Influence Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Articles

Traditional Chinese and Mongolian Medicine Utilization Among Hypertensive Older Adults: Community Health Institutions, Hohhot, China

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and traditional Mongolian medicine (TMM) systems treat hypertension in community health institutions within China's Inner Mongolia autonomous region. This paper aims to investigate the use and influence of TCM and TMM among hypertensive older Chinese adults receiving treatment at these community health institutions. A cross-sectional survey method was used in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. A total of 1,499 completed questionnaires were collected from eight community health service centers in four municipal districts of Hohhot between May and June 2022. In all, 662 (44.2%) respondents had used community hypertension treatment services in the last year. Of the 662 respondents, 213 (32.2%) used TCM hypertension treatment services, and 64 (9.7%) used TMM treatment services less frequently and at a lower cost. Chinese herbal medicine (63.5%) and Mongolian herbal medicine (74%) were used more than other treatments. Cognition, attitude, and service provision were the main factors that affected service utilization. Ethnicity also had an impact on TMM’s service utilization. Older Chinese adults with hypertension did not fully utilize the TCM and TMM services provided. Further promotion and expansion of traditional medicine are needed from relevant government and health institutions.

A History of Smallpox Vaccination in Modern China: Vaccine Techniques, Instruments, and Localization.

This paper examines how smallpox vaccination has been implemented in China from a technological perspective. It is an attempt not only to investigate the impact of technology and instruments on medical advances, but also to deepen the understanding of modern Chinese society through smallpox vaccination. Smallpox vaccination helps people develop immunity to smallpox by inoculating into them pus from cowpox which is an infectious disease that affects cows. In 1805, Alexander Pearson succeeded in smallpox vaccination using the arm-to-arm transfer method for the first time in China thanks to the arrival of the vaccine in Macao. As Pearson and Quixi, who followed in the footsteps of Pearson, used the arm-to-arm method, they did not have much interest in vaccine containers. However, the vaccine administration technique changed: the vaccine obtained from people was inoculated into cows, and then again, into people. It thus resulted in the manufacturing of various vaccine containers including glass vials and tubes. The development of tools contributed to the expansion of cowpox vaccination. In addition, cowpox vaccines were imported directly from foreign countries. Advertisements which remain to date indicate that vaccines were widely imported. Pharmacies promoted vaccines, contending that the sale and import of vaccines was for the Chinese people. On the other hand, there were voices against imported vaccines, saying that they were expensive and foreign-made. Under the banner of patriotism and nationalism, people demanded that vaccines be made in China, which led to the production of vaccines in large cities such as Shanghai and Beijing. Along with the aforementioned efforts to obtain vaccines, techniques for smallpox vaccination can also be understood in the Chinese context. For example, traditional Chinese medicine maintains that acupuncture can be used as a vaccination lancet. Since traditional Chinese medicine already embraced the use of cowpox for protection against smallpox, they advocated using acupuncture instead of western instruments in order to expand the influence of traditional Chinese medicine. The belief that inoculation should be done into acupuncture points in the upper arms shows the significant influence of traditional Chinese medicine. On the other hand, Chinese people being reluctant to leave vaccine marks show the general view of what was considered as beautiful at the time, rather than the Chinese traditional perspective. Consequently, smallpox vaccine techniques in China, while following the technological advancement in general, could not help but be adapted to the Chinese context under the influence of modern Chinese society. Thus, smallpox vaccine techniques provide clues for understanding modern Chinese society. As such, historians who conduct research mainly with literature should also take interest in medical technology and instruments as well.

Research hotspot and frontier analysis of traditional Chinese medicine in asthma using bibliometric methods from 1991 to 2021.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been successfully used to treat asthmatic conditions for centuries. Nevertheless, the current hotspots and research frontiers on TCM for asthma have not been systematically investigated on the basis of bibliometric analysis. In this study, a scientometric analysis (1991-2021) was carried out on 3081 journal articles obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database to explore the basic characteristics, research hotspots, and frontiers of TCM in asthma research. The results revealed the following: (1) Research on TCM in asthma has received widespread attention since the beginning of the 21st century; perhaps 2009 was an important turning point. TCM in asthma research shows a trend of interdisciplinary development. (2) Well-known universities/institutions in China, the United States, and South Korea have conducted the main body of current TCM research in asthma. JingCheng Dong (Fudan University, China) and XiuMin Li (Mount Sinai School of Medicine, USA) are the top 2 leading authors in this field. However, there is still a lack of international cooperation in the field of TCM in asthma research, and the influence of researchers in China and South Korea still needs improvement. (3) The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology ranks first in the research field on the influence of TCM in asthma. (4) Hotspots and frontiers of TCM in asthma are provided according to the timeline analyses of the research. In the former, complementary medicine, alternative treatment, allergic rhinitis, airway remodeling, Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension diet, and eosinophilic esophagitis are in the exploratory stage. In the latter, pharmacology, essential oil, gut microbiota, and oxidative stress were investigated from 2006 until late 2021 as period B, which contradicts period A(1991-2005). Moreover, limitations of this bibliometric analysis and the study of TCM research in asthma still exist, which are sufficiently important to warrant further investigations. Finally, we propose the significant importance of the real quintessence and characteristics of TCM in clinical and future research.

Therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine for vascular endothelial growth factor.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the main regulator of physiological angiogenesis during embryonic development, bone growth, and reproductive function, and it also participates in a series of pathological changes. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), with a history of more than 2000 years, has been widely used in clinical practice, while the exploration of its mechanisms has only begun. This review summarizes the research of recent years on the influence of TCM on VEGF. It is found that many Chinese medicines and recipes have a regulatory effect on VEGF, indicating that Chinese medicine has broad prospects as a complementary and alternative therapy, providing new treatment ideas for clinical applications and the theoretical basis for research on the mechanisms of TCM.

Influence of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the West

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is an outstanding representative among Chinese civilization, and is widely recognized by people in many countries for its unique advantages in disease prevention, treatment and rehabilitation. TCM is the crystallization of the Chinese civilization, the treasure of ancient Chinese science and a carrier of traditional culture. Through literature review, combined with actual life, the advantages of TCM and its future development methods are comprehensively analyzed. It is precisely because of its increasingly important influence on Western countries that we should pay more attention to its development and make it stand firmly on the world stage.

Influence of traditional Chinese medicines on the in vivo metabolism of lopinavir/ritonavir based on UHPLC-MS/MS analysis

A fast, reliable, and cost-effective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was established to determine the effects of the traditional Chinese medicine employed to treat coronavirus disease 2019, namely, Lianhua Qingwen granules, Huoxiang Zhengqi capsules, Jinhua Qinggan granules, Shufeng Jiedu capsules, and Angong Niuhuang pills, on the pharmacokinetics of lopinavir/ritonavir in rats. Blood samples were prepared using the protein precipitation method and atazanavir was selected as the internal standard (IS). Separation was performed on an Agilent ZORBAX eclipse plus C18 (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.8 μm) column using acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% formic acid as the mobile phase for gradient elution. The flow rate was 0.4 mL/min and the injection volume was 2 μL. Agilent Jet Stream electrospray ionization was used for mass spectrometry detection under positive ion multiple reaction monitoring mode at a transition of m/z 629.3→447.3 for lopinavir, m/z 721.3→296.1 for ritonavir, and m/z 705.4→168.1 for the IS. The method showed good linearity in the concentration range of 25–2500 ng/mL (r=0.9981) for lopinavir and 5–500 ng/mL (r=0.9984) for ritonavir. The intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy were both within ±15%. Items, such as dilution reliability and residual effect, were also within the acceptable limits. The method was used to determine the effects of five types of traditional Chinese medicines on the pharmacokinetics of lopinavir/ritonavir in rats. The pharmacokinetic results showed that the half-life of ritonavir in the groups administered Lianhua Qingwen granules and Huoxiang Zhengqi capsules combined with lopinavir/ritonavir was prolonged by approximately 1.5- to 2-fold relative to that in the control group. Similarly, the pharmacokinetic parameters of lopinavir were altered. Overall, the results of this study offer important theoretical parameters for the effective clinical use of five types of traditional Chinese medicines combined with lopinavir/ritonavir to reduce the occurrence of clinical adverse reactions.

Significance of plant taxonomy in Chinese material medica resources: the changes of family and genus category and standardization of scientific names in <italic>Chinese Pharmacopoeia</italic>

Medicinal plants are the main component of Chinese material medica resources. In the process of using traditional Chinese medicinal materials, plant taxonomy is of great significance in the identification, genetic relationship and evolutionary research of medicinal plants, which is helpful to the rational utilization and scientific protection of Chinese material medica resources. In light of the authoritative plant list databases, plant classification systems and the latest research results of molecular phylogeny, the changes of family and genus category of medicinal plants recorded in Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the “ Chinese Pharmacopoeia ”; Ch.P.) are systematically studied, and the scientific and Chinese names are revised in this paper. The aims are to promote further interdisciplinary research on plant taxonomy and Chinese material medica resources, to maintain the scientific and advanced nature of Chinese Pharmacopoeia , and to promote the scientific development and the enhancement of international influence of traditional Chinese medicine.

