Influence Of Visual Perception Research Articles

Influence of visual perception on movement decisions by an ungulate prey species.

Visual perception is dynamic and depends on physiological properties of a species' visual system and physical characteristics of the environment. White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are most sensitive to short- and mid-wavelength light (e.g. blue and green). Wavelength enrichment varies spatially and temporally across the landscape. We assessed how the visual perception of deer influences their movement decisions. From August to September 2019, we recorded 10-min locations from 15 GPS-collared adult male deer in Central Florida. We used Hidden-Markov models to identify periods of movement by deer and subset these data into three time periods based on temporal changes in light environments. We modeled resource selection during movement using path-selection functions and simulated 10 available paths for every path used. We developed five a priori models and used 10-fold cross validation to assess our top model's performance for each time period. During the day, deer selected to move through woodland shade, avoided forest shade, and neither selected nor avoided small gaps. At twilight, deer avoided wetlands as cloud cover increased but neither selected nor avoided other cover types. Visual cues and signals are likely more conspicuous to deer in short-wavelength-enriched woodland shade during the day, while at twilight in long-wavelength-enriched wetlands during cloud cover, visual cues are likely less conspicuous. The nocturnal light environment did not influence resource selection and likely has little effect on deer movements because it's relatively homogenous. Our findings suggest visual perception relative to light environments is likely an underappreciated driver of behaviors and decision-making by an ungulate prey species.

Effect of visual information from binocular vision on the motor control of step over obstacles in walking with 90° turn.

[Purpose] This study aimed to clarify the relationship between one-eye visual deprivation; thus, interfering with stereoscopic perception, and movement and obtain insights on the influence of visual perception on movement to step over obstacles. [Participants and Methods] Participants were 25 healthy individuals. There were two conditions of visual perception (stationary and approaching conditions) and two additional conditions of binocular and monocular visions. Under the four conditions, participants were asked to step over an obstacle immediately after a 90° turn while walking. Distance between the foot and obstacle, foot pressure distribution, and stance phase time were measured. [Results] Toe clearance was lower in the approaching condition than that in the binocular stationary condition. The trajectory length ratio was greater in the approaching condition than that in the stationary condition, and heel-ground contact, metatarsal-ground contact, and stance times were all shorter in the binocular condition. Additionally, heel contact, midfoot contact, metatarsal contact, and stance times were shorter in the approaching condition than that in the stationary condition. [Conclusion] In walking with a 90° turn, the binocular approaching condition provided more visual information and positively affected motor control of movements to step over an obstacle.

Examining the Predictors of Naming Speed among Thai Preschoolers: Confirming the Important Roles of Visual Perception and Sustained Attention

Investigations of reading readiness among early preschool children in Thailand have revealed contextual language and social elements that are different from speakers of other languages. The goal of this study was to further understand important variables that predict future reading readiness among Thai children, namely, the influence of visual perception and attention on naming ability. There were 158 preschoolers aged 5 -6.8 years of age, who performed the following tests: Coloured Progressive Matrices (CPM), Attention Sustained (AS), Visual Perception (VP), and Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN) tests. A cross-sectional correlational research design was conducted in this study. The results, which were examined using multiple regression, revealed a strong association among sustained attention, visual perception, intelligence, and naming speed. Sustained attention and visual perception were found to be strongly associated with rapid naming ability. There was a relationship between intelligence and attention. However, intelligence did not appear to be associated with naming speed. Sustained attention and general visual perception were shown to predict the speed of color naming up to 12.2% (Adjust R2 = .12, p < .05) and the speed of digit naming up to 14.1% (Adjust R2 = .14, p < .05). In conclusion, the visual perception and sustained attention abilities of Thai preschool children can predict their rapid naming ability. During early childhood, the importance of developing attentiveness and visual perception is indicated since it offers a positive reading acquisition ability.

Зміни показників технічної підготовленості волейболістів 10–11 років під впливом візуального сприйняття параметрів рухів

Ievgeniia Strelnykova, Yuri Gorchanyuk & Olena NesenPurpose: increase in the level of technical preparedness of volleyball players at the stage of initial training under the influence of visual perception of the parameters of movements. Material & Methods: 36 female athletes from the initial training group aged 10–11 years old participated in the study in Kharkov. In the course of the study, the following methods were used: analysis of scientific and methodological literature; pedagogical testing pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. The pedagogical experiment lasted 8 weeks and was built with the participation of two groups: a control (18 players), the training process of which corresponded to the contents of the Youth Sports School's volleyball program, and an experimental (18 players), the content of the training was supplemented by a program using the technique of technical training, on the basis of visual perception by athletes of the specifics of performing technical techniques. The pedagogical experiment lasted 3 months, after which the changes in the level of technical preparedness of volleyball players of both groups. Results: after the pedagogical experiment, there were established significant improvements in the performance of two test exercises at the athletes of the experimental group. Changes in the results of the volleyball players in the control group were unreliable. Conclusions: our proposed technique of technical training, which is based on the visual perception of athletes of biomechanical peculiarities of performing technical techniques, is effective and can be used by trainers of initial training groups.

