Influence Of Sewage Sludge Research Articles

Влияние осадков сточных вод на тест-растения и агрохимические свойства почв

Purpose: to assess the fertilizing value of sewage sludge. Materials and methods. The material used for research was sewage sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants in Novocherkassk with a three-year stay period on the sludge map. The research was carried out as a part of a vegetation experiment on soils selected from agricultural lands in Aksai district Rostov region. According to the analysis, the soils are non-degraded, non-saline with a low humus content and an average nutrient content. The granulometric composition of soils is dominated by coarse silt fractions. Sewage sludge, on the contrary, is characterized by a high content of organic matter and nutrients; sand fractions predominate in the granulometric composition. Radish and watercress were used as test plants as they were the most sensitive to the presence of contaminants. Soil bioproductivity was assessed by seed germination, total biomass, and average biomass per plant. Results and discussions. The best germination of plant seeds was noted in variants with the application of sewage sludge to soils in comparison with both the control and the variant of using fertilizers in similar doses of the active substance. Under the influence of sewage sludge, changes in the qualitative composition of soils were noted: the amount of nitrates, phosphates, calcium ions and sulfates increased, and the content of organic matter increased. Conclusions. The positive effect of sewage sludge on plants has been determined: the radish yield increased by 55 % with the use of sewage sludge, and by only 10 % with the use of azofoska (nitrogen-phosphorus potassium fertilizer); the watercress yield increased by 29 % against the background of the use of sewage sludge and by 2 % against the background of the use of azofoska. In variants with the application of sewage sludge, an increase in the content of organic matter by an average of 30 % is observed. In soil samples with sewage sludge, an increase in the nitrogen content by 30–59 %, phosphorus by 67–78 % compared to the control was noted, and when azofoska was added, in comparison with control samples, the amount of nitrogen increased by 5–23 %, and phosphorus by on average by 50 %.

Influence of sewage sludge, Rhizobium and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on nutrient uptake, growth, photosynthetic and biochemical attributes in Cicer arietinum L.

Influence of sewage sludge, Rhizobium and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on nutrient uptake, growth, photosynthetic and biochemical attributes in Cicer arietinum L.

The Influence of Sewage Sludge and Fly Ash Fertilization on the Total Number of Bacteria (TNB) and Bradyrhizobium Species in Soybean Agroecosystem

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of different chemical properties in soil, including changes in magnetic susceptibility and the impact of humic substances from sewage sludge and fly ash on the microbial community in the soybean agroecosystem. A field experiment was carried out using the random plot method on Cambisol with a texture of silt loam. The experiment consisted of 24 plots (six treatments and four replications) using different dozes of sewage sludge and fly ash. The following physicochemical and chemical analyses were performed in the soil samples: pH in KCl, conductivity (λ), total content of heavy metal, magnetic measurements and fractional composition of organic matter. The TNB and the number of the species of Bradyrhizobium in the field cultivation of the soybean variety Lissabon were evaluated using the spread plate method. The total content of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb, Cr, Hg, Fe) in the analyzed treatments showed a significant difference between them. The study of the magnetic parameter χ indicated a significant differentiation between treatments from 34.0 to 65.8 × 10−8·m3·kg−1. High correlation coefficients between χ and Fe (r = 0.789), Zn (r = 0.653), Cr (r = 0.617) and TOC (r = 0.949) indicated that the source of these elements was external organic matter. Biological tests (TNB and species of Bradyrhizobium) in different experimental treatments indicated significant relationships between them and showed the resistance of the microbial community in the field cultivation of Lissabon soybean to heavy metal contamination from sewage sludge and fly ash. The study confirmed that external organic matter, such as sewage sludge, can be used as an alternative to natural fertilizers for soybean production.

Influence of sewage sludge and saline water irrigation on soil soluble ions and nutrient uptake under Pearl millet-Wheat cropping system in semi-arid region

