Influence Of Weather Conditions Research Articles

Influence of Weather Conditions in the Northwestern Russian Federation on Flax Fiber Characters According to the Results of a 30-Year Study.

Weather has significant impact on plant growth and development. It is important to analyze the influence of changing climate conditions on the expression of plant agronomic characters. Two flax varieties were grown from 1987 to 2018 in the Northwest of Russia. Weather conditions and their influence on flax agronomic characters were analyzed using the variance and correlations analyses. Significant influence of conditions of a particular year on the manifestation of all evaluated characters was revealed. Starting from June, high temperatures accelerate plant development at all stages. Prolongation of the germination-flowering period is most important for improving fiber productivity, while fast ripening in hot weather after flowering is preferable for the formation of high-quality fiber. Such data give a possibility to predict the yield amount and quality. The use of weather conditions data also makes possible a comparison of the results obtained in different years. The suggested method of classifying meteorological conditions of a year can be used in other genebanks for systematizing and analyzing the results of crop evaluation in the field. The correlation analysis revealed 3 correlated pleiades, namely (1) of productivity, (2) of fiber quality and yield, and (3) of the growing season phase durations, the sums of active temperatures and precipitation during each period. The great influence of growing conditions on the economically valuable traits indicates the necessity of searching for genotypes with stable character manifestations for breeding new varieties with stable yields and good fiber quality.

Weed infestation of narrow-leaved lupine crops in grain-grass-rowed crop rotation in the North-West of Russia

The results of the long term (2012–2018) study of weed infestation of green fallow fields with narrow-leaved lupin in the crop rotation including cereals, grasses and row crops in the North-West region of Russia (Leningrad region) are presented. The assessment of weediness in the narrow-leaved lupine variety Oligarch crops was carried out annually at 24 permanent survey sites (0.1 square meter). Based on the results of the surveys, the formation of a diverse and constant species composition of weeds (from 15 to 25 species), mainly of medium and severe degree of weediness (141–593 specimens per square meter), with the proportion of young plants ranging from 90.4 to 99.7 %. The mass species of weeds were lamb’s quarters, field pansy, corn spurry, hemp-nettles, fumitory, shepherd’s purse, prevalent perennial weeds were field sowthistle, coltsfoot, red sorrel, couch grass, marsh woundwort. The prevailing influence of weather conditions and individual characteristics on the weed infestation of narrow-leaved lupine crop has been determined. The combined effect of two factors was expressed by 47.7, 57.8 and 47.1 % in terms of species abundance, initial abundance and final phytomass of weeds, respectively. Long term application of mineral fertilizers led to an increase in the number of annuals (by 1.5–1.6 times) and a decrease in the density of growth of perennial weed species (by 1.6–1.9 times). The influence of the integrated plant protection system used in the crop rotation was manifested in a significant decrease in the density of perennial weed species (by 4.6 times) in narrow-leaved lupine crop.

Open Dataset for Testing of Visual SLAM Algorithms under Different Weather Conditions

Existing datasets for testing SLAM algorithms in outdoor environments are not suitable for assessing the influence of weather conditions on localization accuracy. Obtaining a suitable dataset from the real world is difficult due to the long data collection period and the inability to exclude dynamic environmental factors. Artificially generated datasets make it possible to bypass the described limitations, but up to date, researchers have not identified testing SLAM algorithms under different weather conditions as a stand-alone task, despite the fact that it is one of the main aspects of the difference between outdoor and indoor environments. This work presents a new open dataset that consists of 36 sequences of robot movement in an urban environment or rough terrain, in the form of images from a stereo camera and the ground truth position of the robot, collected at a frequency of 30 Hz. Movement within one area occurs along a fixed route; the sequences are distinguished only by whether conditions, which can make it possible to correctly assess the influence of weather phenomena on the accuracy of localization.

