Influence Of Polysaccharides Research Articles

The regulatory mechanism of mannan from millet Huangjiu on flavor release

Huangjiu, the national wine of China, has the characteristics of low grain consumption, low alcohol content and high nutrition, which aligns with the world's beverage wine consumption trend. The research on glutinous rice huangjiu from southern China is more extensive, while millet huangjiu from northern China has received less attention, hindering the diversified development of huangjiu. Polysaccharides play an important role in huangjiu's health activity and flavor characteristics. In this study, the polysaccharide components in millet huangjiu were separated and identified for the first time, and the influence of polysaccharides on the flavor release was explored through sensory evaluation, SPME-GC–MS, threshold determination and isothermal titration calorimetry. The millet huangjiu polysaccharide HJ-1 was composed of →3)-α-Manp(1→, α-Manp-(1→, →2,6)-α-Manp-(1→, →3)-α-Xylp-(1→ and →3)-β-Arap-(1→. HJ-1 (0.1–1 mg/mL) could regulate the release performance of key flavor compounds in millet huangjiu, inhibit the herbal, fruity and alcoholic aromas, and promote the sweet and rice aromas. Further studies showed that HJ-1 formed complexes with ethyl acetate, acetic acid, 2,3-butanediol and γ-butyrolactone through van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds, and the process was a spontaneous exothermic entropy reduction reaction. This study provides a new idea for optimizing the overall aroma of huangjiu and improving its sensory quality.

Effect of polysaccharide on rheology of dough, microstructure, physicochemical properties and quality of fermented hollow dried noodles

Fermented hollow dried noodles, new products emerging in China, are delicious, easy to digest and absorb. However, due to the porous structure produced by yeast, there are still some quality problems such as easy breakage during storage, splitting during cooking and poor textural and sensory quality that need to be addressed. The influence of polysaccharides (guar gum, sodium alginate, and sodium carboxymethylcellulose) on the rheological properties of dough, the microstructure and physicochemical properties, and the quality of fermented hollow dried noodles were studied. The addition of all polysaccharides with proper concentration can improve that quality of dough, dough sheets and noodles. Among which guar gum had the best effect. 0.3% guar gum significantly increased the flexibility (6.64 mm) and expansion index (196.49%) of test sample, significantly decreased the cooking loss (5.74%) and splitting rate (10.00%), and significantly increased the elasticity (0.87) and chewiness (3680.91), respectively. At the same time, the correlation between noodle quality and dough rheological properties was established. Results indicate that polysaccharides can significantly improve the quality of fermented hollow noodles by modified the rheological properties of dough, the microstructure and physicochemical properties of dried noodles.

Regulation of polysaccharide in Wu‐tou decoction on intestinal microflora and pharmacokinetics of small molecular compounds in AIA rats

Wu-tou decoction (WTD), a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It works by controlling intestinal flora and its metabolites, which in turn modulates the inflammatory response and intestinal barrier function. Small molecular compounds (SM) and polysaccharides (PS) were the primary constituents of WTD extract. In this work, a model of adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) in rats was established and treated with WTD, SM, and PS, respectively. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to examine the regulatory impact of the various groups on the disturbance of the gut flora induced by RA. Further, since PS cannot be absorbed into the blood, the influence of PS on the absorption and metabolism of SM was studied by examining their pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of 23 active components in SM by UPLC-MS/MS. WTD was found to be more effective than PS and SM in alleviating arthritis in AIA rats, which may be related to changes in gut flora. The PK properties of 13 active compounds were altered after PS intervene. Based on the findings, PS may be able to manage the disruption of intestinal microbiota, enhance the intestinal environment of model animals, and hence influence SM absorption and metabolism.

РЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА ИЗВЕСТКОВЫХ СОСТАВОВ С ДОБАВКАМИ ПОЛИСАХАРИДОВ

Lime compositions with polysaccharide additives are being studied. The results are aimed at creating a new lime plaster composition with improved performance properties. Materials and methods. Standard methods for studying rheological and technological properties were used. Results. The influence of polysaccharides on changes in the rheological properties of lime compositions has been established. It has been established that the introduction of a polysaccharide additive (hydroxyethylcellulose) helps to accelerate the development of plastic strength. The results of infrared spectroscopy indicate a higher content of calcite in the sample with the addition of polysaccharide. The absence of chemical interaction between lime and polysaccharides has been established. Conclusions. The introduction of polysaccharide additives promotes the formation of a structure that improves the performance properties of the lime composite.

Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Pullulan Composite Hydrogels as a Potential Platform for Wound Dressing Applications.