Salinity is the most common problem in arid and semi-arid regions hindering nutrient accumulation in plants. A field trial (2017-18) was carried out to study the effect of sewage sludge (SS) and saline water irrigation on nutrient uptake under the pearl millet-wheat system and soluble ions in the soil. The experiment consisted of three irrigation levels (canal water, 8 and 10 dS/m ECiw saline water) and five fertilizer treatments i.e., control, sewage sludge (SS)- 5 t/ha, SS (5 t/ha) + 50% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), SS (5 t/ha) + 75% RDF and 100% RDF where sewage sludge was applied in rabi season only. The results indicated that the saline water irrigation significantly increased the concentrations of soluble ions (Na+, K+, Ca2++Mg2+, HCO3-, SO42- and Cl-) in the soil, and also the increase was non-significant under sewage sludge application. Na+ and Cl- ions were dominated under saline conditions among the soluble ions in the soil. The nutrient (N, P and K) uptake by grain and stover/straw of pearl millet and wheat crops were significantly reduced under saline environment. However, the maximum uptake in both crops was obtained under canal water irrigation (0.35 dS/m). Among fertilizer treatments, the maximum uptake (NPK) in both crops was attained under RDF being at par with SS (5 t/ha) + 75 RDF except K uptake in pearl millet crop, where the highest K uptake was obtained with SS (5 t/ha) + 75 RDF which was remained statistically at par with RDF treatment. The interactive effect was however non-significant. It is concluded that incorporating SS would enhance nutrient uptake in crops under saline conditions besides solving its dumping problem.

Changes in the key agrochemical properties of soddy-podzolic soil after fertilisation of jerusalem artichoke with sewage sludge

Studies have shown that the introduction of sewage sludge and composts based on it under Jerusalem artichoke significantly affects the change in agrochemical parameters of soddy-medium-podzolic soil, contributing to an increase in the content of alkaline-hydrolysed nitrogen compounds by 2.2-13.4 mg/kg of soil compared to the control and determining the content at the level of 51.2-56.5 mg/kg of soil in the upper (0-20 cm) and 27.9-31.6 mg/kg of soil – in the lower (20-40 cm) soil layer. The content of ammonium nitrogen compounds in the variants with fertiliser application fluctuated in a small range of values (16-21 mg/kg of soil) and increased under the influence of increasing fertilizer doses. Along with the change in the content of nitrate nitrogen, this contributed to an increase in the content of mineral nitrogen compounds in the soil in the range of 18.5-23.4 mg/kg of soil in the arable (0-20 cm) and 19.8-21.9 mg/kg of soil – in the subsoil (20-40 cm) layers, which is 1.7-2.2 mg/kg of soil higher than the control variant. The highest values of mineral nitrogen compounds were recorded in the variant where the highest dose of sewage sludge – 40 t/ha and mineral fertilisers were applied (N10P14K58). Despite a wide range of nitrogen content values for alkaline hydrolysed compounds and mineral nitrogenous compounds, their ratio remained stable and amounted to 2.3-2.6 in the upper and 1.3-1.5 in the lower (20-40 cm) soil layer, and also decreased with increasing fertiliser application dose. That is, this parameter varied insignificantly depending on the dose of fertiliser application. The content of mobile phosphorus compounds in the variants with the use of fertilisers fluctuated in the range of values (77.5-98.5 mg/kg of soil) and increased under the influence of sewage sludge and composts based on it, which exceeded the control values by 14.6-35.6 mg/kg of soil. The highest rates of mobile phosphorus compounds were recorded in the variant where sewage sludge was applied – 40 t/ha and N10P14K58.10P14K58. The introduction of sewage sludge at a dose of 20-40 t/ha contributed to an increase in the content of exchangeable potassium compounds at the level of 89.3-97.2 mg/kg of soil in the upper (0-20 cm) and 83.1-93.4 mg/kg of soil – in the lower (20-40 cm) layer, which is more than 42.1 mg/kg of soil exceeded the control variant. To a lesser extent, the content of exchangeable potassium compounds increased with the introduction of composts based on sewage sludge and straw. The correlation and regression analysis indicates that the coefficient of phosphorus concentration in the soil depends to the greatest extent on the content of its mobile compounds with the coefficient of determination R2 = 0.70. The potassium concentration coefficient closely (R2 = 0.91) correlates with the content of its metabolic compounds in the soil

Influence of Sewage Sludge on Ash Fusion during Combustion of Maize Straw

A key issue associated with the combustion of maize straw (MS) is slagging; to solve this problem, MS co-combustion with sewage sludge (SS) is a good choice. In this work, co-combustion experiments...