Chemical Composition of Healthy and Raspberry Leaf Blotch Emaravirus-Infected Red Raspberry ‘Willamette’ Fruits

The aim of this study was to determine the changes in chemical composition of fresh red raspberry ‘Willamette’ fruits caused by the presence of raspberry leaf blotch emaravirus (RLBV). In three experimental orchards of ‘Willamette’ raspberry, fruits were harvested from RLBV-free and RLBV-infected plants in 2019 and 2020. Fruits were collected at appropriate maturity stages and further analyzed in terms of total phenolics, total anthocyanins, and selected individual phenolics. In all three experimental orchards, the phenolic profiles of the infected and uninfected fruit samples were considerably different during both studied years. Nonetheless, the intensity of the modifications varied greatly depending on the location and harvest year. Statistical analysis revealed that the influence of RLBV infection on the studied features was undeniable, although the influences of weather conditions and soil composition outweighed the influence of RLBV. Taking into consideration all the experimental and statistical data, it can be concluded that RLBV had an impact on the phenolic profile of raspberry ‘Willamette’ fruits, while sensitivity to environmental conditions and soil composition is emphasized.

Determination of the Allelic Composition of the sdw1/denso (HvGA20ox2), uzu1 (HvBRI1) and ari-e (HvDep1) Genes in Spring Barley Accessions from the VIR Collection

The lodging of barley significantly limits its potential yield, leads to the deterioration of grain quality, and complicates mechanized harvesting. More than 30 dwarfness and semi-dwarfness genes and loci are known for barley, and their involvement in breeding can solve the problem of lodging. The most common dwarfing alleles are of the genes sdw1/denso (HvGA20ox2), uzu1 (HvBRI1), and ari-e (HvDep1). The aim of this study was the design of dCAPS markers for the sdw1.c and ari-e.GP alleles and the molecular screening of barley accessions from the VIR collection for identifying these and other dwarfing alleles commonly used in breeding. Two dCAPS markers have been developed to identify the sdw1.c allele of the HvGA20ox2 gene and ari-e.GP of HvDep1. These dCAPS markers and two known from the literature CAPS and dCAPS markers of the alleles sdw1.a/sdw1.e, sdw1.c, sdw1.d, and uzu1.a were used in the molecular screening of 32 height-contrasting barley accessions. This made it possible to identify the accessions with alleles sdw1.a/sdw1.e, sdw1.c, and sdw1.d of the HvGA20ox2 gene, as well as accessions with a combination of sdw1.c and uzu1.a alleles of the genes HvGA20ox2 and HvBRI1. A comparison of the results of genotyping and phenotyping showed that the presence of dwarfing alleles in all genotypes determines high or medium lodging resistance regardless of the influence of weather conditions. Twelve accessions were found to contain the new allele sdw1.ins of the HvGA20ox2 gene, which differs from the known allele sdw1.c by a larger size of PCR products. It is characterized by the Thalos_2 transposon insertion; the subsequent GTTA insertion, common with the sdw1.c allele; and by a single-nucleotide G→A substitution at the 165 position.

Influence of weather conditions and elements of harvest structure on yield of spring triticale cultivated in organic agriculture on southern chernozem of northern Kazakhstan

The article presents the results of research on the influence of weather conditions and organic fertilizers on the elements of the crop structure and the productivity of spring triticale. The studies were carried out in the LLP " SPCGF named after A. Barayev" on southern carbonate chernozems in 2018-2021. Triticale was cultivated according to the falow. Dry above-ground mass of sweet clover, sainfoin, alfalfa, brome and wheatgrass was introduced into the fallow field as organic fertilizers. An annual decrease in the grain yield of spring triticale was noted over the years of research from 1.95 t/ha in 2018 to 1.01 t/ha in 2021. The weight of 1000 grains did not change significantly over the years of the study and ranged from 37.0-45.7 g. The number of triticale grains per unit area gradually decreased over the years of the study from a maximum in 2018 of 6951 pieces/m2 to a minimum in 2021 of 2739 pcs/m2. Variants of application of aboveground biomass of various perennial grasses as organic fertilizers had an equivalent effect on the yield of triticale and crop structure elements in comparison with the control (aboveground biomass of sweet clover). A positive correlation was obtained between the yield of triticale and HTC (according to Selyaninov) for the months of June and August, where the dependence on the variants of the experiment changed from medium to high (with June r=0.62 ... 0.94, with August r=0.64 ... 0.80). A moderate correlation was obtained between the grain yield and the HTC (according to Selyaninov) for the period June-August (r=0.59…0.78). The influence of the mass of 1000 grains on the yield was ambiguous, in some cases the relationship was weak (r=-0.21 ... -0.27) in others - medium (r=0.33 ... 0.36). A positive correlation was established between the grain yield and the number of grains per 1 m2 (r=0.61…0.94).