Influence of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Medical Adherence and Outcome in Estrogen Receptor (+) Breast Cancer Patients in Taiwan: A Real-World Population-Based Cohort Study

BackgroundMedical adherence is often higher in clinical trials than in real world practice. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on medical adherence to hormonal therapy (HT) and survival outcome in ER (+) breast cancer patients in Taiwan. Subjects and methodsUsing a nationwide longitudinal population-based database, we enrolled patients with newly diagnosed ER-positive breast cancer who had received HT, and followed for up to 5 years (N = 872). Medication adherence in terms of medication possession ratios (MPR) and patient outcome were evaluated with or without TCM exposure. We applied logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards (PH) analysis to identify factors, including TCM exposure, associated with adherence to HT and mortality. ResultsMPR to HT in general decreased over the 5-year period post breast cancer diagnosis. Both TCM and MPR to HT ≥ 80% were significantly associated with reduced risk of breast cancer-associated mortality. Subgroup analysis revealed that TCM annual visits ≥ 3 times with CHP prescription 1~90 days per year affected mortality reduction most significantly (HR: 0.26; 95% CI = 0.08–0.83; p < 0.05) compared to other TCM use. In contrast, using TCM (either short-term or long-term) was not associated with MPR in HT. ConclusionsOur results supported the potential advantage of TCM on breast cancer-associated mortality, whereas TCM use does not compromise medical adherence to HT. This study offers important insights in integrative therapy for HT in patients with estrogen receptor (+) breast cancer.

Influence of traditional Chinese medicine on intestinal microecology

Influence of traditional Chinese medicine on intestinal microecology

Cultural Influences on Complementary Feeding Beliefs amongst New Chinese Immigrant Mothers in England: A Mixed Methods Study.

Adequate nutrition during infancy and early childhood is essential for ensuring the growth, health, and development of children so that they can reach their full potential. There is a current void of data on infant and young child feeding practices (IYCF) in ethnic minority communities in the UK; specifically, it is difficult to find accurate Chinese IYCF data in the UK because survey data often includes Chinese in the category of ‘Chinese or other ethnic group’, further contributing to health inequalities. This mixed methods study aimed to explore the cultural influences on IYCF beliefs among new Chinese immigrant mothers. A total of 31 mothers of infants aged 6–23 months were recruited from informal community organizations. All 31 mothers were born in Mainland China, the mean length of their stay after immigrating to the UK was 10 years (range = 1–21 years), and their mean age was 29 ± 3.40 years. When using the Infant Feeding Style Questionnaire (IFSQ) to investigate IYCF beliefs, the highest score was obtained for responsive attention, with a value of 4.28 ± 0.92, indicating that parents were very attentive to child hunger and satiety cues; lower scores were obtained for indulgence soothing (1.82 ± 1.01), indulgence coaxing (2.11 ± 1.18), indulgence pampering (1.90 ± 0.95), and pressuring to soothe (1.92 ± 0.86), indicating lesser maternal indulgence and pressuring/controlling beliefs. A sub-sample (n = 14) participated in semi-structured interviews in order to understand the balancing sources of information and cultural preferences, the influence of traditional Chinese medicine, and language difficulties in accessing health services. The mothers reported barriers of IYCF beliefs and the introduction of solid foods earlier than the NHS guidelines. This study can promote optimal IYCF in Chinese immigrants and show health services the need to reconcile differences between the perceptions of British and Chinese health beliefs.

Analysis of overseas patent registration of the classical prescription of traditional Chinese medicine

Through the analysis of patent jurisprudence, it is proved that the Classical Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine (CPTCM) belongs to the scope of existing technology in the Law of Patent, and has lost the foundation of obtaining patent rights. Taking Japan's CPTCM as an example, based on the analysis of the administration of CPTCM and patent applications related to CPTCM in Japan, it is proved that CPTCM can not obtain patent authorization in Japan. Through the comparison of patent in China, the United States, Europe and worldwide region, it is proved that China is still the main source of patent applications for Traditional Chinese Medicine. At the end of the article, the author puts forward the suggestion of active protection. It is believed that we should abandon the concept of patent-only protection and improve the influence of Traditional Chinese Medicine in worldwide from the aspects of industrial development, promotion ofits application, and intellectual property protection. Key words: Traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacy; Classical prescription; Medicine, kampo; Patent analysis; Intellectual property protection

