Influence Of Social Desirability Research Articles

Cannabis Use Behaviors and Related Harms among Adults in Thailand by Sex Assigned at Birth and Age Groups

Objective: The objectives of this study were to describe: 1) cannabis use behaviors; 2) self-reported cannabis-related harms and harmful behaviors among adults in Thailand, stratified by sex (assigned at birth) and age groups.Material and Methods: A nationally-representative survey among adults in Thailand in May 2023 was conducted. Data using descriptive statistics with sampling weight adjustment was analyzed.Results: Among the study participants (n=2,191 participants), approximately 15% of the participants were current cannabis users (estimated number: 7.5 million people aged 20 or over nationwide). Former and current users reported recreation or other non-medical purposes as the primary purposes of use (93% combined). Ingestion was the most common method of cannabis use. Male participants were more likely than female participants in all age groups to report using smoked cannabis. The most common harmful was riding a motorcycle after having used cannabis, although virtually no participants reported road accidents after same-day cannabis use.Conclusion: This study's data provided basic information for relevant stakeholders. However, the lack of detailed information, the potential influence of social desirability, and the limited temporal generalizability should be considered in the interpretation of this study’s findings.

Understanding the Association Between Social Desirability, Trait-Seriousness, and Trait-Cheerfulness in Indian Mothers

This quantitative study explores the positive psychological traits exhibited by Indian mothers and their implications for holistic parenting. The study intends to explore the influence of social desirability (SD) on trait-cheerfulness (TCH) has the potential to inform interventions and programs that promote positive parenting practices. Data were collected from 32 participants using a questionnaire with items from State-Trait-Cheerfulness-Inventory-T-60 (STCI-T-60) and The Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale-Short Form to measure TCH, trait-seriousness (SE), bad-mood (BD) and SD, respectively. The scores were converted to numerical values, SD = 88.46%, TCH = 86.25%, TSE = 80%, BM = 58.75%, for correlation analysis. The results suggest a positive relationship between SD and cheerfulness, emphasizing the importance of managing negative emotions and striking a balance between responsibility and playfulness in raising children. This research highlights the significance of supporting Indian mothers in managing negative emotions, fostering positive emotional climates, and maintaining a balance between responsibility and playfulness. By integrating these findings into parenting interventions, professionals can promote the overall well-being of Indian mothers and their children, creating a positive and nurturing environment for healthy development.

Study of the Relationship between Perfectionism and Subjective Well-Being

This paper presents the results of studying the relationship between subjective well-being and perfectionism on data samples from 238 people. The analysis of the results was carried out taking into account the influence of social desirability and gender of the subjects. Correlations were found between the scales of subjective well-being and the indicators of “negative” perfectionism. These relationships were the most pronounced in women group. In the general sample, no correlation of well-being with self-oriented perfectionism was found. However, in the group of men such relationship may exist.

Chinese Vocational School Students' Achievement Motivation in Different Educational Models

The Chinese government is currently experimenting with a new approach to teacher training to address the shortage of teachers in rural schools. This model is called the free teacher training model. Students enter vocational schools after high school to train as preschool teachers for five years, after which they can get a steady job in a public kindergarten. The researcher sought to explore whether the achievement motivation levels of these teacher-education students would be affected by such an educational model. In this study, it was hypothesized that students would be less motivated to achieve in their studies because they would not need to find a job. However, the researcher's survey data indicated that there was no significant difference between the achievement motivation levels of these students who did not have to worry about employment and those who had to worry about employment. Such results surprised the researcher, and the researcher believes there are several possible reasons for such results. For example, these students did not have employment as their primary orientation to learning. Or these students did not fill in their real situation because they were concerned about the influence of social desirability.

Model for monitoring the psychological safety of young people based on automated analysis of queries in search engines

The paper considers the method of parsing and processing information in combination with classical psychological science. The result of the synthesis of the two directions was a predictive model of the mood and psychological state of city residents. The analysis of information about self-destructive practices and the need for psychological assistance based on search engine statistics is one of the most objective analysis tools, since it allows you to evaluate large amounts of information without the influence of social desirability and socio-cultural stereotypes about psychological assistance. The study showed that the analysis of queries in a search engine can serve as an important source of information about psychological security, self-destructive practices and the dynamics of demand for the services of specialists in helping professions. The results of the work can be used to visualize and track the seasonal dynamics of requests for psychological help and monitoring the quality of life of the population. In the course of the work, 30 topics in the field of psychology were analyzed, a database and a predictive model of the psychological state of urban residents based on big data from search engines were developed.