The influence of weather conditions on changes in the power reserve of electric scooters when driving in the city

This article examines the influence of weather conditions on changes in the range of electric scooters when driving in the city. The influence of various weather conditions on changes in the power reserve of electric scooters when driving in the city was analyzed, including such weather factors as: sunny weather, rain, wind, fog, snow. The obtained results of the analysis of the influence of weather conditions on changes in the power reserve of electric scooters when driving in the city can be used in new studies regarding the transformation in urban mobility.

Influence of weather conditions on the dynamics of summer phytoplankton in the Kuibyshev reservoir

Based on observation data in the summer of 2019 and 2021, an assessment was made of changes in abiotic characteristics and chlorophyll (Chl) content in the Kuibyshev Reservoir. Regular observations were carried out at the outlet section of the reservoir (Zhigulevsky hydroelectric complex) under conditions of complete mixing of water masses. The main goal of the study is to assess the influence of abiotic factors on the chlorophyll content and the mass development of cyanobacteria. It has been established that the main influencing factors are thermal regime and weather conditions. 2019 is characterized as “cold”. The total number of days with water temperatures above 22 °C was only 11. The degree of favorability was low (23 °C ˃ t ˃ 22 °C). 2021 characterized as “warm”. The total number of days with water temperatures above 22 °C was 72. The degree of favorability varied widely: from low (23 °C ˃ t ˃ 22 °C) to extreme high (t ˃ 26 °C). The most favorable year for the mass development of cyanobacteria was 2021, when the Chl content over the summer period was 7.2 μg/dm3. The least favorable year was 2019, when the Chl content was 1.4 μg/dm3. Seasonally, the temperature optimum was observed annually in July. The Chl content in July 2021 was 12.6 μg/dm3, and in July 2019 – 1.8 μg/dm3. Significant variability in chlorophyll content is due to synoptic cyclicity and changing weather conditions. The established influence of thermal regime and weather conditions on the content of chlorophyll suggests that in conditions of global warming, the process of mass development of cyanobacteria is expected to intensify, which will negatively affect the ecological state and water quality of the Kuibyshev Reservoir.

THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF SUNFLOWER SEEDS DEPEND ON THE PRE-SOWING TREATMENT OF THE SEEDS AND EXTRA-ROOT NUTRIENTS