Influence of traditional Chinese medicine and Bacillus species (TCMBS) on growth, immune response and disease resistance in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

Influence of traditional Chinese medicine and Bacillus species (TCMBS) on growth, immune response and disease resistance in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

Effect of traditional Chinese medicine on osseointegration and bone absorption of implants

Implantation of the base bone in the implant after effective and rapid bone binding and prevention and treatment of bone resorption, to ensure the success of planting surgery is of great significance. This article reviews the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine promoting bone integration and the etiopathological mechanism of bone resorption, and expounds the influence of traditional Chinese medicine on osseointegration and bone resorption.

Influence of traditional Chinese medicine and Bacillus species (TCMBS) on growth, immune response and disease resistance in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

Multispecies herbs and probiotic bacteria offered to fish might enhance their immune response and increase disease resistance, but the dose effects of herbal-probiotic application remain unclear. Therefore, the effect of herbal-probiotic mixtures of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) of composition Astragalus membranaceus, Angelica sinensis, Crataegus hupehensis and probiotic Bacillus species (BS) of composition Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus lincheniformis as natural immunostimulants in tilapia Oreochromis niloticus have been investigated. Fish were randomly divided into four groups: control diet (CT), TCMBS1 [TCM at 3 g/kg and BS at 7 g/kg], TCMBS2 [TCM at 5 g/kg and BS at 5 g/kg], TCMBS3 [TCM at 7 g/kg and BS at 3 g/kg]. Tilapia in the TCMBS3 group showed significant improvement in weight gain, specific growth rate, and lowered feed conversion ratio compared with other treated groups and the control. Concerning immune indexes, all treated groups significantly enhanced lysozyme, superoxide dismutase, catalase, protease and antiprotease activities, with highest values in catalase and antiprotease activities in TCMBS3 compared with control. TCMBS3 demonstrated higher expression of βeta-defensin, lysozyme, heat shock protein 70, catalase and transforming growth factor-βeta compared with other treated groups or the control group in both mid-intestines and head-kidney. After challenge with Streptococcus agalactiae, the best survival was found in TCMBS3 (97%), followed by TCMBS2 (73%), and TCMBS1 (69%) compared with the CT (35%). Collectively the present results suggest that TCMBS3 dose might potentiate a higher immune response and disease resistance in fish.

Traditional Chinese Medicine: Salvia miltiorrhiza Enhances Survival Rate of Autologous Adipose Tissue Transplantation in Rabbit Model.

This study aimed to explore the influence of traditional Chinese medicines: Salvia miltiorrhiza on the survival of auto-transplantation of adipose tissue in a rabbit model. Minced adipose tissue harvested from the scapular region was transplanted into the dorsum of the ears of New Zealand rabbits. The experimental groups were intra-peritoneally injected with S. miltiorrhiza for a total 4 weeks. The rabbits in control group were intra-peritoneally injected with normal saline. Plasma VEGF levels were assayed at week 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 after fat tissue auto-transplantation in the dorsum of rabbit ears. Graft samples were collected and measured at week 2, 4, and 12. Survival rates were calculated, and histologic morphology was evaluated. The expression of CD31 was detected by means of immune-histochemical staining to observe neo-vascularization of the auto-transplanted fat tissue. Perilipin was detected by means of immune-histochemical staining to observe the survival of fat cells. At 12 weeks, the survival rates in the experimental group were statistically greater than that in the control group, respectively (p < 0.05). Plasma levels of VEGF in the experimental group at different time points were significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05). Histologically, grafts in the experimental group showed better survival of adipocytes and neo-vascularization. By perilipin immuno-histochemical staining, the experimental group demonstrated better adipocyte survival. In the rabbit model, S. miltiorrhiza can promote the neo-vascularization of adipose tissue grafts and significantly improves the survival rate of auto-transplanted adipose tissue. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

Influence of Traditional Chinese Medicines on Bioaccessibility and Speciation of Arsenic in Realgar and Mercury in Cinnabar

Influence of Traditional Chinese Medicines on Bioaccessibility and Speciation of Arsenic in Realgar and Mercury in Cinnabar

Traditional Chinese medicine, health beliefs and glaucoma awareness: implications for UK practice

Changes in the UK population have heightened the need for the provision of culturally competent care. Recent population estimates suggest China provides the most migrants to the UK. This and the reported high incidence of glaucoma in the Chinese population signify the need for practitioners to be culturally aware of the health needs of this patient group. This article reviews the prevalence of glaucoma and the influence of traditional Chinese medicine on the health beliefs of the Chinese population living in the UK, and discusses how cultural awareness can facilitate the provision of culturally centred, individualised patient care.