Understanding the relationships among self-ascribed gender traits, social desirability, and ambivalent sexism

The stereotypical gender traits used in self-descriptions could contribute to shape ambivalent sexist attitudes toward women, including antipathy toward women who appear to threaten the gender hierarchy (i.e., hostile sexist attitudes) and affection for women who embrace traditional feminine roles (i.e., benevolent sexism). Empirical evidence associates more stereotypically feminine traits with benevolent sexism and masculine traits with hostile sexism but does not offer a clear picture, likely because of the non-controlled effect of social desirability and other gender traits in those relationships. We examine whether self-ascribed masculine traits moderate the modulating influence of social desirability in the linkage between feminine traits and benevolent sexism, and whether self-ascribed feminine traits moderate the modulating effect of social desirability in the association between masculine traits and hostile sexist attitudes. Results reveal that stereotypical gender traits and social desirability are connected to benevolent and hostile sexism, although differently. The gendered profile of those with benevolent attitudes (i.e., participants who self-attribute largely feminine traits) is different from those with hostile attitudes (i.e., participants who self-ascribe mainly masculine traits). In addition, the need to gain others’ approval or, more importantly, to avoid their disapproval, leads individuals to offer more socially desirable responses that mask their hostility toward women, whereas this need is less evident when hiding benevolent attitudes. As benevolent sexism is more pervasive in society and, unlike hostile sexism, is not easily recognized as a type of prejudice, it is harder to counteract and, therefore, to eliminate.

Introduction of the French version of the Multidimensional Orientation Toward Dying and Death Inventory (MODDI-F/fre)

Research on death-related attitudes needs complex assessment instruments for multicultural contexts. The French version of the Multidimensional Orientation Toward Dying and Death Inventory was factor analytically constructed with data from Europe and Canada (N = 370). The 24-item instrument with five and three scales in the fear and acceptance domain, respectively, shows favorable psychometric properties. The influence of social desirability is negligible. Women tended to express stronger fears and weaker acceptance of dying and death. Gender differences emerged concerning Fear of One’s Own Dying and Fear of Corpses, with women scoring higher than men on both dimensions. The importance of assessing attitudes toward dying and death transdiagnostically is outlined.

Attitudes of nursing students towards mental health and the influence of social desirability: a cross-sectional study

PurposeIdentifying negative attitudes toward mental illness among students on nursing undergraduate degrees can help to design teaching strategies able to reduce the stigma attached to this condition. This study aims to assess attitudes toward mental health and intentions regarding future behavior in university nursing students initiating their training in the treatment of mental health problems (MHPs).Design/methodology/approachA descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study was designed. A sample of 162 nursing students completed scales to assess their attitudes toward mental health, stigma, predicted behavior and social desirability. Simple and a multiple linear regression was performed adjusted for the social desirability scale result.FindingsNursing students with previous experience of MHPs presented positive attitudes and behavioral intentions toward mental illness. Those who had no such experience before their training in mental health nursing presented certain stigmatizing attitudes. Attitudes toward MHPs may be affected by stigma and also by social desirability bias. The training in mental health care given to nursing students should aim to reduce its influence to help them carry out their future duties efficiently and compassionately.Originality/valueThis study demonstrates the relevance of university teaching plans, which should place special emphasis on promoting knowledge and developing skills and attitudes in nursing students undergoing training in mental health care to ensure optimal levels of performance in their future careers.

Effects of individual differences, society, and culture on youth-rated problems and strengths in 38 societies.