The article presents the results of two-year studies on the effect of different options of pre-sowing treatment of seeds with various combinations of bacterial, mycorrhizal preparations and growth stimulators based on humic substances, and foliar fertilizing with various combinations of growth stimulators and complex water-soluble fertilizers on seed yield, oil content and collection from 1 hectare of crops high oil sunflower hybrid Aurora AM. The research was conducted during 2022 and 2023 on the basis of LLC “Alliance Agro” located in the Pyryatinsky district of the Poltava region. The technology of sunflower cultivation, with the exception of the investigated issues, was generally accepted for the research area. The yield results showed a significant positive effect of pre-sowing seed treatment. On average, by years and variants of foliar fertilizing, the highest yield of sunflower seeds was in the variant of pre-sowing treatment of seeds with a mixture of Micofrend, BlackJack and “PMK-U” drugs – 2.66 tons/hectare, which is by 0.3 tons/hectare (12.7 %) is higher than on the control version. The advantage of this option in terms of seed yield was noted in the weather conditions of both years. In 2022 and 2023, it was 2.37 and 2.94 tons/hectare, respectively, which is 0.27 and 0.32 tons/hectare higher than in the NIR05 control – 0.06 and 0.09 tons/hectare. In general, according to the experiment, due to the optimization of pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar fertilization, the yield of sunflower seeds on average in two years was increased by 0.45 tons/hectare or almost 20.0%, which indicates the need to pay more attention to pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar feeding. The largest collection of oil in an average of two years – 1,417 tons/hectare was obtained in the variant of pre-sowing treatment of seeds with a mixture of Micofrend, Blackjack and “PMK-U” and carrying out two foliar fertilizing with a mixture of the Blackjack growth stimulator with the formulations of the complex fertilizer Jiva MIX recommended for a specific period of plant growth. Compared to the control, the increase in the indicator was 0.271 tons/hectare or almost 24.0%. According to years of research, the highest oil collection from 1 hectare was also in this variant. In contrast to the seed yield, the oil collection in the variants of three foliar top dressings was somewhat lower than after two top dressings. This trend is associated with a decrease in the oil content in the seeds after the third foliar feeding, while the yield did not increase significantly. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds with a mixture of all drugs provided both the highest seed yield and the highest oil content in seeds, which is why its greater effect on oil collection from 1 hectare than on seed yield is associated with this. Thus, in this variant, compared to the control, the seed yield increased by 12.7% on average over the years and foliar fertilization, while the oil yield from 1 hectare increased by 16.2%. Like the seed yield, the oil yield from 1 hectare underwent greater changes under the influence of weather conditions, while their influence was somewhat less than that of the seed yield. Thus, the range of seed yield variation under the influence of weather conditions was 24.0% (2.25 tons/hectare in 2022 and 2.79 tons/hectare in 2023), and oil yield from 1 hectare was 19, 7% (1.166 tons/hectare in 2022 and 1.396 tons/hectare in 2023). A somewhat smaller influence of the weather conditions of the year on the collection of oil from 1 hectare is due to the lower content of oil in the seeds in the sunflower of 2023, which is more favorable for plants.

Species diversity and abundance of aphids in triticale crops in North-West Russia

The aphid complex of triticale crops in the Leningrad region was characterized by a large species diversity (20 species), but low abundance (1.6 specimens/trap), which, under the influence of weather conditions, varied 2.4–3.8 times depending on the crop. Winter triticale crops were inferior to spring triticale in terms of species diversity (9 vs. 18 species) and abundance of aphids (1.2 vs. 1.9 specimens/trap). The numerical majority were species whose food specialization is related to cereal vegetation (53.8%-71.4% of individuals). The mass species were Rhopalosiphum padi L. and Sitobion avenae F., which accounted for 25.7% and 23.0% of the total number of individuals. The presence of other aphid species in grain crops is due to the presence of weeds (25.7%-26.9% of individuals), the growth of other crops nearby (2.9%-10.3%), woody and shrubby vegetation (0%9.0%). The greatest species diversity and abundance of aphids in crops of both winter and spring triticale was noted in the second decade of June, when the stage development of the former corresponded to the earing phase, and the latter to the tube exit phase.

Influence of weather conditions and plant growth on populations of the solenopsis mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley) infesting maize plants.

