Influence Of Tin Research Articles

Microstructure and wear property of (TiN + NbC) double ceramic phase-reinforced in FeCrNiCoAl high-entropy alloy coating fabricated by laser cladding

This study delves into the influence of TiN and NbC ceramic particles on the phase structure, grain organization, microhardness, and wear resistance of FeCoNiCrAl High-Entropy Alloy (HEA) composite coatings produced through laser cladding. The integration of ceramic particles induced a dual BCC solid-solution phase structure (B2+BCC), with the formation of a TiNb phase upon the melting and interaction of TiN and NbC in the melt pool. The ceramic particles significantly modified the grain structure of the HEA coatings, disrupting the Columnar-to-Equiaxed Transition (CET) and favoring the emergence of equiaxed grains. The TiN particles induced a substantial refinement of grain size, albeit unevenly, while NbC had a milder effect. The combined presence of TiN and NbC particles resulted in a more uniform grain refinement, enhancing the mechanical properties of the coatings. Notably, the (TiN + NbC)/HEAs composite coating demonstrated superior mechanical performance under the synergistic effect of both ceramic particles. The average microhardness value increased by 55.80 % compared to 17-4Ph stainless steel, and the wear rate was reduced by 88.38 %, with the wear mechanism primarily involving abrasive and oxidative wear.

Influence of Tin (Sn) Dispersion on the Synthesis of Silicon Nanowires on Graphite Substrates for Li-Ion Batteries Anodes

In recent years, because of a more prominent power electrification, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have attracted more and more interest in the scientific community. The desire to increase the battery performance, capacity, and power density has led to the development of new electrode materials. Silicon has emerged as a prominent anode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries because of its high capacity [1] (10 times higher than graphite) and energy density. However, its utilization is limited by poor electronic conductivity and significant volume changes (up to 400%) observed during the lithiation-delithiation alloying process [1]. To address these challenges and promote wider adoption of silicon as an anode material, several strategies are being explored. Among these, one of the most promising approaches involves the use of silicon in nanowire form (SiNWs) [2,3] . SiNWs help to mitigate the volume expansion during cycling due to their nanostructure, hence giving higher capacity retention to the anode. In this study, SiNWs were directly grown on graphite flakes using tin (Sn) metal as seed through a straightforward and scalable synthesis method previously developed in our lab. This poster focused on the aim of achieving good homogeneity and dispersion of all the materials in order to optimize the SiNWs synthesis. To achieve this goal, an in-depth study has been performed on ball-mill mixing, investigating different milling times and speeds, and revealing the significant influence of these parameters on the final product. A comparative analysis between the ball-milled samples and those mixed using standard agitators demonstrates a reduced tendency for the formation of tin clusters in the ball-milled sample. Consequently, the ball-milled samples exhibit higher homogeneity in the distribution of the nanowires. These results have been confirmed by electrochemical tests performed in half-cells, that show the comparison of the performances for SNWs growth with different parameters.

Influence of Tin and Titanium on the Electrochemical Performance of Lithium-Rich Cathode Materials

Influence of Tin and Titanium on the Electrochemical Performance of Lithium-Rich Cathode Materials

Influence of tin(II), aluminum(III) and titanium(IV) catalysts on the transesterification of poly(L-lactic acid)

Influence of tin(II), aluminum(III) and titanium(IV) catalysts on the transesterification of poly(L-lactic acid)

ZnO–Sn@Graphene nanopowders: Integrative impact of tin and graphene on the microstructure, surface morphology, and optical properties

An insightful study intended to comprehend the integrative impact of tin and graphene on the physical features of ZnO–Sn@Graphene nanopowders communicated herein. A facile in situ wet chemical approach was utilized to synthesize ZnO–Sn@Graphene. Their microstructure, morphological, and optical properties were explored by employing analytical techniques such as x-ray diffraction, scanning and tunneling electron microscopy, UV–Vis diffused reflectance, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The influence of tin and graphene inclusion on the ZnO–Sn@Graphene was compared with the counterparts ZnO–Sn and ZnO. The ZnO–Sn@Graphene nanopowders revealed the lowest crystallite size value of 28 nm indicating the in situ synthesis strategy restricts the growth of nanoparticles on the graphene sheets. Morphological investigations depicted the graphene sheets keeping the semiconductor nanoparticles dispersed form. The amalgamation of ZnO–Sn with graphene leads to a significant reduction in the optical bandgap value of 3.20 eV. The ZnO–Sn@Graphene nanopowders disclosed an efficient photogenerated charge carriers separation and photoluminescence quenching.

