Influence Of Weight Change Research Articles

Incident gout and weight change patterns: a retrospective cohort study of US adults

BackgroundAlthough the relationship between obesity and incident gout has been clarified, the influence of weight changes during the transition from early adulthood to midlife and the different weight change patterns in specific age ranges on the incidence of gout in later life remain unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between weight change patterns across adulthood and incident gout.MethodsUsing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we categorized individuals into four weight change patterns: those who remained obese (stable obese), those who moved from a non-obese body mass index (BMI) to an obese BMI (gaining), those who moved from an obese BMI to a non-obese BMI (losing), and those who remained non-obese (stable non-obese). Incident gout reflected its occurrence over the 10-year follow-up from the recalled midlife weight measure to the time of this survey. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals relating weight change patterns to incident gout over the 10-year follow-up period were calculated using Cox models adjusted for covariates. The hypothetical population attributable fraction (PAF) for the weight change patterns was calculated.ResultsAmong our sample of adults aged 40–74 years at their midlife weight measure (n = 11,079), 320 developed gout. The highest risk of incident gout was found for participants with the stable obese pattern (HR 1.84; 1.08–3.14) and not for participants who remained stable non-obese during adulthood. Moreover, gaining weight was a significant risk factor for incident gout (HR 1.65; 1.19–2.29). No significant associations were found between losing weight change patterns and the risk of gout during the study period. If participants who gained weight had become non-obese during the 10-year follow-up, an estimated 3.2% (95% CI 0–6.3) of observed gout cases could have been averted. In addition, if the population had maintained a normal BMI, 32.9% (95% CI 18.2–44.9) cases could have been prevented during the 10 years.ConclusionsGaining weight over adulthood was associated with an increased risk of gout. These findings have highlighted that maintaining non-obese weight and weight loss across adulthood is essential for the prevention and treatment of gout in adult life.

Changes of body composition and circulating neopterin, omentin-1, and chemerin in response to thylakoid-rich spinach extract with a hypocaloric diet in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized controlled trial.

This trial evaluated the effects of thylakoid-rich spinach extract supplementation combined with a hypocaloric diet on body composition and serum levels of neopterin, chemerin, and omentin-1 in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In this randomized controlled trial, 48 obese women with PCOS, aged 20-45 years old, were recruited and randomly divided into thylakoid (n= 24) and placebo (n= 24) groups. They received a low-calorie diet with 5g/day thylakoid-rich spinach extract or a low-calorie diet with 5 g/day placebo for 12 weeks. The mean age of the participants of the thylakoid group was 31.86 years, and the placebo group was 32.04 years. Thylakoid-rich spinach extract supplementation with a low-calorie diet increased serum levels of omentin-1 (10.90 vs. 3.87 ng/L; p< .001) and decreased fat mass (-5.19 vs. -1.35 kg; p< .001) and serum levels of neopterin (-0.66 vs. -0.38 nmol/L; p= .003) and chemerin (-41.24 vs. -11.26 ng/L; p< .001) in the thylakoid group compared to the placebo group. A significant improvement in omentin-1, chemerin, and neopterin by thylakoid-rich spinach extract supplementation was under the influence of weight change and insulin resistance status throughout the study. A significant decrease in the other anthropometric indices and insulin resistance was also observed in the thylakoid group, compared to the placebo group (p< .001, for all parameters). Thylakoid-rich spinach extract combined with a low-calorie diet increased circulating omentin-1 and decreased fat mass, abdominal obesity, as well as circulating chemerin, neopterin, and insulin in obese women with PCOS.