Kinetics of DTPA extraction of Zn, Pb, and Cd from contaminated calcareous soils amended with sewage sludge

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of sewage sludge (SLU) amendment on the desorption characteristics of zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) in contaminated calcareous soils. Three levels of SLU (0, 1, and 3% w/w) were added to the two calcareous contaminated soils. Samples were incubated for 30 days and equilibrated with 0.005 M DTPA for 0.25 to 240 h. The addition of SLU significantly increased the amount of DTPA-extractable Zn in soils. While the amounts of Cd, Pb, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and pH showed a significant increase only in 3% w/w of SLU, with the exception of Cd desorption in 1% w/w of SLU, kinetics of Zn, Pb, and Cd extraction increased together with an increase in the level of applied SLU. The best models for describing desorption data were explicitly power function and Elovich. The rate constants of Zn and Pb had significant correlations with DTPA-extractable Zn and Pb, DOC and pH, which affect Zn and Pb desorption. Also, the rate constants of Cd had significant correlations with CEC that can be deemed as equivalent to the fact that Cd desorption is controlled by surface adsorption, particularly in the lower sludge application amount. These results can be used for management of sewage sludge application in contaminated calcareous soils.

Influence of sewage sludge, as a substrate, in the plasticity of functional characteristics of plants.

This work aimed to evaluate the effect of sewage sludge application as fertilizer on the plasticity of functional characteristics of species commonly found in the Caatinga. The research was developed in the nursery of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará (IFCE), Quixadá campus, located in northeastern Brazil. Three treatments were applied: raw sludge, sanitized sludge, and no manipulation. In each treatment, five species were planted, each with five individuals, totaling 75 individuals, which were tagged, and 4months after germination, they were destroyed to obtain dry matter content (TMSF) from leaf, stem (TMSC), fine root (TMSRF), and thick root (TMSRG); leaf area; height and diameter of the seedling; and length above and below the ground. The sanitized sludge was responsible for giving higher values for leaf area, height of the seedlings, and diameter and length of stem and root. However, the dry matter content of the fine roots was higher in the treatment without manipulation. At the community level, as TMSRG increased, TMSC also increased, the same occurred between TMSRG and TMSRF, TMSC and TMSRF, and stem length and leaf area. In the treatment without manipulation, there was a positive correlation between leaf area, height and plant diameter, and negative correlation between root length and plant diameter. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of sanitized sludge is a good tool to increase the availability of soil resources, conferring to individuals' greater dry matter content, greater leaf area, and higher height and diameter above the ground.

The Influence of Sewage Sludge and a Consortium of Aerobic Microorganisms Added to the Soil under a Willow Plantation on the Biological Indicators of Transformation of Organic Nitrogen Compounds

The Influence of Sewage Sludge and a Consortium of Aerobic Microorganisms Added to the Soil under a Willow Plantation on the Biological Indicators of Transformation of Organic Nitrogen Compounds

Self-purification of agrosoddy-podzolic sandy loamy soils fertilized with sewage sludge

Sandy loamy agrosoddy-podzolic soils and plants growing on them were studied. The soils had been treated with sewage sludge from the Lyubertsy aeration station applied as organic fertilizer for 5–10 years before 1990. Initially, these soils were used for cultivating vegetables and fodder crops. The content and mobility of heavy metal compounds increased in the plow horizons of studied soils under the influence of sewage sludge. The concentrations of Cd and Zn exceeded the tentative permissible concentrations (TPC) for these elements by 8–16 and 2–4 times, respectively. The contaminated layer was found at the depths within 30–50 cm, which attests to a low migration rate of heavy metals added to the studied soils with sewage sludge (SS) 25 years ago. The concentration of Cd exceeded the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of this element in all vegetable and fodder crops cultivated on the studied soils. The content of heavy metals in plants differed by three–five times in dependence on the capacity of particular plants to accumulate them. The period of soil self-purification from heavy metals was found to depend on the soil contamination level and element mobility, as well as on the element removal with harvested crops and with soil water flows. The maximal time of achieving the normal level of Cd concentration was estimated as 288 years for maximally contaminated soils; the corresponding values for Cu and Zn were estimated as 74 and 64 years, respectively.