Hydrogels are 3D networks with an excellent ability to retain a high amount of water or biological fluids, representing suitable candidates for wound dressing applications. They can provide a protective barrier and a moist environment, facilitating wound treatment. The present paper focuses on physical hydrogels obtained from poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and pullulan (PULL) mixtures in different weight ratios by using the freezing/thawing method. Hybrid hydrogels of similar polymer compositions were prepared in the presence of 0.5% Laponite® RD. The influence of polysaccharide and clay addition on the properties of PVA hydrogels was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy showed evidence of the inner porous structure. The viscoelastic properties were investigated in different shear conditions and revealed the influence of the hydrogel composition on the network strength. The swelling behavior was followed in physiological saline solutions at 37 °C and pH = 7.4. For all samples, a quasi-Fickian diffusion mechanism was found. The delivery of neomycin sulfate was studied in similar conditions as for the swelling tests (0.15 M NaCl solutions; 37 °C; pH = 7.4) and different kinetic models were used to determine the release mechanism. The Peppas-Sahlin approach described very well the in vitro drug release mechanism from the polymeric hydrogels in the absence of clay. However, the hybrid polymer/clay hydrogels showed the best fit with the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. According to the present study, the porous membranes containing 40-60% PULL (in absence of clay) are suitable for the release of therapeutic agents at wound sites in physiological conditions.

Supplementation of Sulfate Polysaccharides in the Seminal Cooling Medium of Common Curimatã (Prochilodus Brevis)

Background The use of sulfated polysaccharides (PS) in seminal cooling is known to improve seminal quality. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of different concentrations of PS, extracted macroalgae Gracilaria domigensis as a supplement to the seminal cooling medium of the reophilic fish Prochilodus brevis (common curimatã). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five semen pools were diluted in ACP-104 (treatment T1), in BTS®(T2) and in BTS®with different concentrations of PS (0.5 [T3]; 1.0 [T4] and 1.5 [T5]). The samples were cooled for different times (0, 6, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h) and after each hour they were analyzed for: morphology, membrane integrity, DNA integrity and sperm kinetics. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the treatments containing different concentrations of sulfated polysaccharides. Regarding the different cooling times, it was possible to observe that after hour 96, there was a reduction in the parameters of sperm kinetics. For DNA integrity there was no significant difference in relation to the treatments nor in relation to the hours. For membrane integrity, a reduction was noted as of hour 96, but there was no influence of polysaccharides. For the sperm morphology, there was no statistical difference between the hours, however the BTS was better than the ACP-104. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the use of polysaccharides in seminal cooling has no negative effect on sperm parameters and proves that seminal cooling keeps the material viable for up to 72 hours.

Fortification of Chinese Steamed Bread with Glycyrrhizauralensis Polysaccharides and Evaluation of Its Quality and Performance Attributes.

Natural polysaccharides are new popular healthy food material, and the materials are widely used in various functional foods. The influences of polysaccharides from Glycyrrhiza uralensis on the quality and sensory properties of Chinese steamed bread (CSB), as well as the performance (starch digestion in vitro and starch staling) of CSB, were investigated in this study. The addition of Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide (GP) increased the specific volume of CSB in a dose-dependent manner, and the specific volume of CSB-2 was 2.55 mL/g. GP also contributed to the increase in hardness (from 1240.17 to 2539.34 g) and chewiness (893.85 to 1959.27 g) of fresh CSB. In addition, GP could maintain the integrity of the protein network within the CSB. The scores for sensory evaluation indicators of CSB-1 were relatively balanced. More importantly, the addition of GP altered starch digestive properties, and the content of the resistant starch (RS) was increased from 8.62 (CSB-0) to 43.46% (CSB-2). GP led to a significant reduction of the expected glycemic index (eGI) of CSB, and the eGI of CSB was decreased from 97.50 (CSB-0) to 73.8 (CSB-2), which was classified as a medium-GI (MGI) food. In addition, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) revealed the addition of GP delayed the staling of CSB during storage. In general, adding the proper amount of GP could improve the quality of CSB and show the potential as a functional component of CSB to reduce the postprandial blood glucose level resulted by the CSB.

Influence of polysaccharides with different chemical character on stability of montmorillonite suspensions in the presence of pseudoamphoteric cocamidopropyl betaine

Mixtures of the cationic starch (CS), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and guar gum (GG) with the pseudoamphoteric surfactant - cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) were used as stabilizers of aqueous suspensions of clay mineral (CM) of montmorillonite type (MMT). The spectrophotometric method (UV–VIS) was used in to estimate the mechanism of the polysaccharide/CAPB/MMT systems stabilization. Additionally, surface tension measurements were performed to investigate the interactions between the polymers and the surfactant and the complex formation. In order to obtain complete information about the studied systems: FT-IR, XRD, SEM as well as porosity measurements were also performed for polymer/clay mineral system as well as of those in the presence of surfactant. The results show that the MMT suspensions can be successfully stabilize using chosen polysaccharides (CS, CMC and GG) able to be adsorbed on the MMT surface. The best stability of the studied suspensions was obtained with a small concentration of polysaccharides (2 ppm) and a small amount of CAPB (0.04%). It seems that this surface active agent can be the ideal option for industrial applications because its small concentration ensures very large stability of the MMT/polysaccharide suspensions.