Influence of tin (Sn) doping on Co3O4 for enhanced photocatalytic dye degradation

Wastewater remediation is one of the special issues that have been discussed in recent years and one of the main pollutants was dyes which totally changes the water behavior. To eradicate the organic compounds from the wastewater and reuse it, there are numerous steps have been taken into consideration. Dye degradation via photocatalysis is one of the promising technique with good efficiency. Pure and tin (Sn) doped Co3O4 was prepared employing co-precipitation technique. The structural, vibrational, optical and morphological analysis was done employing X-ray diffraction studies, Photoluminescence, Raman analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) studies. The well-defined nanoparticles were grown with 1 M Sn doped Co3O4. The photocatalytic activities of methylene blue dye under visible light were investigated by adding the samples (CS-1, CS-2, CS-3). 1 M Sn doped Co3O4 sample showed 75% efficiency towards dye degradation. The prepared 1 M Sn doped Co3O4 sample will be the best for photocatalytic activity. By doping Sn atoms the efficiency of the host is increased which will be the most promising candidate for the photocatalytic dye degradation applications.

SnO-reinforced silicate glasses and utilization in gamma-radiation-shielding applications

The influence of tin (II) oxide (SnO) on the γ-ray radiation-protection characteristics of binary silicate glass samples with the form (100 − x)SiO2–xSnO, 40 mol% ≤ x ≤ 60 mol%, was investigated. The density and molar volume of the glasses were determined. The values of μ/ρ (mass attenuation coefficients in cm2/g) of the investigated glasses were evaluated by using the XCOM software and Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport 5 simulation in the energy range of 0.015–15.000 MeV. The obtained values of μ/ρ show good agreement between the two methods. In terms of μ/ρ, several gamma ray protection parameters, such as half-value layer, mean free path, effective atomic number, exposure build-up factor (EBF) and energy absorption build-up factor (EABF), were calculated. The results revealed that the μ/ρ values of all samples can be arranged in the order SiSn60 > SiSn55 > SiSn50 > SiSn45 > SiSn40. The results showed that the half-value layers of the investigated samples were in the order SiSn40 > SiSn45 > SiSn50 > SiSn55 > SiSn60. The values of EBF and EABF show proportionate variations with the photon energy and chemical composition of the glasses. Therefore, the investigated glasses can be considered satisfactory materials for gamma ray protection, particularly the SiSn60 sample, with 60 mol% tin (II) oxide.

Воздействие некоторых сложных хемостимуляторов и модификаторов на термооксидирование InP

Воздействие некоторых сложных хемостимуляторов и модификаторов на термооксидирование InP

Comparison of the mechanical properties and electrochemical behavior of TiN and CrN single-layer and CrN/TiN multi-layer coatings deposited by PVD method on a dental alloy

Metallic materials used in medicine and dentistry should have high corrosion resistance and high biocompability. In this study, the influence of TiN, CrN and TiN/CrN layers on the hardness, surface roughness, and the corrosion resistance of Ni–Cr ceramic dental alloys in an artificial saliva environment (pH = 8) were evaluated. Ni–Cr dental alloys were produced by lost-wax casting and the TiN, CrN and TiN/CrN nanolayer coatings were deposited by means of arc-physical vapor deposition method. The microstructural characterization of selected alloys was performed before and after electrochemical tests, using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersion spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction. The surface roughness of the alloys was investigated by Profilometer. Surface characterization of the passive layer formed on the coated and uncoated Ni–Cr dental alloys in artificial saliva was studied using impedance spectroscopy measurement. The results showed that hardness of the ceramic-coated materials is noticeably greater than that of the uncoated substrate. Also, polarization and impedance spectroscopy measurements revealed that CrN coating has an exceptionally high polarization resistance compared to Ni–Cr dental alloy and TiN and TiN/CrN coatings.

