Influence Of Temperament Research Articles

TEMPERAMENT: HISTORICAL AND MODERN CONCEPTS IN PSYCHOSOMATIC RELATIONSHIPS

This article presents historical and modern ideas about the role of temperament in psychosomatic relationships. The evolution and origins of the study of temperament and the origins of the formation of psychosomatic medicine are described in detail. The issues of the pathogenetic influence of mental factors on the somatic state of a person are revealed. This article emphasizes how the autonomic nervous system makes an important contribution to the development of disorders of psychosomatic relationships. The final part of the article focuses on the importance of temperament in the development of the individual personality of children and adolescents. It is noted that temperament, like all properties of the body, is subject to age-related changes. In childhood, changes in temperament are due to maturation. Possession of certain properties of temperament does not directly determine how the child's personality will develop. However, the indirect influence of temperament on the formation of personality is undoubtedly.

Influence of temperament and emotional dysregulation on depressive symptoms in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A structural equation modelling analysis

ObjectiveDepressive symptoms in adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are common. Clinical evidence suggests that affective temperaments and emotional dysregulation are reasonable putative explanatory factors of this association. In this study, we thus investigated the role of these features in influencing concomitant depressive symptoms in adults with ADHD. MethodsOutpatients with ADHD were consecutively enrolled. Depressive symptoms were measured by the Symptom Checklist-90 Revised (SCL-90-R), while the Temperament Evaluation Memphis for Pisa, Paris, and San Diego-Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A) was used to assess the affective temperament dimensions. We tested emotional dysregulation using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Structural equation modeling was performed to test the interplay between temperament, emotional dysregulation, and depressive symptoms, accounting for other clinical variables that showed an association with depressive symptoms at univariate level. ResultsA total of 164 individuals with ADHD (mean age of 29.8 ± 10.7 years), of which 61 (37.2%) women, were recruited. Data showed that, accounting for the possible influence of psychopharmacological treatment and ADHD severity, both emotional dysregulation (p < 0.001) and dysthymic temperament (p = 0.003), though not other affective temperament dimensions, might influence depressive symptoms in people with ADHD. ConclusionsDespite some limitations, our study emphasizes the role of dysthymic temperament and emotional dysregulation in contributing to levels of depressive symptoms among individuals with ADHD. A comprehensive temperament assessment in adults with ADHD can offer valuable insights for developing tailored treatment strategies and enhancing overall patient care.

Influence of temperament on early neurodevelopmental disorders: a systematic review protocol

IntroductionSeveral studies have highlighted the role of temperament as a relevant construct to understand the wide variability observed in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) such as autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit...

The Influence of Temperament, Theory of Mind, Inhibitory Control, and Prosocial Behavior on Child Anxiety Symptoms in the First Five Years of Life.

Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent of all mental health disorders, often originating in early childhood and extending into later childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Determining salient risk factors that precede their development is important for prevention and intervention efforts. Towards this end, we examined the role of temperament, theory of mind, inhibitory control, and prosocial behavior on child anxiety symptoms in the first 5years of life. A community sample of children and their parents (N = 399) enrolled in a longitudinal study of emotion processing were assessed when the children were infants and at ages 2years, 3years, and 5years. Linear mixed models and linear regression models revealed that greater anxiety at 5years was associated with greater negative affectivity and behavioral inhibition, lower effortful control, lower theory of mind scores on the "desires" domain, and higher scores on the "intentions" domain (assessed from infancy to 3years of age). These characteristics may be useful to assess in clinical settings to evaluate a patient's risk for developing anxiety. They may also be useful in developinginterventions targeting specific vulnerabilities.

Influence of temperament on children’s cooperation during dental treatment

Influence of temperament on children’s cooperation during dental treatment

The Influence of Temperament on the Conveying Efficiency of UCG High Temperature Gathering Network

Due to the particularity of its gas source area and transportation medium, the factors affecting the efficiency of UCG pipeline transportation are also more complex than those of conventional natural gas. The dendriform UCG pipeline network model is designed through pipe network simulation software, aiming at different component conditions such as moisture, coal tar and dust, and aiming at different pressure and pressure drop changes of wellsite, branch line and trunk line respectively for quantitative analysis. The results show that the increase of the proportion of CH4 and H2 can improve the transport efficiency. With the increase of the proportion of H2O components, the transport efficiency will decrease. Tar in the group does not increase the transportation efficiency, and if the component is large, it will lead to liquid phase in the pipeline and reduce the transportation efficiency; The appearance of dust will reduce the efficiency of transportation.

