Fibrous porous ceramics have been receiving more and more applications in the thermal protection field of vehicles. In this study, we prepared Y2Si2O7 fibrous porous ceramics (YFPCs) from Y2Si2O7 fibrous membranes via the molding method. The influence of sintering time and binder concentration on the properties of YFPCs was studied, and the oxyacetylene ablation behavior with different heat fluxes was also investigated. The results showed that YFPCs obtained at 2 h sintering time had a stable component composition and constant mechanical strength. YFPCs prepared at 40 wt% binder concentration had the maximum density and compressive strength, 0.47 g/cm3 and 0.68 MPa, respectively. The as-prepared ceramics exhibited favorable ablation resistance after oxyacetylene ablation for 120 s. The minimum linear ablation rate was 2.02 μm/s when the ablated surface temperature reached 1390 °C. When the surface temperature increased to 1872 °C and 2200 °C, the fibers on the ablated surface began to melt, and the linear ablation rate increased to 9.63 μm/s and 77.63 μm/s, respectively.