Influence of TiN and TiCN Nanosised Modifying Compositions on the Corrosion Behaviour of AlSi10Mg

Influence of TiN and TiCN Nanosised Modifying Compositions on the Corrosion Behaviour of AlSi10Mg

Influence of tin (IV) doping on structural and optical properties of rhombohedral barium titanate (BaTiO3)

The impact of tin (IV-Sn4+) doping into rhombohedral barium titanate (BaTiO3) towards the enhancement of second harmonic generation (SHG) was studied. XRD analysis confirms retention of rhombohedral symmetry in Sn4+ doped BaTiO3. UV-Vis absorption study reveals that Sn4+ doping has no significant effect on the optical band gap of BaTiO3. Raman spectrum portrays that undoped and Sn4+ doped BaTiO3 nanopowder exhibits Raman active modes of rhombohedral symmetry. The studies displays that Sn4+ doped BaTiO3 has created non-centrosymmetry, which could be utilized for enhancement in SHG and possibility to improve the efficiency in rhombohedral BaTiO3 based solar cells.

The Influence of Tin(II) Incorporation on Visible Light Absorption and Photocatalytic Activity in Defect-Pyrochlores.

The defect pyrochlore KTaWO6 has been used to systematically investigate the effect of SnII incorporation conditions on the band structure and subsequent photocatalytic properties. Different tin precursors show varying influence on the resulting band gap. While the optimum conditions diminish the band gap by up to 1.4 eV, the increase in visible light absorption does not correlate with an increase of photocatalytic activity.

Influence of Tin on the Tribotechnical Properties of Complex Antifriction Aluminum Alloys

This article discusses the tribotechnical properties of complex aluminum antifriction alloys doped with tin in the range of 5.5 to 11.0%. Due to complex doping with additional ingredients these alloys are characterized by superior properties in comparison with bronze, which makes it possible to use them in the fabrication of monometallic plain bearings. It is demonstrated that upon complex doping the alloys have a multiphase heterogeneous structure after casting. It improves the self-organizing ability of these alloys upon friction. The synergistic influence of the dopants on the tribotechnical properties is revealed.

The influence of TiN and DLC deposition on the wear resistance of Nitinol – Ti6Al4V combination for the medical application

The influence of the TiN and DLC coatings deposition on the wear resistance of Nitinol – Ti6Al4V friction pair for the potential application in fusionless sliding spinal implants for the scoliosis correction was studied in this work. Wear tests were carried out using pin-on-disc scheme in diluted calf serum. It was found that the deposition of TiN or DLC only on titanium component of the Nitinol – Ti6Al4V friction combination can significantly improve it’s wear performance. Deposition of TiN or DLC coating on both components was found not to be effective due to delamination or wearing through of the coatings.

Sorption recovery of rhodium(III) from multicomponent chloride solutions in the presence of tin(II) chloride

The influence of tin (II) chloride additives on sorption of Rh(III) on the Purolite S920 ion exchange resin with isothiouronium groups, the Purolite S985 weak base anion exchange resin, and the Purolite A500 strong base anion exchange resin is investigated. It is established that the introduction of SnCl2 leads to a substantial increase in selectivity of all tested ion exchange resins to Rh(III) and in the sorption rate of Rh(III) on S985 and S920 ion exchange resins. The optimal dosage of SnCl2 (0.01 mol/L) at which the distribution coefficients of Rh(III) during sorption for all tested ion exchange resins reach maximal values is determined. It is shown that almost quantitative recovery of Rh(III) is attained when passing the multicomponent chloride solution of the composition (g/L) 0.2 Rh(III), 72.9 HCl, 53.5 NH4Cl, 2.7 Al(III), 1.23 Fe(III) and 5.9 Sn(IV) with the SnCl2 additive through the Purolite S920 ion exchange resin with isothiouronium groups. Desorption of Rh(III) from the Purolite S920 saturated ionite with the acidified thiourea solution is incomplete, no greater than 60%.