The effectiveness of the incineration of sewage sludge on the evolution of physicochemical and mechanical properties of Portland cement

The influence of sewage sludge, treated at temperatures between 300 and 800°C, on cement-based materials has been studied in this paper. The clinker of CPJ45 cement was partially replaced by sewage sludge ash (SSA) admixture in mortar at various percentages. The sewage sludge ashes were characterized chemically, physically and mineralogically. In addition, the influences of SSA on mortar properties, including Blaine fineness, specific gravity, water demand, time of setting, compressive strength and degree of hydration were also investigated.Results show that calcination influences the microstructure of sewage sludge and increases its pozzolanic activity that reaches its maximum at 800°C. The presence of absorbed water and organic matter in sewage sludge calcined in temperature range 300–500°C prolongs strongly the setting time and affects negatively the compressive strength and the hydration degree of mortars. While the high amounts of P2O5 and SO3 in sewage sludge calcined in temperature range 700–800°C increase also water demand and setting time compared to the control mortar, however, the compressive strengths and the degree of hydration increase with time and become superior to the control mortar at 90days, for a replacement rate of 15%. The best mechanical results are obtained for the substitution of 5% of calcined sewage sludge at 28days.

Effect of different levels of sewage sludge (citywaste) and inorganic fertilizers on the yield attribute and quality of mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

The influence of sewage-sludge and inorganic fertilizers (NPK) on growth, yield and quality of mustard was assessed from a field experiment on loamy soil in Rabi season of 2010-11. The levels of sewage sludge and inorganic fertilizers (NPK). The plant height (cm), seed yield (q ha-1) and content of oil and protein were significantly increased by the application of both sewage-sludge and inorganic fertilizer. The maximum growth and yield was obtained by the sewage-sludge application @12 t ha-1 and by the 75 per cent inorganic fertilizer. The interaction between sewage-sludge and inorganic fertilizer was found significant and the maximum increase in the growth, yield, oil (%) and protein (%) was obtained by applied sewage-sludge @ 12 t ha-1 and 75 per cent NPK. Four level of sewage-sludge (@ 0, 4, 8 and 12 t ha-1) through city waste and four level of inorganic fertilizers (@ 0, 50, 75 and 100 per cent of recommended dose were evaluated.

Influence of sewage sludge on yield and mineral contents of rice grain

Sewage sludge at the rate of 0, 40, 80, 120 and 240 t/ha showed that the number of filled grains per panicle, dry weight of grains and weight of 1000 grains of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were the significantly highest where 240 tons of sewage sludge per hectare was added. The contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb in rice grains increased significantly with increasing rate of sewage sludge application, while that of Mn decreased significantly. Chromium, cadmium and nickel contents in the rice grain were below detection limit. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsr.v26i1-2.20231 Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 26(1-2): 57-60, December-2013

The influence of phosphorus on ash fusion temperature of sludge and coal

Sewage sludge gasification can result in significant environmental benefits. However, the influence of sewage sludge on the process is not recognized in an adequate degree. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the ash fusion temperature (AFT) of coal-sewage sludge (SS) and the influence of phosphorus on it. Ash fusion characteristics of six types of coals, one type of sewage sludge, and the corresponding coal-sewage sludge blends were measured. Chemical and mineralogical compositions of blended ashes at different temperatures were determined. Ash fusion temperatures of most coals are lowered by adding sewage sludge, because Ca and Na in sewage sludge ash can react with refractory minerals from coal to form low temperature eutectic. The influence of phosphorus on mixture AFT depends greatly on the Al2O3/(CaO+Na2O+K2O) (A/CNK) molar ratio of bulk ash. Phosphorus tends to react with calcium to form refractory minerals in subaluminous systems (A/CNK<1), but mainly exists in amorphous materials and beneficial for decreasing ash fusion temperature in peraluminous systems (A/CNK>1).

Reduced bioaccumulation of PAHs by Lactuca satuva L. grown in contaminated soil amended with sewage sludge and sewage sludge derived biochar

The influence of sewage sludge (SS) and sewage sludge biochar (SSBC) upon biomass yield and the bioaccumulation of PAHs into lettuce plants grown in contaminated soil (∑16PAH 20.2 ± 0.9 mg kg−1) is presented. All SSBC amendments (2, 5 and 10%) and the 2% SS amendment significantly (P < 0.01) increased lettuce biomass. Both SS and SSBC amendments significantly reduced (P < 0.01) the bioaccumulation of PAHs at all application levels; with reduction in ∑16PAH concentration ranging between 41.8 and 60.3% in SS amended treatments and between 58.0 and 63.2% in SSBC amended treatments, with respect to the control. Benefits in terms of biomass production and PAHs bioaccumulation reduction were greatest where SSBC was used as a soil amendment. At high application rates (10%) SSBC reduced bioaccumulation of PAHs by between 56% and 67%, while SS reduced bioaccumulation of PAHs by less than 44%.