Exploring the influence of Traditional Chinese Medicine on self-care among Chinese cancer patients

PurposeThe aim of this study was to explore the influence of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on self-care among Chinese cancer patients. MethodsThis was an exploratory qualitative study. A purposive sample of thirty cancer patients who were currently undergoing either chemotherapy or radiotherapy was interviewed. Qualitative content analysis was conducted for data analysis. ResultsTwo core categories were emerged from their accounts of experiences with practising TCM-supported self-care activities: perceived beneficial effects and concerns about undesirable effects. The perceived beneficial effects of these self-care activities were mainly stemmed from the traditional beliefs in TCM, which included: strengthening the “origin”, removing toxins, and mind-soothing. Concerns about undesirable effects of these self-care activities were raised due to lack of knowledge and unpleasant experience with these self-care activities. ConclusionThe findings revealed that the philosophy of TCM had been deeply integrated by Chinese cancer patients into their self-care. While Western medicine is the mainstream cancer treatment, Chinese cancer patients also practised various TCM-supported self-care activities. However, they were perplexed about the effects of these self-care activities. They could not ascertain whether the perceived benefits were just due to their own belief in the TCM philosophy, and their lack of knowledge in this aspect and unpleasant experience further confused them. Nurses have to be proactive in identifying the unique health-deviation self-care requisites of their clients in a culturally sensitive manner, explore how their self-care experience affects their wellbeing and treatment compliance, and be prepared to clarify misconceptions about their conditions and progress.

Enhanced absorption and bioavailability of hydrochlorothiazide by Chinese medicines in the Zhenju antihypertensive compound

This study was performed to investigate the influence of traditional Chinese medicines in the Zhenju antihypertensive compound (ZJAHC) on the oral absorption of hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) both in vitro and in vivo. Caco-2 cells and the in situ closed loop system were used to investigate the possible mechanism of the Chinese-Western medicine interaction on the transepithelial transport and uptake of HCT. The influence of TCMs on the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of HCT was also studied to reveal the possible interaction in vivo. In an in situ intestinal perfusion study, the cumulative amount of HCT of ZJAHC group (506.05 μg ± 96.03) was 2.2-fold, 2.18-fold and 1.38-fold higher compared to that of the HCT group (228.29 μg ± 23.39), HCT-clonidine (CLO) group (232.13 ± 54.79 μg) and HCT-rutin (RT) group (366.08 ± 21.97 μg), respectively, after 120 min of perfusion. A pharmacokinetic analysis showed a significant increase in area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of HCT in the ZJAHC group by 2.14-fold, 2.01-fold and 1.32-fold compared to the HCT, HCT-CLO and HCT-RT groups, respectively. As a P-gp inhibitor, RT could contribute to the enhanced oral absorption of HCT in ZJAHC. The combination of traditional Chinese medicines and chemical drugs may provide a promising strategy and unique advantages to reduce the dosage and side effects of chemical drugs while maintaining an effect on hypertension.

Influence of traditional Chinese medicine on spermatozoa infected in vitro with Escherichia coli

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most common cause of urogenital infection and is implicated in genesis of male infertility. In this in vitro study, the influence of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)-Qinglishengjing pills on spermatozoa infected in vitro with E. coli was studied. Semen samples were prepared by standard technique and sperm suspension was coincubated respectively with E2888 EARLE'S (group A as normal control), E. coli suspension (group B), mixture of E. coli suspension and TCM (group C) and mixture of E. coli suspension and Furadantin (group D) in vitro. After coincubation, motility parameters, phosphatidylserine (PS) externalisation and morphology of spermatozoa were evaluated. No significant difference between the group C and group A was found in sperm motility parameters (P > 0.05), whereas difference between group B and group A was significant after 2 h (P < 0.05) and 4 h (P < 0.01). Mixed agglutination and ultrastructure damage could be observed in group B and no apparent similar agglutination and ultrastructure damage were observed in other groups. There was no difference in PS externalisation per cent between the groups A and C (P > 0.05) and there was significant difference between the groups A and D, A and B, B and D, C and D (P < 0.01). TCM-Qinglishengjing pills could reverse E. coli effects on spermatozoa in vitro.