Modelling and Analysis of Relationship between Cutting Parameters Surface Roughness and Cutting Forces Using Response Surface Methodology when Hard Turning with Coated Ceramic Inserts

Experimental research and modeling in the field of turning hardened bearing steel with hardness of 62 HRC using TiN coated mixed oxide ceramic inserts is presented. The main objective of the article is investigation the relationship between cutting parameters (cutting speed and feed rate) and output machining variables (surface roughness and cutting force components) through the response surface methodology (RSM). The mathematical model of the effect of process parameters on the cutting force components and surface roughness is presented. Moreover, the influence of TiN coating on above mentioned variables was monitored. The design of experiment according to Taguchi L9 orthogonal matrix (32) was applied for trials. Pearson´s correlation matrix was used to examine the dependence between the factors (f, vc) and the machining variables (surface roughness and cutting force components). The results show how much surface roughness and cutting force components is influenced by cutting speed and feed in hard turning with coated ceramics.

P120] Influence of TiN and TiAlN layers on mechanical and thermal properties of Cr-Al-N coating

Incorporation of a fourth constituent into CrAlN coating to optimize its properties attracts great attention. Here, the effect of Si on the structure and properties of CrAlN coating is investigated. The solid solution of Si into CrAlN coatings promotes the w-AlN growth, and thus results in a structural transition from Cr0.48Al0.52N with single phase cubic structure to Cr0.42Al0.49Si0.09N and Cr0.37Al0.54Si0.09N with mixed cubic-wurtzite structure. An increase in hardness from ∼25.6 GPa for Cr0.48Al0.52N–∼34.4 GPa for Cr0.42Al0.49Si0.09N and ∼32.7 GPa for Cr0.37Al0.54Si0.09N is obtained due to the solution hardening and grain refinement. Annealing of Cr0.48Al0.52N leads to c-Cr formation via h-Cr2N under N2 releases as well as w-AlN precipitation. Alloying with Si retards the w-AlN precipitation and N-loss, where the final precipitation phases after annealing of the Si-containing coatings are w-AlN, c-Cr3Si and c-Cr, respectively. Furthermore, the oxidation resistance of CrAlN coating is also improved by Si-addition.

Influence of TiN and ZrN insertion layers on the microstructure, mechanical and thermal properties of Cr–Al–N coatings

Abstract Cr–Al–N coatings are widely used as wear protection for advanced machining and other high temperature applications due to their superior mechanical and thermal properties. Multilayer architecture to further optimize the properties of Cr–Al–N coatings attracts great attention. Here, we investigate the effect of TiN and ZrN insertion layers on the microstructure, mechanical and thermal properties of Cr–Al–N coatings by deposition of CrAlN/TiN and CrAlN/ZrN multilayer coatings with the same modulation period consisting of 7 nm CrAlN and 2 nm TiN (ZrN) sublayers. The CrAlN/TiN coating exhibits superlattice structure with coherent interfaces and thereby a high hardness value ~ 30.3 GPa, whereas only a hardness value of ~ 27.4 GPa is obtained by the CrAlN/ZrN coating with incoherent interfaces. The insertions of TiN and ZrN layers have a different influence on thermal decomposition process of Cr–Al–N coating during annealing due to the discrepancy of interfacial structure, where the TiN insertion layer improves the thermal stability of Cr–Al–N via deferring the w-AlN formation and N-loss, and the ZrN insertion layer has not obvious effect on the thermal stability. Nevertheless, CrAlN/TiN and CrAlN/ZrN coatings show a significantly inferior oxidation resistance than Cr–Al–N coating. After oxidation of 10 h at 900 °C the Cr–Al–N coating presents almost unaffected nitride layer thickness, whereas the CrAlN/TiN coating exhibits an oxide scale of ~ 0.9 μm and the CrAlN/ZrN coating has already been fully oxidized.

A tillering inhibition gene influences root-shoot carbon partitioning and pattern of water use to improve wheat productivity in rainfed environments.