Child temperament influence on social and emotional development of children in different ECCE centers

Child temperament influence on social and emotional development of children in different ECCE centers

The influence of temperament and perinatal factors on language development: a longitudinal study.

Early language development is characterized by large individual variation. Several factors were proposed to contribute to individual pathways of language acquisition in infancy and childhood. One of the biologically based explaining factors is temperament, however, the exact contributions and the timing of the effects merits further research. Pre-term status, infant sex, and environmental factors such as maternal education and maternal language are also involved. Our study aimed to investigate the longitudinal relationship between infant temperament and early language development, also considering infant gender, gestational age, and birthweight. Early temperament was assessed at 6, 9, 18, 24, and 30 months with the Very Short Form of Infant Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ-R) and the Very Short Form of Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire (ECBQ). Early nonverbal communication skills, receptive and expressive vocabulary were evaluated with the Hungarian version of The MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory (HCDI). Our study adds further evidence to the contribution of infant temperament to early language development. Temperament, infant gender, and gestational age were associated with language development in infancy. Infants and toddlers with higher Surgency might enter communicative situations more readily and show more engagement with adult social partners, which is favorable for communication development. Gestational age was previously identified as a predictor for language in preterm infants. Our results extend this association to the later and narrower gestational age time window of term deliveries. Infants born after longer gestation develop better expressive vocabulary in toddlerhood. Gestational age may mark prenatal developmental processes that may exert influence on the development of verbal communication at later ages.

Central sensitivity in fibromyalgia: testing a model to explain the role of psychological factors on functioning and quality of life.

Central sensitivity (CS) is defined as an increased responsiveness of nociceptive neurons in the central nervous system to normal or subthreshold inputs. CS has recently been linked to the psychological burden associated with chronic pain, such as fibromyalgia (FM). The primary objective of this study is to investigate the impact of specific psychological constructs on CS in patients with FM. In Study 1, we explore the influence of temperament, personality, childhood trauma, defence mechanisms, and mental pain on CS. In Study 2, our goal is to test the role of the best predictors of CS in influencing quality of life (QoL) and FM functioning through a path analysis model. A total of 510 women with FM participated online, completing a self-administered protocol. Data collection took place between April and June of 2023. In Study 1, higher levels of low sensory threshold (β=0.210), traumatic experiences of physical threat (β=0.141), neurotic defences (β=0.124), and mental pain (β=0.241) emerged as the strongest predictors of increased CS. In Study 2, the presented model demonstrated a satisfactory fit (chi2=27.200; df=10; p=0.002; GFI=0.984; NFI=0.949; CFI=0.967; RMSEA=0.061 [95% CI 0.034-0.090]) with large and medium effect sizes on physical (-0.576) and psychological (-0.190) QoL. The study underscores the pivotal role of psychological dimensions in influencing CS levels and their relationships with QoL in patients with FM.

The influence of temperament and sex on inhibitory control games: reward strategies

The influence of temperament and sex on inhibitory control games: reward strategies

Calm Hu Sheep Have a Different Microbiome Profile and Higher Energy Utilization Efficiency Than Nervous Hu Sheep

In sheep, temperament is known to affect animal welfare and the quality of animal products. While the composition of the gut microbiota is different between depressed patients and healthy human patients, in sheep, the influence of temperament on ruminal microbial species and abundance remains unknown. This study investigated the effects of temperament on parameters of rumen fermentation and microbial composition of rumen contents of Hu ram lambs. Using the pen score test, 6 lambs that scored 2 points or below (calm) and 6 lambs that scored 4 points or more (nervous) were selected from 100 ram lambs. The sheep were fed a standard diet for 60 days and rumen samples were collected at slaughter. The concentrations of propionic acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration were different between the calm and the nervous groups (p &lt; 0.05). At the phylum level, there were significant differences in Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes, and Spirochetes (p &lt; 0.05); and at the genus level, there were significant differences in the Christensenellaceae R-7 group, Treponema 2, Fibrobacter, and Ruminococcaceae UCG-003 (p &lt; 0.05). The present study suggests that differences in the rumen microbiota between the calm group and the nervous group could have an impact on the metabolism of carbohydrates and polysaccharides and explain why Calm Hu sheep have a higher energy utilization efficiency than nervous Hu sheep. More studies are needed to further understand the effect of temperament on specific pathways of the rumen microbiota.

Child temperament and physical activity in young children.