Clinicians increasingly serve youths from societal/cultural backgrounds different from their own. This raises questions about how to interpret what such youths report. Rescorla etal. (2019, European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 28, 1107) found that much more variance in 72,493 parents' ratings of their offspring's mental health problems was accounted for by individual differences than by societal or cultural differences. Although parents' reports are essential for clinical assessment of their offspring, they reflect parents' perceptions of the offspring. Consequently, clinical assessment also requires self-reports from the offspring themselves. To test effects of individual differences, society, and culture on youths' self-ratings of their problems and strengths, we analyzed Youth Self-Report (YSR) scores for 39,849 11-17 year olds in 38 societies. Indigenous researchers obtained YSR self-ratings from population samples of youths in 38 societies representing 10 culture cluster identified in the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavioral Effectiveness study. Hierarchical linear modeling of scores on 17 problem scales and one strengths scale estimated the percent of variance accounted for by individual differences (including measurement error), society, and culture cluster. ANOVAs tested age and gender effects. Averaged across the 17 problem scales, individual differences accounted for 92.5% of variance, societal differences 6.0%, and cultural differences 1.5%. For strengths, individual differences accounted for 83.4% of variance, societal differences 10.1%, and cultural differences 6.5%. Age and gender had very small effects. Like parents' ratings, youths' self-ratings of problems were affected much more by individual differences than societal/cultural differences. Most variance in self-rated strengths also reflected individual differences, but societal/cultural effects were larger than for problems, suggesting greater influence of social desirability. The clinical significance of individual differences in youths' self-reports should thus not be minimized by societal/cultural differences, which-while important-can be taken into account with appropriate norms, as can gender and age differences.

The Influence of Social Desirability on Sexual Behavior Surveys: A Review

Research in fields for which self-reported behaviors can be compared with factual data reveals that misreporting is pervasive and often extreme. The degree of misreporting is correlated with the level of social desirability, i.e., the need to respond in a culturally appropriate manner. People who are influenced by social desirability tend to over-report culturally desired behaviors and under-report undesired behaviors. This paper reviews socially desirable responding in sexual behavior research. Given the very private nature of the sexual activity, sex researchers generally lack a gold standard by which to compare self-reported sexual behaviors and have relied on the anonymity of participants as the methodology to assure honest answers on sexual behavior surveys. However, indirect evidence indicates that under-reporting (e.g., of a number of sexual partners, receptive anal intercourse, condom use) is common. Among the general population, several studies have now reported that even with anonymous responding, there are significant correlations between a variety of self-reported sexual behaviors (e.g., use of condoms, sexual fantasies, exposure to pornography, penis size) and social desirability, with evidence that extreme under- or over-reporting is as common as is found in other fields. When asking highly sensitive questions, sex researchers should always include a measure of social desirability and take that into account when analyzing their results.

Impact of Social Desirability and Environmental Awareness on Ecological Behavior among Students

In present scenario, Indian government has regulated many policies and pro environment action with an aim of being aware about environment under which we continue to live. Although, it is not only government responsibility towards developing pro environment attitude rather it should be emerges from us for our nature. However, people become more sensitive for their livelihood needs than environmental concerns which are remarkable notion. So, the present study attempted to study the pro environment attitude and ecological behavior dynamics with an influence of social desirability.

The development of positive attitudes toward mental health among university nursing students: Countering the role of social desirability

This study analyses the evolution of attitudes of nursing students towards mental health, paying particular attention to the influence of social desirability. Prospective longitudinal repeated-measures study in a sample of nursing students who completed the Community Attitudes toward Mental Illness scale and The Social Desirability Scale. After their training, and after adjusting for social desirability, students of female gender recognized attitudes that foster humanistic values than their male counterparts. However, attitudes of restrictiveness and authoritarianism continued to be manifested significantly when the students themselves had mental health problems (MHPs), had had previous training, or were older. University courses should continue to foster attitudes of acceptance and destigmatization of people with MHPs, through responses that value authenticity.