The cotton or solenopsis mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley, 1898) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), infests various host plants in Egypt. A study was conducted to observe the incidence of mealybugs and the possible influences of meteorological variables and plant age on the insect population of maize (single-hybrid 168 yellow maize cultivar) plants in Esna district, Luxor governorate, Egypt, in two consecutive seasons (2021 and 2022). P. solenopsis infested maize plants from the 3rd week of June to harvest, and had three peaks of seasonal incidence/season namely; in the 1st week of June in the 3rd/4th week of July, and the 2nd week of August. Similarly, there were three peaks in the percent of infestations per season. In the first season, the average population density of P. solenopsis per sample was 174.04 ± 16.93 individuals, and in the second season, 156.72 ± 14.28 individuals. The most favorable climate for P. solenopsis population increase and infestation occurred in August in the first season and in September in the second season, while June was less suitable in both growing seasons (as estimated by weekly surveys). The combined effects of weather conditions and plant age are significantly related to the estimates of P. solenopsis populations, with an explained variance (E.V.) of 93.18 and 93.86%, respectively, in the two seasons. In addition, their influences explained differences in infestation percentages of 93.30 and 95.54%, respectively, in the two seasons. Maize plant age was the most effective factor in determining changes in P. solenopsis population densities in each season. The mean daily minimum temperature in the first season and mean daily dew point in the second season were the most important factors affecting the percent changes in infestation. However, in both seasons, the mean daily maximum temperature was the least effective variable in population and infestation variation. This study paves the way for monitoring and early detection of mealybugs in maize; as well as the optimal climatic conditions for its development.

The Influence of Weather Conditions on the Diurnal Variation in Range of Motion in Older Adults with Knee Osteoarthritis.

(1) Background: This study investigated the relationship between weather conditions, diurnal patterns, and total knee range of motion (ROM), as well as the severity of symptoms (pain and stiffness) in older adults with knee osteoarthritis. (2) Methods: An exploratory longitudinal study was conducted on 28 older adults with knee osteoarthritis (mean age 71.86 ± 4.49 years; 46.4% men, 53.6% women). We used as assessment tools the Visual Analog Scales (VAS) for self-reported local knee pain and stiffness, and goniometry for ROM. Measurements were taken twice, six months apart, in winter and summer, in the morning and evening of each selected day. Recorded weather factors comprised temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, and maximum wind speed. (3) Results: The study revealed significant effects of season and time of day on pain and stiffness, respectively (p < 0.001). Additionally, a significant interaction between season and time influenced total knee ROM (p < 0.001). Moreover, there was a statistically significant relationship between time and total knee ROM (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: This research underscores the complex link between seasonal fluctuations and daily variations in some symptomatic and functional aspects of knee osteoarthritis in older adults.

Agrobiological and phenological characteristics of Dagestan aboriginal grape varieties in the conditions of the Krasnodar region

Native varieties have a number of positive characteristics that are widely used in the breeding process. Among them are varieties of very early ripening (Yay izyum white and Yay izyum pink), medium ripening (Ag izyum, Khatmi), late ripening (Agadai, Koz izyum), etc. The purpose of the research is to study the influence of weather conditions on agrobiological indicators and the onset of phenological phases of the grape plant. The experiment included 14 Dagestan native grape varieties of different ripening periods and directions for using the crop in the conditions of the Anapa zonal experimental station of viticulture and winemaking. The research has established: one variety of very early ripening (Ag emchek); 5 early ripening varieties (Khotsa tsibil, Budai Shuli, Chaush novyy, Khatmi); 7 early-medium varieties (Ag chakrak, Ag raisin, Gimra, Dagestan, Dzhagar, Dokur, Dubut) and 1 late-ripening variety (Chil Gulyabi). Agrobiological indicators and indicators of crop quality were also determined. The number of inflorescences per one developed shoot (K1 - fruiting coefficient) is the lowest in the Budai Shuli variety - 0.55, and the highest in the Gimra variety - 1.74. For other varieties it ranges from 0.61 to 1.56. According to the fruiting coefficient (K2), the varieties Gimra and Khotsa tsibil are also distinguished (1.90 and 1.71, respectively). For other varieties of oats, this indicator ranges from 1.23-1.68.

Model of the influence of weather conditions on car traffic (using the example of weather conditions in Siberia)

The purpose of the study is to build a model of the influence of weather and climatic factors on the throughput of various types of roads and intersections. Weather conditions affect the acceleration, braking and stability of a vehicle on the road. The results show that the weather affects traffic intersections of streets, which need to be optimized depending on the current road and transport situation. As a result, a model of the influence of rain, snow and ice on road situations was simulated and built.