Children's temperament has been noted to influence their physical activity (PA) levels. Therefore, understanding the influence of temperament during the early years may be helpful for developing appropriate PA habits and tailoring interventions to align with different personality traits. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between child temperament and objectively-measured PA in preschool-aged children. Data were collected as part of the Supporting Physical Activity in the Childcare Environment (SPACE) and SPACE extension studies. Temperament data were collected using the validated Very Short Form of the Children's Behavior Questionnaire, which assessed three dimensions of temperament (i.e., surgency, negative affect and effortful control). Physical activity data were measured during childcare hours over the course of 5 days, using Actical® accelerometers. Total PA was summed, along with light and moderate-to-vigorous PA using age-specific cut-points. Three regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the prediction of PA by the dimensions of temperament. A total of 399 participants (Mage = 3.34 years, SD = 0.63) were retained for analyses, wearing an accelerometer an average of 7.21 h/day. Temperament significantly predicted all three PA levels (P < 0.05), with both negative affect and surgency being significantly associated with PA. Surgency is typified by a predisposition towards high activity levels; therefore, it is not surprising that it was the primary predictor of young children's PA. Future research may investigate methods of targeting PA interventions towards children with temperaments that may not predispose them to seeking out increased activity levels.

Anxious Temperament Predicts Poor Acceptance of Self and Life in Bipolar Disorder during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and the social distancing resulting thereof are having a great impact on psychological well-being. Studies investigating resilience found that it impacts mental health during crises. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of pre-crisis temperament on resilience in individuals with bipolar disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey was conducted in Austria between April and June 2020, including 36 individuals with bipolar disorder and 39 healthy controls. Resilience was assessed with the 13-item resilience scale, and temperament was measured with the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego-autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A). The bipolar disorder group showed lower resilience than the control group, and scored higher on the TEMPS-A for depressive, cyclothymic, and anxious temperaments. Resilience could be predicted by anxious temperament in individuals with bipolar disorder, and correlated negatively with depressive symptoms in both groups. The results suggest that anxious temperament influences the resilience of individuals with bipolar disorder, likely more than temporary hardships, such as the first months of the COVID-19 crisis. It is therefore important to improve the resilience of individuals with bipolar disorder not only by short-term interventions, but by strengthening resilience and reducing anxious temperament in the long term.

Influence of temperament on performance and carcass quality of commercial Brahman steers in a Colombian tropical grazing system

Temperament is defined as individual behavioral responses to potentially fear-eliciting or challenging situations related to human presence and handling. A total of 190 steers of commercial Zebu Brahman (Bos indicus) were used in this study, selected when they were between 10 and 11 months of age, fattened for 24 months (720 days) and slaughtered between 34 and 35 months of age. Using a temperament index (based on two tests: chute and exit score), animals were classified as calm, restless, or nervous. In general, calm animals had a longer carcass, a higher slaughter and fasting weight, and a normal pH24 (<5.7). However, carcass yield was significantly higher in nervous than in restless animals, but did not differ from that of calm steers. It is important to note that these results were obtained under experimental conditions, therefore, effects could have a greater impact on carcass quality under commercial conditions.

Temperament as a biological determinant of criminal behavior

The article is devoted to the analysis of criminal behavior biological determinants, namely the influence of temperament on a person's deviance. Biological factors play a significant role in the formation of criminal behavior. They determine the specific nature of a person's reactions to any influences.&#x0D; It is determined that temperament is a set of certain properties that quite stably characterize the dynamic features of the individual's psyche. In each case, it is fixed in the form of a psychological concept form of manifestation inherent in a particular individual lifestyle. Activity, reactivity, sensitivity, plasticity, extraversion, rate of reactions, emotionality, largely determine how a person lives, how he establishes and implements his relationship with the world.&#x0D; Several theories of temperament and its relationship with criminal behavior are analyzed there. It has been found that biological theories of determining criminal behavior were probably one of the first from another ones. Most biological theories arose within the criminological study of society.&#x0D; It is determined that in criminological reseaches, the study of temperament as a biological determinant of deviant behavior began to appear only in the late twentieth century in the works of American scientists. The main explanation for this fact is that much of the temperament research has been conducted by psychologists who study children at a very early age - long before they detect truly criminal behaviors. Manifested in the dynamic features of the human psyche and behavior, each type of temperament can have its advantages and disadvantages.&#x0D; Modern criminological research allows us to conclude that it is not a specific form of deviant behavior (for example, criminal) that is inherited, but rather individual psychological traits that increase the likelihood of deviance, such as impulsiveness, aggression, domination, or leadership.&#x0D; It is concluded that the biological determinants of criminal behavior act only in conjunction with the social ones and form a causal complex of crime and are a prerequisite for further development of measures to prevent crime in all its forms.