Facial Cosmetics Exert a Greater Influence on Processing of the Mouth Relative to the Eyes: Evidence from the N170 Event-Related Potential Component.

Cosmetic makeup significantly influences facial perception. Because faces consist of similar physical structures, cosmetic makeup is typically used to highlight individual features, particularly those of the eyes (i.e., eye shadow) and mouth (i.e., lipstick). Though event-related potentials have been utilized to study various aspects of facial processing, the influence of cosmetics on specific ERP components remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the application of cosmetic makeup and the amplitudes of the P1 and N170 event-related potential components during facial perception tasks. Moreover, the influence of visual perception on N170 amplitude, was evaluated under three makeup conditions: Eye Shadow, Lipstick, and No Makeup. Electroencephalography was used to monitor 17 participants who were exposed to visual stimuli under each these three makeup conditions. The results of the present study subsequently demonstrated that the Lipstick condition elicited a significantly greater N170 amplitude than the No Makeup condition, while P1 amplitude was unaffected by any of the conditions. Such findings indicate that the application of cosmetic makeup alters general facial perception but exerts no influence on the perception of low-level visual features. Collectively, these results support the notion that the application of makeup induces subtle alterations in the processing of facial stimuli, with a particular effect on the processing of specific facial components (i.e., the mouth), as reflected by changes in N170 amplitude.

Giving Good Directions: Order of Mention Reflects Visual Salience.

In complex stimuli, there are many different possible ways to refer to a specified target. Previous studies have shown that when people are faced with such a task, the content of their referring expression reflects visual properties such as size, salience, and clutter. Here, we extend these findings and present evidence that (i) the influence of visual perception on sentence construction goes beyond content selection and in part determines the order in which different objects are mentioned and (ii) order of mention influences comprehension. Study 1 (a corpus study of reference productions) shows that when a speaker uses a relational description to mention a salient object, that object is treated as being in the common ground and is more likely to be mentioned first. Study 2 (a visual search study) asks participants to listen to referring expressions and find the specified target; in keeping with the above result, we find that search for easy-to-find targets is faster when the target is mentioned first, while search for harder-to-find targets is facilitated by mentioning the target later, after a landmark in a relational description. Our findings show that seemingly low-level and disparate mental “modules” like perception and sentence planning interact at a high level and in task-dependent ways.

The influence of visual perception on responses towards real-world environments and application towards design

Experience of the built-environment is said to be dependent on visual perception and the physical properties of space. Scene and environmental preference research suggests that particular visual features greatly influence one's response to their environment. Typically, environments which are informative and allow an individual to gain further knowledge about their surroundings are preferred. Although such findings could be applied to the design process, it is first necessary to develop a way in which to accurately and objectively describe visual properties within an environment. Recently, it has been proposed that isovist analysis could be employed to describe built-environments. In two experiments, we examine whether or not isovist analysis can capture experience of real-world environments. In experiment 1, we demonstrate that isovist analysis can be employed to describe experience within a controlled, real-world, laboratory environment. In experiment 2, we employed post-occupancy examination of a student centre to examine the robustness of isovist analysis and whether it would capture experience of a complex, real-world environment. The results of experiment 2 suggest that isovist analysis could capture certain experiences, such as spaciousness, but failed to capture other responses. Regression analysis suggests that a large number of variables predicted experience, including previous experience with the building and the presence of other individuals. This suggests that experience of real-world, complex environments cannot be captured by the visual properties alone, instead various factors influence experience. Implications towards the design process are discussed.

How You Look Is What You Find: Observing the Phonology of Deaf Speakers

The types of phonological pattern which are found in the speech of deaf people have a particular relationship with speech intelligibility. This needs to be taken into account when assessing speech if the results of assessment are to be useful for effective decisions about intervention. The influence of visual perception is relevant for the assessment of all speakers with a hearing loss who are referred to in this article as ‘deaf people’. In addition, many deaf people use both a sign language and a spoken language. Spoken language intelligibility may be enhanced by loan features from the sign language concerned. Visual and auditory factors, phonetic and phonological levels, segmental and non-segmental features, and their potential interactions, need to be included when assessing speech production. The Phonological Evaluation and Transcription of Audio-visual Language (known as the PETAL Speech Assessment) allows these aspects of phonology to be considered differentially for different speakers. There are general implications of this approach for speech and language therapy.