METHOD OF CONDUCTING TESTS FOR VERIFYING THE MAIN FUNCTIONS OF COMBAT MEANS OF THE PORTABLE AIRCRAFT MISSILE COMPLEX USING STANDARD EQUIPMENT

In recent years, researchers have been actively working on the development of bench testing methods for anti- aircraft systems, in particular, using the latest technologies, materials, design, and operating principles. One of the most recent studies on this topic is devoted to the use of information technology to solve the problems of testing anti- aircraft missile systems. The authors argue that the use of virtual models and bench tests can reduce development costs and provide a more accurate assessment of the performance parameters of air defence missile systems.&#x0D; Other studies focus on analysing the impact of various factors on the operation of anti-aircraft missile systems, including the influence of weather conditions, magnetic field and other factors. Studies on this topic have shown that consideration of such factors is important for planning and conducting bench tests.&#x0D; Studies have also been conducted on safety and reliability issues during bench tests of anti-aircraft missile systems. Particular attention was paid to the detection and elimination of malfunctions, as well as ensuring safety during testing.&#x0D; In general, recent research and publications show that the development of bench testing methods for air defence missile systems is a relevant and promising topic that contributes to improving the reliability and efficiency of their operation.&#x0D; In order to increase the efficiency, reliability and reduce the cost of research and development work on the development of MANPADS, the article proposes a method for testing the main functions, including the function of missile guidance and launch, as well as the functions of power and control systems. The bench test method is an effective tool for testing the functions of a complex in conditions that are as close as possible to the actual conditions of its operation. However, it is necessary to investigate the effectiveness of this method for testing the functions of a man-portable anti-aircraft missile system and identify possible shortcomings and limitations that may affect the accuracy of test results and the reliability of the system as a whole.

Computer vision systems and deep learning for the recognition of athlete's movement: A review article

The process of detecting people in videos and then tracking their movement is one of the very important topics. The process of tracking people and studying their behaviour could result in a large set of information that can help researchers in studying reactions. The techniques of detection and tracking the movement of people are used in the sports field, where the athlete's movement is studied and analyzed within the game. Based on the information obtained from the process of tracking the athlete's movement, it is possible to improve the playing performance as well as avoid injuries and choose the best playing strategy. In some games, the accuracy of athlete's performance is a measure of the points given to the athlete's like gymnastics. This study reviews a set of articles that relied on computer vision as well as deep learning in the process of distinguishing and analysing the athlete's movement. The articles are confined to the years from 2015 to 2022, dealing with different indoor and outdoor sports. Certainly, the study of indoor games is better because the influence of weather conditions is less than that of outdoor ones. Reviewing the articles demonstrates that relying on computer vision systems is more effective than relying on human rulers, as humans are more prone to error. As for relying on the deep learning techniques for detecting the object, the results are very positive, due to the correct detection of the object. The results of the analysis of this object will be more accurate.

Influence of weather conditions on the productive potential of pasture ecosystems in the south of Russia (Based on artificially created models)