Abstract LB-158: Weight change in adulthood and colorectal adenoma incidence in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial

Abstract Obesity is a known risk factor for colorectal cancer, but the influence of weight change during one's lifetime on colorectal adenoma, precursor to colorectal cancer, is less understood. We prospectively investigated the association between weight change in different time periods in adulthood and the risk of colorectal adenoma. We included 1,041 incident distal colorectal adenoma cases (negative on baseline trial flexible sigmoidoscopy screen and positive on follow-up trial sigmoidoscopy screen 3-5 years later) and 16,394 controls (negative on both trial screens) from the screening arm of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. We required participants to have no history of colorectal polyps, other colon comorbidities or cancer. Using self-reported weight data at trial baseline, we estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for early-late (age 20-baseline, i.e. ages 55-74), early-middle (age 20-50) and middle-late (age 50-baseline) adulthood weight change with colorectal adenoma using logistic regression. We defined the weight stable group (referent) as weight loss &amp;lt;0.5 kg/5 years or weight gain ≤1 kg/5 years. We defined the weight loss group as those who lost ≥0.5 kg/5 years. We included three weight gain groups: &amp;gt;1 to ≤2, &amp;gt;2 to ≤3 and &amp;gt;3 kg/5 years. We adjusted models for starting BMI (age 20 or 50), age, sex, race, smoking and other factors including diet. Compared to weight stable participants, weight loss in early-late adulthood was inversely associated with colorectal adenoma (OR=0.6, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.3-0.9); results were similar for early-middle adulthood (OR=0.5, 95% CI: 0.3-0.8), but less pronounced for middle-late adulthood (OR=0.8, 95% CI: 0.7-1.0). Early-late adulthood weight gain of &amp;gt;3 kg/5 years was associated with higher odds of adenoma (OR=1.3, 95% CI: 1.1-1.6); results were similar for middle-late adulthood (OR=1.2, 95% CI: 1.0-1.4), but less pronounced for early-middle adulthood (OR=1.1, 95% CI: 0.9-1.3). We observed some evidence of a stronger association for men than women (for early-late adulthood weight gain &amp;gt;3 kg/5 years, OR for men=1.4, 95% CI: 1.1-1.8; OR for women=1.1, 95% CI: 0.8-1.5), although the interaction was not statistically significant (p-int=0.65). When we stratified by starting BMI, we observed a significantly decreased risk of colorectal adenoma with weight loss from early-late adulthood among those who were overweight/obese at age 20 (OR=0.4, 95% CI: 0.2-0.9). Findings suggest that weight loss in adulthood for those who are overweight/obese is associated with a reduced risk of colorectal adenoma. In addition, our results suggest that a modest rate of weight gain in adulthood of &amp;gt;3 kg/5 years is associated with an increased risk of colorectal adenoma. These findings underscore the importance of healthy weight maintenance in adulthood in preventing colorectal adenoma. Citation Format: Shisi He, Sonja I. Berndt, Andrew T. Kunzmann, Cari M. Kitahara, Wen-Yi Huang, Kathryn Hughes Barry. Weight change in adulthood and colorectal adenoma incidence in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-158.

Prognostic Impact of Weight Change During Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients With High-Risk Early Breast Cancer: Results From the ADEBAR Study

BackgroundIn addition to established prognostic factors, individual lifestyle-associated factors, such as obesity, physical activity, and diet, seem to modulate the course of breast cancer. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the influence of weight changes during adjuvant chemotherapy on outcome in a large multicenter prospectively randomized trial. Patients and MethodsThe ADEBAR trial compares a sequential chemotherapy consisting of epirubicin/cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel to an epirubicin/5-fluorouracil/cyclophosphamide regimen in patients with lymph node–positive early breast cancer. Body weight was measured before each cycle of chemotherapy. According to the relative weight change (≥ 5%) between the first and the last cycle, patients were categorized into the weight gain, weight loss, or stable weight group. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival were assessed by univariate Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression analyses. ResultsConcise data from 1080 of 1493 participants who completed all cycles of chemotherapy were available for analysis. Of 307 patients (24.8%) whose weight changed by ≥ 5%, 120 patients (11.1%) lost and 187 (17.3%) gained weight. Multivariate analysis showed a significant independent effect of weight change on OS (P = .039), but not on disease-free survival (P = .111). Both weight change groups had a worse OS compared to patients with stable weight (weight gain: hazard ratio, 1.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-2.40; P = .047; weight loss: hazard ratio, 1.55; 95% CI, 0.97-2.47; P = .067). ConclusionWeight change of > 5% during adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with high-risk early breast cancer is associated with poor OS.