Validation of the Substance Abuse Scale of the Personal and Relationships Profile

Abstract There have been limited measurement studies of the substance abuse scale of the Personal and Relationships Profile (PRP) and the impact of social desirability on alcohol and drug use reporting. This study aimed to (a) model the factor structure of the eight-item substance abuse scale of the PRP and (b) examine the relationship of substance use factors with sociodemographic variables—race, income, age, marital status—and social desirability on substance use reporting among a sample of low-income fathers. The study included secondary data analysis of 665 fathers, who participated in a fatherhood program between 2011 and 2015. The two-factor model with the addition of two error covariances exhibited acceptable fit to the data. Sociodemographic characteristics were significantly associated with alcohol and drug use among the sample with social desirability being the strongest predictor of lower alcohol and drug use reporting. Findings suggest that alcohol and drugs are distinct constructs that should be assessed separately, despite being correlated. In social work practice and research, the influence of social desirability in reporting should be accounted for when assessing substance use.

Direct versus Indirect Well-Being Measures: Using Partially Structured Stimuli to Evaluate Well-Being

Given the important limitations of direct (explicit) measures, the study of indirect (implicit) measures of psychological constructs has received increased attention of social researchers. However, in the field of well-being the measures that have traditionally been used have tried to capture people’s well-being in an explicit and direct way, with some exceptions that are based mainly on adaptations of the Implicit Association Test (IAT). Given the critics that the IAT has received, the first aim of the present research was to develop a new life satisfaction measure using partially structured stimuli (PSWBS). The second goal was to examine the relation between direct and indirect well-being measures. In the first study, PSWBS showed good internal consistency, test–retest reliability and construct validity. Factorial analyses indicated that this measure acted as an indirect measure. In addition, direct and indirect well-being showed a significant but weak relation. To explain this result, in a second study we analyzed the moderating role of social comparison orientation on the relation between direct and indirect well-being measures. As expected, more social comparison tendency implied a stronger relation. In a third study we analyzed the criterion validity of both kind of measures. The PSWBS, the Personal Wellbeing Index-Adults and the Satisfaction With Life Scale significantly correlated with a criterion validity coefficient in terms of a semi-structured interview made by an external experimenter. Finally, in a fourth experiment we analyzed the influence of social desirability on direct and indirect measures of well-being. In contexts of high desirability, partially structured stimuli seemed to be more resistant to response factors (e.g., control of impressions) than traditional direct measures.

Predictors of Individual Differences in Lie Acceptability in Adolescence: Exploring the Influence of Social Desirability, Callous Unemotional Traits and Somatization

"Lie acceptability is defined as an attitude toward lying that can vary along a continuum, from considering that lying is completely unacceptable, to a most lenient view upon deception. The present research focused on identifying factors associated with individual differences in lie acceptability in a sample of Romanian adolescents (N =167, 14-19 years). We investigated associations between variables with a preliminary documented theoretical and/or empirical association with lie acceptability (callous-unemotional traits or social desirability), along with exploratory age-specific measures of somatization. Our results revealed that male adolescents who displayed high callousness, uncaring, or somatization tended to view lying as more acceptable. Social desirability did not predict lie acceptability above and beyond these individual predictors. The implications of these findings for attempts to reduce problematic deceptive behavior in adolescence are discussed."

Does Social Desirability Influence Preceptors’ Completion of Student Experiential Evaluations?

Many variables influence a preceptor's experiential evaluation of a pharmacy learner. However, the impact of social desirability bias, or the measure of an individual's need for social approval, and its impact on the truthfulness of an evaluation is not well understood. Social desirability may present a barrier to students receiving accurate and truthful evaluations. Differences in the effect of social desirability may be seen between full-time faculty and non-faculty preceptors. Colleges of pharmacy should work to support preceptors by providing professional development, standardizing evaluation processes, and ensuring two-way communication. Additionally, a social desirability measure could be used for each preceptor and used by the experiential team to identify preceptors potentially in need of additional development. Future studies should evaluate the effect of social desirability on how preceptors complete evaluations, and propose methods to mitigate this form of bias in the evaluation process.