Metabolic profile and productivity of dairy Holstein cows milked by a pasture-based automatic milking system during early lactation: Effects of cow temperament and parity

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of temperament and parity on milk production and metabolic responses of Holstein cows in a pasture-based automatic milking system. Thirty-five primiparous and 58 multiparous cows were classified as ‘calm’, ‘intermediate’ or ‘reactive’ in each of the temperament tests conducted: milking reactivity (MR), race time (RT), flight speed, and flight distance. The milk yield and milk composition, as well as the blood biochemistry, were measured during the first 10 weeks of lactation. Primiparous cows produced less milk than multiparous cows (24.0 ± 0.8 vs. 34.2 ± 0.6 L/d, respectively, P ˂ 0.0001), while the serum beta-hydroxybutyrate concentration differences according to parity were not detected. Multiparous cows that were classified as ‘reactive’ on MR and RT tests produced 3 kg/d more milk and had greater concentrations of milk components than ‘calm’ cows (P ≤ 0.05). There was no such relation in primiparous cows. Also, cows scored ‘reactive’ on RT showed greater milking frequency (2.50 ± 0.05 vs. 2.35 ± 0.04 milking/d; P = 0.01) and blood beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations (1.28 ± 0.09 vs. 0.92 ± 0.10 mmol/L; P = 0.04) than RT ‘calm’ cows. In conclusion, the cows' temperament was associated with milk production and metabolism, which depended on parity and the temperament tests used. Although productive performance was different between parities, lipomobilization was not.

Behavioral Management as a Coping Strategy for Managing Stressors in Primates: The Influence of Temperament and Species.

Simple SummarySpecies, motivation, and temperament are characteristics that influence environmental perception and learning in animals, and consequently, welfare. We investigated the relationship between these individual traits and training success in primates to acquire skills for cooperation and participation with medical care including sample collection, drug administration, vitals monitoring, and examination. Despite behavioral differences related to temperament, all animals successfully completed the training program without significant differences in time required to acquire target skills. Training time was significantly different between rhesus and cynomolgus macaques, likely reflecting species differences in memory, motivation, reasoning, and learning. However, with the perspective of typical study duration and long lifespan in primates, this difference in time to completion was clinically irrelevant. A well-designed training program that is properly applied can establish positive coping skills in primates across temperament and other traits to strengthen psychological resilience, improving welfare and reducing stress confounding for more accurate scientific translation.Primates involved in biomedical research experience stressors related to captivity, close contact with caregivers, and may be exposed to various medical procedures while modeling clinical disease or interventions under study. Behavioral management is used to promote behavioral flexibility in less complex captive environments and train coping skills to reduce stress. How animals perceive their environment and interactions is the basis of subjective experience and has a major impact on welfare. Certain traits, such as temperament and species, can affect behavioral plasticity and learning. This study investigated the relationship between these traits and acquisition of coping skills in 83 macaques trained for cooperation with potentially aversive medical procedures using a mixed-reinforcement training paradigm. All primates successfully completed training with no significant differences between inhibited and exploratory animals, suggesting that while temperament profoundly influences behavior, training serves as an important equalizer. Species-specific differences in learning and motivation manifested in statistically significant faster skill acquisition in rhesus compared with cynomolgus macaques, but this difference was not clinically relevant. Despite unique traits, primates were equally successful in learning complex tasks and displayed effective coping. When animals engage in coping behaviors, their distress decreases, improving welfare and reducing inter- and intra- subject variability to enhance scientific validity.