The Influence of Weight Change on Physical Fitness from Childhood to Adolescence

ABSTRACTThe study aimed to explore how weight changes from childhood to adolescence influenced the performances of physical fitness. The participants (N = 115) were pre-tested when they were in kindergarten, first, or second grades (mean age = 7.25). The same participants were post-tested again after 6 years. The President’s Challenge test battery was used in the study. A repeated measure multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted to examine the effects of time and body mass index (BMI) change on participants’ fitness performances. Results showed that participants who maintained normal weight made greater improvements in the performances of sit-ups, flexed-arm hang, and shuttle run tests than those who became or maintained overweight/obese weight status. Additionally, children who maintained normal weight were 6.21 times more likely to achieve healthy fitness zone (HFZ) standards for the 1-mile run post-test. The findings highlight the importance of maintaining normal body weight during elementary school years in achieving better physical fitness.

Weight Change and Obesity Are Associated with a Risk of Adenoma Recurrence.

Obesity is reportedly a risk factor for colorectal adenoma. However, the influence of weight change and obesity on colorectal adenoma recurrence is unclear. To investigate whether weight change and obesity are associated with recurrence and development of colorectal adenoma. Of 62,171 asymptomatic subjects who underwent a colonoscopy for a heath checkup between 2010 and 2011, this longitudinal study was performed with the 5297 subjects who underwent another colonoscopy between 2012 and 2013. The risk of recurrence or development of adenoma according to quartiles of weight change (<-1.6, -1.6 to 0.1, 0.2-1.8, and ≥1.9kg) and baseline BMI categories (<25, 25-29, and ≥30kg/m(2)) was assessed using Cox proportional hazards modeling. The average period between visits 1 and 2 was 2.2±0.6years. Among the 2176 subjects with adenomas, the risk of recurrence of any adenoma increased with increasing weight change quartiles (p for trend=0.030), whereas the risk of recurrence of advanced adenoma was not associated with weight change (p for trend=0.852). The risk of recurrence of advanced adenoma increased with increasing baseline BMI categories (p for trend=0.029). Among 3121 subjects with no adenoma, the risk of developing any adenoma increased with increasing baseline BMI categories (p for trend <0.001). However, the risk of developing any or advanced adenoma was not associated with weight change. Weight change over 2.2years affected adenoma recurrence and obesity was related to advanced adenoma recurrence and adenoma development.

How do pregnancy-related weight changes and breastfeeding relate to maternal weight and BMI-adjusted waist circumference 7 y after delivery? Results from a path analysis

ABSTRACT Background: Reproduction has been related to long-term maternal weight gain, and changes in fat mass, with gestational weight gain, have been identified as an important contributor. However, the influence of weight changes during the whole reproductive cycle and the modifying effect of breastfeeding are unknown. Objective: The objective was to examine how prepregnancy weight, gestational weight gain, postpartum weight changes, and breastfeeding influence maternal weight and body mass index–adjusted waist circumference (WCBMI) 7 y after delivery. Design: This was a prospective cohort study of 23,701 women participating in the Danish National Birth Cohort with singleton births and no births during follow-up. Path analysis was used to assess the total, direct, and indirect effects; the latter was mediated through weight changes on the pathways. Results: Postpartum weight retention at 6 mo and weight gain from 6 to 18 mo postpartum were highly positively associated with both outcomes. A 1-kg increase in weight retention at 6 mo postpartum corresponded to an average increase of 0.5 kg at 7 y. Gestational weight gain was not associated with WCBMI but was positively associated with weight at 7 y; 87% of this effect was mediated through later weight changes. For both outcomes, a small inverse association was observed for breastfeeding duration. This was strongest for WCBMI, for which 97% of the effect was direct, ie, not mediated through postpartum weight. Conclusions: These findings show that postpartum weight retention at 6 mo and weight gain from 6 to 18 mo postpartum contribute equally to adverse maternal anthropometric measures 7 y after delivery. Breastfeeding duration may have a beneficial effect.