Influence of Sewage Sludge on the Slurrying Properties and Co-Gasification Kinetics of Coal-Sludge Slurries

The feature of coal-sludge slurries(CSSs) were studied by mixing Shenhua coal and sewage sludge collected from Huainan sewage treatment plant. The results showed that, the rheological properties of CSSs prepared with the adding dosage from 0 to 15% were the shearing and diluting feature. With the adding dosages of the sludge increase, the apparent viscosity values increased and the maximum solid concentrations of CSSs decreased. Also, the gasification kinetics were studied by Thermogravimetry-Fourier Transform Infrared(TG-FTIR). The gasification starting temperatures and activation energy decreased with the adding dosages of the sludge increase, it indicated that the process was accelerated by sewage sludge.

Influence of Sewage Sludge and Leachate on Biochemical Methane Potential of Waste Biomass

In this study, biochemical methane potential assays of mixed municipal solid wastes and other types of waste such as, cellulosic, vegetable and food wastes were performed over 60 days with two different volatile solid amendments, namely domestic sewage sludge and leachate. With sewage sludge, cumulative methane (CH4) production from cellulose, food and vegetable wastes and municipal solid wastes varied from 0.23-1.51, 0.25-0.92, 0.14-0.55 and 0.07-0.21 L/g volatile solids, respectively. With leachate, the corresponding cumulative CH4 generations were 0.93-3.50, 0.97-1.81, 0.24-1.05 and 0.10-0.57 L/g VS, respectively. The individual cumulative CH4 production data fitted very well with the modified Gompertz equation and maximum methane production rates, methane production potential and lag phase time were estimated using the SigmaPlot® 11 software and this was validated by the algorithms of the Grofit software. Results showed that cumulative methane production with leachate were twice as high as with sewage slsudge. The cumulative CH4 production after 60 days varied in the order cellulose wastes>food wastes>vegetable wastes> municipal solid wastes.

Influence of sewage sludge on the rheological properties of petroleum coke–water slurry

ABSTRACTEnvironmental concerns have stimulated proper treatment in utilizing sewage sludge derived from different industries. The main objective of the present study is to prepare high‐quality petroleum coke–sludge slurry (PCSS) with low viscosity and good stability by adding sewage sludge into petroleum coke–water slurry (PCWS), and a systematic investigation of the rheological properties of PCSS and PCWS, along with the sewage sludge, is conducted. The experimental results show that the PCWS is a dilatant fluid and has inferior stability; sewage sludge is a pseudoplastic fluid. As a certain amount of sewage sludge is added into PCWS to obtain PCSS, rheological properties are changed from a shear‐thickening property to a shear‐thinning property. Raw sewage sludge has higher bound water content and larger viscosity. Alkaline chemical additives are selected as sewage sludge modifiers to turn bound water into free‐flowing water and reduce the viscosity. The static stability of PCSS was analyzed by the water separation ratio. Results indicate that sewage sludge has a significant impact on the static stability of PCSS. Water separation ratio decreases and the static stability is improved after addition of the sewage sludge. The higher the sewage sludge amount, the better the static stability of the PCSS. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Influence of sewage sludge from sludge beds of Ulan-Ude on the soil properties and the yield and quality of potatoes

The influence of sewage sludge from sludge beds of the city of Ulan-Ude applied to the soil separately and in combination with fertilizers (NPK) on the soil properties and the yield and quality of potatoes was studied. It was shown that sewage sludge could be used both separately (15 t/ha) and in combination with mineral fertilizers for potato growing.

Influence of sewage sludge on the slurryability of coal–water slurry

In this study, the maximum solids loading, stability and rheological properties of coal–sludge slurries were investigated and compared with those of coal–water slurries. The maximum solids content of coal–sludge slurry was much lower than that of coal–water slurry because of the ∼82% water in sewage sludge. NaOH addition as a pre-treatment of sewage sludge improved the maximum solids content to 61% and 60% for dispersants A 1 and A 2, respectively, for a sludge–coal mass ratio of 22.1:100. Compared to coal–water slurries, the stability of coal–sludge slurries was better, with no solid deposition after 96 h. Coal particles and sewage sludge formed a stable medium and settlement of large coal particles was prevented. All the coal–sludge slurries exhibited pseudo-plastic behavior; this type of fluid is shear-thinning and is easy to transport.