Genetic modification of shoot and root morphology has potential to improve water and nutrient uptake of wheat crops in rainfed environments. Near-isogenic lines (NILs) varying for a tillering inhibition (tin) gene and representing multiple genetic backgrounds were phenotyped in contrasting, controlled environments for shoot and root growth. Leaf area, shoot and root biomass were similar until tillering, whereupon reduced tillering in tin-containing NILs produced reductions of up to 60% in total leaf area and biomass, and increases in total root length of up to 120% and root biomass to 145%. Together, the root-to-shoot ratio increased two-fold with the tin gene. The influence of tin on shoot and root growth was greatest in the cv. Banks genetic background, particularly in the biculm-selected NIL, and was typically strongest in cooler environments. A separate de-tillering study confirmed greater root-to-shoot ratios with regular tiller removal in non-tin-containing genotypes. In validating these observations in a rainfed field study, the tin allele had a negligible effect on seedling growth but was associated with significantly (P<0.05) reduced tiller number (–37%), leaf area index (–26%), and spike number (–35%) to reduce plant biomass (–19%) at anthesis. Root biomass, root-to-shoot ratio at early stem elongation, and root depth at maturity were all increased in tin-containing NILs. Soil water use was slowed in tin-containing NILs, resulting in greater water availability, greater stomatal conductance, cooler canopy temperatures, and maintenance of green leaf area during grain-filling. Together these effects contributed to increases in harvest index and grain yield. In both the controlled and field environments, the tin gene was commonly associated with increased root length and biomass, but the significant influence of genetic background and environment suggests careful assessment of tin-containing progeny in selection for genotypic increases in root growth.

Influence of TiN on viscosity of CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–(TiN) suspension system

The present study investigated the influence of TiN particle addition on the viscosity of CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 melts using the rotating cylinder method. In order to study the influences of particle size of TiN, two types of TiN particles (diameters 1·0 and 10 μm) were used. It was found that the viscosity of the TiN containing melt increases with the addition of the particles, but decreases with increasing cylinder rotation speed. The temperature dependence of viscosity for the same composition can be described by the Arrhenius law. It was also found that the temperature has little influence on the relative viscosity. There is also no obvious difference of activation energies for different compositions with or without the addition of TiN solid particle. Furthermore, it was found that for the same volume percentage of TiN addition, the smaller the size of TiN particle is, the higher the viscosity will be. The influence of TiN on viscosity appears to be much greater than that estimated by the Einstein–Roscoe equation. Better calculated results could be obtained by allowing the parameter of Einstein–Roscoe equation to vary with the rotation speed and particle size of TiN. The maximum volume fraction of TiN corresponding to an infinite viscosity increases with increasing rotation speed and decreasing the TiN particle size. Based on the Einstein–Roscoe equation, the apparent volume of TiN is about 1·98–3·20 times its real volume.Cette étude examine l’influence de l’addition de particules de TiN sur la viscosité de bains de CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 en utilisant la méthode du cylindre tournant. Afin d’étudier l’influence de la taille de particule du TiN, on a utilisé deux types de particules de TiN (diamètre de 1·0 μm et de 10 μm). On a trouvé que la viscosité du bain contenant du TiN augmentait avec l’addition de particules, mais diminuait avec l’augmentation de la vitesse de rotation du cylindre. On peut décrire la dépendance de la viscosité sur la température pour une même composition au moyen de la loi d’Arrhénius. On a également trouvé que la température avait peu d’influence sur la viscosité relative. Également, il n’y avait pas de différence évidente des énergies d’activation des différentes compositions, avec ou sans addition de particules solides de TiN. De plus, on a trouvé que pour un pourcentage de volume donné d’addition de TiN, plus petite était la taille de particule du TiN, plus élevée était la viscosité. L’influence du TiN sur la viscosité semble être beaucoup plus importante que la valeur estimée par l’équation d’Einstein–Roscoe. On pourrait obtenir de meilleurs résultats calculés en permettant au paramètre de l’équation d’Einstein–Roscoe de varier en fonction de la vitesse de rotation et de la taille de particule du TiN. La fraction volumique maximale du TiN correspondant à une viscosité infinie augmente avec l’augmentation de la vitesse de rotation et la diminution de la taille de particule de TiN. En se basant sur l’équation d’Einstein–Roscoe, le volume apparent de TiN est d’environ 1·98–3·20 fois son volume réel.