Prognostic impact of weight change during chemotherapy.

1072 Background: Besides established prognostic factors such as tumor size or nodal status, individual host factors of the patient such as obesity, physical activity and diet seem to modulate the course of breast cancer (BC) as well. However, the specific impact of weight change during adjuvant chemotherapy remains unclear. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the influence of weight change during chemotherapy on BC survival in a large, multi-center prospectively randomized trial. Methods: The ADEBAR trial compares two anthracycline based adjuvant chemotherapy regimen in patients (pts) with lymph node positive ( &gt; 3 positive) early BC: 4 x epirubicin (E) 90 mg/m2 + cyclophosphamide (C) 600 mg/m2 q3w followed by 4 x docetaxel 100 mg/m2 q3w versus 6 x E 60 mg/m2 + 5-FU 500 mg/m2 d1+d8 and C 75 mg/m2 d1-14 q4w. Weight was measured before each cycle. The weight before the 1st and the 6th cycle was assessed. Significant weight change was defined as increase or decrease of &gt; 5% of the initial weight. Overall survival (OS), disease free survival (DFS), and BC specific survival (BCSS) were assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results: In total, 1502 pts were included in the study. 1177 of them completed 6 cycles of chemotherapy. Out of the 350 pts (29.7%) who changed weight 142 pts (12.1%) lost and 208 pts (17.7 %) gained weight. There was a significant correlation between weight change and menopausal status (p&lt;0.0001), indicating that more premenopausal pts gained and postmenopausal pts lost weight. All other tumor characteristics were similarly distributed across the groups. Pts with weight change &gt; 5% showed a significantly worse outcome with respect to OS (p = 0.0028) and BCSS (p = 0.0258). A difference in DFS was not observed (p = 0.1917). The difference in OS was limited to pts who lost weight (p = 0.0008), whereas pts with weight gain have no significant different OS (p = 0.1246) in comparison to pts with constant weight. Conclusions: Our results suggest that weight loss during anthracycline-based treatment of early stage BC is associated with poorer OS. While weight normalization has shown beneficial effects in lifestyle intervention trials, patients should be advised not to lose weight during chemotherapy.

Perception of Weight Gain and Influence of Weight Change and Physcial Activity in Overweight Adults

Perception of Weight Gain and Influence of Weight Change and Physcial Activity in Overweight Adults

Potential influence of confounding factors (size, salinity) on biomarkers in the sentinel species Scrobicularia plana used in programmes monitoring estuarine quality

To use biomarkers in monitoring programmes, potential confounding factors must be considered. In the clam Scrobicularia plana, the influence of size and salinity on biomarkers at different levels of biological organisation has been examined. Biochemical (glutathione-S-transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, acetylcholinesterase, digestive enzymes, metallothionein), physiological (energy reserves) and behavioural (burrowing) responses were compared (a) in specimens of different sizes from the Loire estuary; (b) in specimens from the Belon estuary at two sites with salinities of 30.1 or 11.5. Amongst the biomarkers able to reveal pollution effects, several are influenced by the size of the clams (Ag, Cu, Ni and glycogen concentrations, GST and AChE activities, condition indices). Salinity differences induced variations of the same order of magnitude (GST, AChE) or even higher (lactate dehydrogenase, digestive enzymes in the crystalline style) than contamination-induced variations. In burrowing tests, the number of burrowed specimens was similar at both salinities after an experiment time <3 h. Size is a factor necessarily but easily controlled. Because the weight may be different in clams of identical size, correction factors may be used to minimise the influence of weight changes on biomarkers. A correction factor taking into account salinity levels can also be used. The protein concentrations in the clams did not differ with salinity, a very favourable outcome since all enzyme activities are classically expressed by reference to total protein concentrations. For burrowing tests, the number of burrowed specimens at a particular time is an endpoint that is preferable to measures of burrowing speed.

