestibility of Dietary Components in a Cereal-Based Pig Diet

The influence of added wheat bran or dried sugar-beet pulp on the apparent digestion of dietary components was examined in pigs fitted with duodenal and terminal ileal cannulas. The pigs were fed a basal cereal-based diet alone or substituted at a level of 33% by wheat bran or beet pulp. Neither fibrous component influenced the digestibility of starch, but inclusion of beet pulp decreased dry matter content and digestibility of ash, protein and fat in the ileum and fecal digestibility of fat. Between 11 and 37% of the nonstarch polysaccharides were degraded anterior to the ileum, and the percentage of beet pulp diet nonstarch polysaccharides that was soluble increased from 11% in the feed to 35% at the ileum. Xylose and glucose were the least degraded nonstarch polysaccharide residues in all three diets, and the non-starch polysaccharide residues varied in susceptibility to breakdown within and between diets, depending on the composition of the fiber. Almost 50% of the beet pulp, but less than 20% of the wheat bran, was degraded in the large intestine. The inclusion of wheat bran and beet pulp increased fecal output by 127 and 56%, respectively.

Influence of wheat bran on some reductive and hydrolytic activities of the rat cecal flora.

For 30 days, male weanling rats were fed a semipurified, fiber-free diet or a diet that contained 5, 15, or 30% (wt/wt) wheat bran. The activities of four cecal microbial enzymes were determined. Wheat bran significantly increased the wet weight content of the cecum and total bacterial count per cecum at the intermediate- and high-treatment levels, but it had no effect on bacterial concentration per gram wet weight of cecal contents. Total beta-glucosidase and beta-glucuronidase activities per cecum were generally increased. Wheat bran decreased total nitrate reductase activity, but there was no change in total nitroreductase activity. Wheat bran significantly decreased enzyme activities for nitro-and nitrate reduction per gram of cecal contents but increased beta-glucosidase activity. The activities of the enzymes per 10(11) bacteria followed a similar pattern to that noted per gram of cecal contents. Such fiber-dependent changes in enzyme activity may alter the steady-state concentration of toxic and genotoxic chemicals in the lumen of the hindgut.