Predicting Personality based on Self-Introduction Video

Abstract Personality affects individual’s work and life style, and has important guiding significance for individual’s psychological counseling and career development. Traditionally, researchers use scales to measure personality. However, in the psychological assessment of job hunting and enrollment, it can’t rule out the possibility of answer deceptively under the influence of social desirability. In recent years, with the development of machine learning, new techniques have been developed for personality recognition. This paper uses participants’ self-introduction videos and Big Five personality scale scores to train five-dimensional personality prediction model by key point recording, feature extraction and dimensionality reduction, modeling, and iterative tuning. The results show that the prediction scores of the personality model based on the self-introduction video is close to or achieved medium correlation with scores of questionnaires in all dimensions (r=0.32~0.44, p

Addiction, locus of control and health status: A study on patients with substance use disorder in recovery settings

ABSTRACTObjective: This study aims at testing (a) the association between locus of control and socio-demographic, drug use, and treatment-related variables in patients with drug addiction following rehabilitation, and (b) whether locus of control may account for physical and mental health status also controlling for social desirability responding. Methods: Seventy-eight participants were recruited within therapeutic communities for drug rehabilitation treatment. They completed measures of locus of control (LCB), health-related status (SF-12) and social desirability responding (BIDR-6 short form) and provided further socio-demographic, drug use, and treatment-related information. T-tests, Pearson’s correlations, and hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. Results: Education and treatment duration represent the only two meaningful factors potentially favoring higher internal locus of control. Locus of control results to be a predictor of mental health status, explaining for about 6.5% of the outcome variance. However, when considering the potential influence of social desirability responding such a relationship does not remain statistically significant anymore. Conclusion: The study provides some insights about the relationship between locus of control and individual and treatment-related variables, that could be further explored to promote treatment success in rehabilitation programs. As well, social desirability arises as a major concern to be handled when dealing with substance use populations.

Implicitly measuring attitudes towards inclusive education: a new attitude test based on single-target implicit associations

Recent research on attitudes towards inclusion uses almost exclusively explicit measures such as questionnaires. Unfortunately, explicit attitude measures are biased by social desirability, particularly when the attitude object is ‘sensible’, as with inclusive education. Implicit attitude measures are less prone to social desirability, but research on implicit attitudes towards inclusive education is scarce. Thus, we introduce a new attitude measure based on the Single-Target Implicit Association Test (ST-IAT). In our study, 163 teacher students took the new implicit attitude test and completed questionnaires on their explicit attitudes towards inclusive education and persons with disabilities and a comprehensive scale on socially desirable responding. The results support the psychometric quality of our ‘Inclusion ST-IAT’. The implicit and explicit attitude measures are correlated but empirically distinct. Furthermore, the social desirability scores were associated with explicit but not with implicit attitudes towards inclusion, i.e. our measure of attitudes towards inclusion (a sensible topic) was not biased by social desirability. We propose that implicit measures should be used to reduce the influence of social desirability in inclusive education research. To encourage replications, we outline important research questions and provide the source code of our ST-IAT, which is open and free to use.

Eating behaviour among nutrition students and social desirability as a confounder

IntroductionThe study of eating behaviour should consider the presence of potential sources of bias, including social desirability. This is particularly relevant among students of Nutrition Sciences, since they have a higher risk of eating disorders. ObjectiveTo analyse the effect of social desirability in the assessment of eating behaviour dimensions among nutrition students. MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we analysed data from 149 students of Nutrition Sciences. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing social desirability and eating behaviour dimensions (emotional, external and binge eating, flexible and rigid control, and eating self-efficacy). ResultsAmong males, social desirability had a negative association with binge eating, while among women it had a negative association with emotional, external and binge eating and a positive association with eating self-efficacy. In both subsamples, social desirability showed no significant association with any of the two types of dietary restraint (rigid and flexible control). DiscussionOverall, the association between social desirability and eating behaviour dimensions among students of Nutrition Sciences occurs in the same direction as found in students from other areas. However, alongside these similarities, there is a stronger association between social desirability and binge eating among male students of Nutrition Sciences. We hypothesize that this may be related with the different knowledge of students from different areas, and the way they perceive and face the treatment of eating disorders. ConclusionOur study shows that social desirability should be considered while assessing eating behaviour among nutrition students, particularly when studying external eating, binge eating and eating self-efficacy. Moreover, when tailoring interventions to reduce the possible effects of eating behaviour on nutritionists and dieticians' practice, we should consider the influence of social desirability.