Weight Change and Clinical Markers of Cardiovascular Disease Risk During Preventive Treatment of Migraine

Migraine, particularly migraine with aura, and increased body weight are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The association of weight change and clinical markers of CVD risk was evaluated in subjects participating in a randomized double-blind, parallel-group study of migraine-preventive treatment comparing 100 mg/day of topiramate and amitriptyline. Individuals from both treatment groups were pooled and stratified into three groups. The 'major weight gain' group gained > or = 5% of their baseline body weight at the conclusion of the study; the 'major weight loss' group lost > or = 5% of their baseline body weight. The third group had < 5% of weight change. The influence of weight change in headache outcomes, as well as in markers of CVD (blood pressure, cholesterol, C-reactive protein), was assessed using analysis of covariance. Of 331 subjects, 52 (16%) experienced major weight gain and 56 (17%) experienced major weight loss. Weight change was not associated with differential efficacy for the treatment of headache. However, contrasted with those with major weight loss, those who gained weight experienced elevations in mean diastolic blood pressure (+2.5 vs. -1.2 mmHg), heart rate (+7.6 vs. -1.3 beats per minute), glycosylated haemoglobin (+0.09% vs. -0.04%), total cholesterol (+6.4 vs. -6.3 mg/dl), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (+7.0 vs. -4.4 mg/dl) and triglycerides (+15.3 vs. -10.4 mg/dl) and an increase in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (+1.8 vs. -1.9 mg/l). Both groups experienced decreases in systolic blood pressure (-4.0 vs. -1.3 mmHg) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-3.7 vs. -0.8 mg/dl). Increased weight during migraine treatment is not associated with poor headache treatment outcomes, but is associated with deterioration of CVD risk markers.

The impact of visceral fat in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: cross-sectional and longitudinal studies

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is increasing worldwide, and attention is being paid to its association with obesity and metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of visceral fat accumulation in hepatic steatosis by cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. We enrolled 125 patients in a cross-sectional study and 28 patients in a longitudinal study and examined visceral and subcutaneous fat thickness, hepatic steatosis score, and biochemical parameters. In the longitudinal study, the influence of weight change on fat distribution and hepatic steatosis was investigated. In the cross-sectional study, the severity of hepatic steatosis showed a significant positive correlation with body mass index, visceral fat thickness, serum albumin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), cholinesterase, fasting insulin, and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. ALT, visceral fat thickness, and serum albumin were independent factors for hepatic steatosis. In the longitudinal study, visceral fat thickness fluctuated closely with changes in body weight, and had the strongest relationship with the change of hepatic steatosis by multivariate analysis. Visceral fat was the most important factor for the development of hepatic steatosis. Visceral fat thickness can be measured by sonography easily, noninvasively, and repeatedly for assessment of central obesity and monitoring of the efficacy of treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

What Is the Influence of Weight Change on Forearm Bone Mineral Density in Peri- and Postmenopausal Women? The Health Study of Nord-Trøndelag, Norway