For the rational use of degraded pastures and the fight against desertification, it is necessary to apply phytomelioration of territories more widely. The most effective will be the use of communities consisting of shrubs, semi-shrubs and perennial grasses. To identify on this further, the study was conducted at the experimental sites of the Agroecology Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the period from 2019 to 2022. In this study, artificially created models of long-term pasture ecosystems were utilized. In the arid conditions of the south of Russia, weather conditions had the greatest impact on the productivity of the created pasture models (share of influence is 81-85%), while the yield of dry fodder mass of the herbaceous-semi-shrub layer varied from 1.2 to 3.9 t/ha, depending on the seasonality of the pasture and the composition of the soil substrate. The highest yield of phytomass is formed on pastures created on a chernozem-like sandy loam substrate (humus horizon of chernozem-like sandy loam soil) on spring-summer pastures, the yield increase is 33% higher compared to spring-summer pastures on a light chestnut sandy substrate (a product of Aeolian processing of light chestnut soil). On all types of pastures, groups of cereals were leading in terms of biomass. Analysis of the multiple regression equation between the phytomass yield of model pastures (y3), temperature (x1) and precipitation of the warm period (x2) on pastures with a chernozem–like soil substrate showed that the multiple correlation coefficient R = 0.96 - this states a close relationship between the effective indicator and two factors. The multiple determination coefficient R2 = 0.98 means that 98% of the variation in the phytomass yield level is taken into account by the regression equation and 2% is accounted for by unaccounted factors on a light chestnut sandy substrate. The moderate correlation dependence of the yield of the fodder mass of model pastures (y3) on a plot with a light chestnut sandy substrate on the temperature in the warm period (x1), the component (r=0.52) indicates a significant effect on the yield of precipitation of the warm period (x2) with r=0.94.

Preservation of the quality of flax by using a self-propelled baler wrapper

The article analyzes the influence of weather conditions on the quality of the obtained flax. The relevance of the use of a baler-wrapper in the cultivation of long-flax to obtain a long fiber of high quality is proved. The reasons for not carrying out the wrapping operation in flax-growing farms in Russia are named. A brief overview of the currently produced self-propelled wrapper pickers is given and a small excursion into the history of the beginning of their production is given. The necessity of developing a domestic self-propelled wrapper as more high-performance in contrast to trailed and mounted units is substantiated. The design and technological scheme of the projected self-propelled baler-wrapper for flax ribbons is given.

Golf and Science

Golf is often seen as a leisurely sport and is considered to be the most popular outdoor sport. Most importantly, Golf is a remarkable fusion of art and science. This research explores the profound scientific understandings that govern the dynamics of golf, from the physics of ball flight to the biomechanics of the swing. It delves into the intricacies of golf equipment design, the influence of weather conditions, and the impact of golf on physical and mental well-being. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature and empirical studies, this research signifies the fusion of golf and science, offering a holistic understanding of this age-old game's modern facets. The paper concludes by shedding light on the potential of golf as a platform for understanding the dynamics behind the sport and its contributions to the wider domain of sports science.

Influence of varietal characteristics of winter wheat and weather conditions on lodging resistance and productivity

Growing technologies and variety selection are crucial for increasing yields and improving the quality of winter wheat grain. The area under winter wheat is the largest in Ukraine, which is associated with the production of high-quality grain. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of weather conditions and variety characteristics on winter wheat plant height, internode length, lodging resistance, productivity factor and yield during the years under study. In the course of the study, the following generally accepted methods were used: systematic approach, system analysis approach, analytical synthesis approach, field approach and statistical approach. The article presents data on the results of research with 20 varieties of soft winter wheat in the conditions of the Training and Practical Centre of Mykolaiv National Agrarian University from 2017 to 2023. Agricultural technology for growing winter wheat varieties is widespread in the steppes of southern Ukraine. The influence of weather conditions and varietal characteristics on lodging resistance and productivity of winter wheat was investigated. The results showed that the optimum plant height of winter wheat varieties ranged from 82.1 to 84.5 cm, and the highest yield was 6.32 t/ha in Staleva and 6.68 t/ha in Duma Odeska. A significant effect of varietal traits on stem length, second and last internode, number of stems formed per 1 m2 , grain weight in the ear and lodging resistance of winter bread wheat was established. Plants of the tested winter soft wheat varieties Staleva, Dyvo, Katarina, Felix, Ozerna, PONTICUS, Faust, Glaucus have a very high (9.0 points) resistance to lodging regardless of the weather conditions of the year. Ukrainian varieties Duma Odeska (6.68 t/ha) and Staleva (6.32 t/ha) achieved higher productivity. The obtained scientific results of the research contribute to the widespread use of the studied winter wheat varieties of this reasonably climatic zone and contribute to further improvement of grain production