Influence Of Structural Conditions Research Articles

Efecto Pass-Through en México en condiciones de alta y baja volatilidad

El objetivo de este trabajo es medir el efecto Pass-Through en condiciones de alta y baja volatilidad cambiaria del peso-dólar sobre los precios de la Cadena Distributiva de Bienes en México. Se estimaron dos vectores autorregresivos con corrección de error y funciones de impulso-respuesta con datos mensuales de 2000 a 2017. Los resultados de las elasticidades de traspaso acumuladas indican qué, el Pass-Through genera un mayor cambio porcentual en los precios del productor, consumidor e importador en condiciones de alta volatilidad. Esto implica que el Banco de México podría instrumentar algunas medidas atenuantes a través de la política monetaria y cambiaria. Falta profundizar en las diferencias en velocidad y magnitud de traspaso a la CDB, lo que implica analizar la influencia de condiciones estructurales. Este trabajo destaca que el impacto en el traspaso del tipo de cambio ha sido substancialmente mayor para los precios al productor, quienes en un segundo orden lo traspasan a los precios del consumidor. Se puede concluir que el grado de volatilidad tiene un papel prominente sobre el nivel de traspaso.

The Influence of Structural Conditions and Cultural Inertia on Water Usage and Landscape Decision-Making in a California Metropolitan Area

Urban development and planning are increasingly centered on matters of sustainability, balancing economic development with ecosystem services and biological diversity within urban environments. In addition to these institutional and structural factors, the decision-making process within individual households must be understood to address rising concerns about water use. Therefore, individual characteristics and preferences that influence the use of water also warrant examination. In response to a survey of occupants of single-family residences in the Fresno Clovis Metropolitan Area of California, contextual interviews and focus group interviews with a homeowner sub-sample, we find evidence of an interplay of social—structural, institutional, and cultural factors involved in influencing individual water use behaviors and landscape decision-making. The complexity of residential behaviors and decision-making poses some potential issues with regards to the interactions between individual households and institutional actors in matters of water usage and landscaping, as residents surveyed indicate relatively little confidence in institutions and groups to make wise water policy decisions. We conclude that the promotion and implementation of sustainable water use practices will require not only environmental education for the citizenry, but also a tailoring of information for environmental educational initiatives that address the particularities of individual neighborhoods and communities.

Thermoemission Properties of Alloys on the Basis of Refractory Metals

This work presents an experimental investigation of influence of structural condition and thermal treatment on the thermoemission properties of the refractory alloys. It has been found that the combination of high-temperature strength and thermoemission is reached by creation of certain volume and surface structural conditions of cathodes.

The Structural Determinants of Justifiable Homicide

Although there is an abundance of research examining the influence of structural conditions on total homicides, less is known about the differential influence of structural conditions on homicides disaggregated by type. Justifiable homicide by civilians represents one type of homicide that has received little attention in the literature, particularly at the macro level. Given the debate about the role of guns in cases of self-defense, it is clear that this category of homicide is important to study for theoretical and practical reasons. The authors provide an empirical assessment of these issues using data from 188 U.S. cities with populations of more than 100,000. The findings indicate that cities with higher rates of violence, with more divorced men, and located in states with less restrictive gun laws on concealable firearms have higher rates of justifiable homicide. In addition, as cities increase the level of police per capita, justifiable homicide rates are significantly lowered. The implications of these findings for theory and policy are discussed.

Aggregation bias and the capacity for formal crime control: The determinants of total and disaggregated police force size in Milwaukee, 1934–1987

Recent longitudinal analyses of total police force size, both cross and within jurisdictions, raise serious questions about the explanatory power of the rational choice and conflict theories of crime control. Generally the empirical literature suggests that current levels of police force size are explained well by previous manpower levels and are relatively unresponsive to changes in the social structure of macro social units. This study explores the possibility that the failure to decompose police force size into its component parts may be masking the influence of structural conditions on crime control bureaucracies. We examine changes, over time, in the size of the total and disaggregated (patrol, detective, and civilian) police force in Milwaukee from 1934 to 1987. The findings suggest that police administrators may have more discretion to make adjustments to specific units than to total manpower levels. We discuss the implications of these results for rational choice and conflict theories.

Influence of structural condition on the tendency toward corrosion cracking of 38Kh5MSFA steel

Influence of structural condition on the tendency toward corrosion cracking of 38Kh5MSFA steel

Influence of structural condition on the fatigue failure of MA12 magnesium alloy in air and in vacuum

1. The growth rate of a fatigue crack in all of the investigated structural conditions of MA12 magnesium alloy is less in vacuum than in air. Vacuum retards the growth of a crack to a greater degree in the aged condition than in the annealed. 2. The growth rate of a fatigue crack in vacuum is described by the same equation as in air but the values of the coefficients C and n for these media are different. An exception is the exponent n in the area of accelerated crack growth, which has the same value in air and in vacuum. 3. Vacuum does not influence the critical value of the amplitude of stress intensity coefficient at which there is a sharp increase in the crack growth rate and the depth of the plastic zone. 4. In all of the structural conditions of the alloy, the formation of the subgrain structure formed in vacuum occurs in a greater number of grains than in air. With the same value of Kmax the depth of this zone is greater in vacuum than in air. 5. With one and the same size of plastic zone, crack growth rate is greater in air and exceeds that in vacuum by an order of magnitude. Between the crack growth rate and the depth of the plastic zone there is an exponential relationship in which the coefficient and the exponents are constants dependent upon the medium over the whole crack length.