Weight loss in the elderly increases bone loss and the risk of fractures, especially at the hip and spine. The influence of weight change on non-weight-bearing parts of the skeleton is less well known. The purpose of this study was to investigate an association between weight change during the peri- and postmenopausal years and forearm bone mineral density (BMD). Among 8,856 women aged 45-60 years attending the first Health Study of Nord-Trøndelag, Norway (HUNT I, 1984-1986), a random sample of 2,795 women was invited to forearm densitometry (single x-ray absorptiometry technology) at HUNT II (1995-1997), after a mean period of 11.3 years. A total of 2,005 women (mean age: 65.1 years) were eligible. The mean weight had increased 3.4 kg; the gain was greater in the youngest women. A total of 382 women (19.1%) had lost and 1,331 women (66.3%) had gained weight. Weight change explained little of the BMD variance, 0.7% and 0.4% for weight loss and weight gain, respectively. Weight loss was an independent and statistically significant negative predictor of BMD, adjusted for body weight, age, age at menopause, smoking, and ovarian hormone treatment, particularly among women with a baseline body mass index greater than 25 kg/m2. No independent association between weight gain and forearm BMD was found.

Weight changes during chemotherapy for breast cancer.

Patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer have a tendency to gain weight. This tendency has determining factors not completely defined and an unknown prognostic impact. To evaluate weight change during chemotherapy for breast cancer in a defined population and to identify its predisposing factors and possible prognostic significance. Observational, retrospective cohort study. Private clinical oncology service. 106 consecutive patients with breast cancer treated between June 1994 and April 2000, who received neoadjuvant (n = 8), adjuvant (n = 74) or palliative (n = 24) chemotherapy. Review of medical records and gathering of clinical information, including patients' body weights before treatment and at follow-up reviews. Body weight change, expressed as percentage of body weight per month in treatment; role of clinical data in weight change; and influence of weight change in overall survival and disease-free survival. There was a mean increase of 0.50 +/- 1.42% (p = 0.21) of body weight per month of treatment. We noted a negative correlation between metastatic disease and weight gain (r = -0.447, p < 0.0001). In the adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy groups there was a mean weight gain of 0.91 +/- 1.19 % (p < 0.00001) per month, whereas in the metastatic (palliative) group, we observed a mean loss of 0.52 +/- 1.21% (p = 0.11) of body weight per month during the treatment. We did not observe any statistically significant correlation between weight changes and disease-free survival or overall survival. Women with breast cancer undergoing adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy gain weight, whereas metastatic cancer patients will probably lose weight during palliative chemotherapy. Further studies are needed in order to evaluate the prognostic significance of weight changes during chemotherapy.

Prediction of Reduction in Predialysis Concentrations due to Interdialysis Weight Gain

There is little quantitative information about the influence of weight change before and during hemodialysis on the concentration of proteins, lipoproteins, lipids, enzymes and other dialysis-resistant compounds in blood. We studied the concentration of 12 such compounds before and at the end of high-flux hemodialyses, 1.5 h after the start and 1, 2 and 3 h postdialysis and have developed formulae for roughly predicting the near steady-state 2-3 h postdialysis concentration. For hemoglobin, albumin, total protein and total cholesterol, the relationship of mean change in concentration to weight loss in groups was linear, and the % increase in concentration correlation correlated with % weight reduction (r = 0.64-0.81 and p = 0.002-0.0002). Correlations with ultrafiltration rate were comparable. By 3 h postdialysis values were relatively stable; the average fall in concentration for theses 4 compounds was 25% from end dialysis. The simplest formula we found which roughly predicts the % increase in concentration from predialysis to 3 h postdialysis is to multiply the % loss in body weight in kg during dialysis by 3.3. More accurate formulae were developed using combined and specific regression equations relating % weight loss during dialysis to % concentration rise. Mean values for alkaline phosphatase, triglycerides, lipoprotein (a), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, calcium, apolipoprotein B, bilirubin and aspartate aminotransferase also rose appreciably during dialysis with significant increases for the first five. With major interdialytic weight gain, the reduction in predialysis concentrations of hemoglobin and cholesterol may be enough to inappropriately modify treatment decisions about anemia (e.g. erythropoietin) or hypercholesterolemia, and to cause false concern about the concentration of albumin for nutrition and prognosis. Major weight gain may also contribute to concentration changes in numerous other compounds resistant to dialysis.