Influence of temperament on stress resistance in youth

У статті розглянуто психологічні особливості впливу темпераменту на стресостійкість у юнацькому віці. Представлено та проаналізовано результати емпіричного дослідження впливу темпераменту на стресостійкість з подальшою статистичною обробкою даних. Методи: при дослідженні використано наступні психодіагностичні методики: методика на визначення типу темпераменту (Г. Айзенка), методика «Формула темпераменту» (А. Белова), методика діагностики темпераменту (Я. Стреляу),методика діагностики копінг-стратегій (Р. Лазарус), методика діагностики схильності до розвитку стресу (Немчинов, Тейлор). Для встановлення взаємозв’язку між показниками методик діагностики темпераменту та проявів стресу,застосовано кореляційний аналіз (Використано коефіцієнт кореляції Пірсона). Результати: у результаті теоретико-методологічного аналізу дослідження впливу темпераменту на стресостійкість у науковій літературі встановлено, що стресостійкість особистості – можна розглядати як уміння долати труднощі, сприймати власні емоції, розуміти настрої соціуму, проявляти витримку (Білова, 2007). Стресостійкість буде забезпечувати високу ефективність діяльності й сприятиме збереженню здоров'я людини, якщо вона буде креативно мислити у вирішенні своїх проблем (Наугольник, 2013). З’ясовано, що у наукових джерелах з проблематики стресостійкості науковці звертають увагу на вивчення чинників, що її детермінують. Саме темперамент багато в чому визначає потенційну стресостійкість організму. У результаті емпіричного дослідження та кореляційного аналізу встановлено, що особливості темпераменту та стресостійкість можуть бути взаємопов’язаними. Чим більше у студентів буде виражений тип темпераменту сангвініка та флегматика, тим вища у них буде стресостійкість. Чим більше у студентів буде виражений тип темпераменту холерика, тим нижча у них буде стресостійкість. Таким чином, типи темпераменту флегматика та сангвініка можуть свідчити про високий рівень стресостійкості людини. Визначено, чим більше у студентів буде виражений нейротизм, сила процесів збудження та рухливість нервових процесів, тим нижчий у них буде рівень стресостійкості. Чим більше у студентів буде виражена сила процесів гальмування, тим вища у них буде стресостійкість. Висновки: У результаті емпіричного дослідження і кореляційного аналізу встановлено, що темперамент впливає на стресостійкість у юнацькому віці. Ключові слова: темперамент, стрес, стресостійкість, юнацький вік, нейротизм.

Initial Study on COMT and DRD2 Gene Polymorphisms as Well as the Influence of Temperament and Character Trait on the Severity of Alcohol Craving in Alcohol-Dependent Patients.

The main aim of this work was to determine the impact of COMT and DRD2 gene polymorphisms together with temperament and character traits on alcohol craving severity alcohol-dependent persons. The sample comprised of 89 men and 16 women (aged ). For the sake of psychological assessment various analytic methods have been applied like the Short Alcohol Dependence Data Questionnaire (SADD), Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS) or Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) test. The SNP polymorphism of the analyzed genes was determined by Real Time PCR test. The results showed, that the COMT polymorphismmay have an indirected relationship with the intensity and changes in alcohol craving during abstinence. The DRD2 receptor gene polymorphisms are related with the intensity of alcohol craving. It seems that the character traits like “self-targeting”, including “self-acceptance”, are more closely related to the severity of alcohol craving and polymorphic changes in the DRD2 receptor than temperamental traits. Although this is a pilot study the obtained results appeared to be promising and clearly indicate the link betweengene polymorphisms alcohol craving and its severity.

Constitutional psychic human qualities influence on the emotional and psychic state at the patients with neurological spine disorders

Objective - to study the emotional and psychic state at the patients with neurological cervical spine disorders (NCSD) and determine of the constitutional psychic human qualities influence at the it. Methods and subjects. 87 patients (18-44 years old), who suffered from subacute and chronic NCSD, were examined by clinical-anamnestic, clinical-functional (vertebral neurological), clinical-neurological methods. Emotional and psychic state was examined by Spielberger-Hanin test and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Psychic functions of human constitution were studied by temperament type determining with using Eysenck’s EPQ questionnaire. Results and discussion. The course of subacute and chronic cervicalgia, cervicocranialgia, cervicobrachialgia (neck and shoulder pain) was characterized depression symptoms at the melancholic temperament type (at 76% patients, р&lt; 0,05). At the choleric temperament type depression symptoms was present meeted very often too (at 68% patients). At the sanguine temperament type depression symptoms was very rarely (at 29% patients). The peculiarities from reactive and personality anxiety were found too. It were at the melancholic and choleric patient highter significantly, than at the sanguine patients (p &lt;0,05, p &lt;0,01, p &lt; 0,001). Temperament influence on the depression symptoms and anxiety confirmed by reliable correlations. Conclusions. The emotional and psychic state at the patients with NCSD characterize as anxiety on the background of neurological symptoms of cervicalgia, cervicocranialgia, cervicobrachialgia (neck and shoulder pain). It this symptoms add with decreased performance, mood and sleep disturbances and all these complaints in the aggregate are summed up as depressive disorders, mainly of mild severity. Constitutional psychic human qualities, which included in temperament, influence on the it formation. The models of influence different temperament types on the emotional and psychic states at the patients with NCSD were represented. It points pathogenic significance of melancholic and choleric temperament types and sanogenetic qualities of sanguine type. Constitutional psychic human qualities and emotional and psychic state should be considere at the diagnostic and treatment patients with NCSD. Significance of the human constitution, emotional and psychic state for NCSD confirm by study results. It is background for following studies.