Influences of polysaccharides in wood cell walls on lignification in vitro

Influences of polysaccharides in wood cell walls on lignification in vitro

Influence of Polysaccharides' Molecular Structure on the Antibacterial Activity and Cytotoxicity of Green Synthesized Composites Based on Silver Nanoparticles and Carboxymethyl-Cellulose.

In this paper we report on the influence of polysaccharides’ molecular structure on the antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of composites based on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) immobilized into carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC). These composites were green synthesized from the reduction of silver ions into aqueous solutions of the polysaccharide, using CMC with different degree of substitution (DS) and molecular weight (Mw). The composites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as well as infrared (ATR-FTIR), ultraviolet (UV-Vis), Raman, and X-ray photo-electron (XPS) spectroscopic techniques. The antibacterial activity was evaluated with minimum inhibitory concentration against Enterococcus faecalis. The cytotoxicity of composites was assessed against human gingival fibroblast. Experimental evidence suggests that particle size distribution and morphology of AgNPs change according to the quantity of silver precursor added to the reaction, as well as the DS and Mw of CMC used for composites preparation. This is related to the dispersion of silver precursor into aqueous solutions of the polysaccharide and the formation of Ag-O coordination bonds among AgNPs and COO− moieties of CMC. Moreover, these coordination bonds modify the ability of nanoparticles to produce and release Ag+ into aqueous dispersion, adjusting their antibacterial activity and the induction of cytotoxicity into the tested biological environments.

The Influence of Polysaccharides from Sea Algae on the Pathogenetic Targets of <i>Helicobacter Pylori</i> — a New Direction in Therapy and Prevention of Infection

According to epidemiological data, 60% of the world's population suffers fromHelicobacterpyloriinfection. The multicomponent treatment used in 18–20% of cases does not allow eradication ofH.pylori. In addition, reinfection withH.pylorioccurs in the majority of treated patients in 3–5 years. An alternative to antibiotics in the treatment of this infection are seaweed products, in particular extracts and polysaccharides with anti-adhesive, anti-toxic, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, algae polysaccharides have direct bactericidal effect and can destroy biofilms formed byH.pylori. The modern materials presented in the literature review indicate the prospects of developments related to the use of extracts and polysaccharides from seaweed as the basis for drugs, dietary supplements and functional food products for the prevention and treatment ofH.pyloriinfection.

Different absorption and metabolism of ginsenosides after the administration of total ginsenosides and decoction of Panax ginseng.

Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (PG), which contains polysaccharides and ginsenosides as the major bioactive components, has been used to promote health and treat diseases for thousands of years in China. Total ginsenosides were extracted from a decoction of Panax ginseng (GD), which included both ginsenosides and polysaccharides, and dissolved in water to obtain a total ginsenosides aqueous solution (TGAS). To study their absorption and metabolism, the pharmacokinetics (PK) and metabolites of ginsenosides in vivo were investigated after the administration of GD and TGAS. Rat and mice plasma samples were collected after the administration of GD and TGAS. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used with the UNIFI platform to identify metabolites in the plasma sample. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a noncompartmental method in the Drug and Statistics software package. Thirty ginsenoside metabolites were identified in mice plasma, of which only seven were found in the rat plasma after the administration of GD. The PK of ginsenosides Rb1 , Rc, and Rd were also determined after the oral administration of GD and TGAS and showed significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters. There was no difference in the biotransformation pathways after the oral administration of GD and TGAS, indicating that there was no influence of polysaccharides on the biotransformation of ginsenosides in vivo. However, the pharmacokinetic parameters were different after the administration of GD and TGAS, possibly because of the polysaccharides in GD. This study should be of significance in exploring the basis of PG bioactivities and lays the foundation for the further development of new drugs using PG.

Influence of polysaccharides from Hericium erinaceus BP 16 on phagocytic activity of human blood neutrophils

Influence of polysaccharides from Hericium erinaceus BP 16 on phagocytic activity of human blood neutrophils

Capillary breakup and extensional rheology response of food thickener cellulose gum (NaCMC) in salt-free and excess salt solutions

Cellulose gum, also known as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC), is a polysaccharide often used as a thickener or rheology modifier in many industrial complex fluids, including foods. Shear and extensional rheology response influence production and processing of food, as well as the consumer perception and bioprocessing that begin with every bite. Stream-wise velocity gradients associated with extensional flows spontaneously arise during extrusion, calendaring, coating, dispensing, bubble growth or collapse, as well as during consumption including swallowing and suction via straws. The influence of polysaccharides on shear rheology response is fairly well characterized and utilized in food industry. In contrast, elucidating, measuring, and harnessing the extensional rheology response have remained longstanding challenges and motivate this study. The characterization challenges include the lack of robust, reliable, and affordable methods for measuring extensional rheology response. The product design challenges stem from the difficulties in assessing or predicting the influence of macromolecular properties on macroscopic rheological behavior. In this contribution, we address the characterization challenges using dripping-onto-substrate (DoS) rheometry protocols that rely on analysis of capillary-driven thinning and breakup of liquid necks created by releasing a finite volume of fluid onto a substrate. The DoS rheometry protocols emulate the heuristic tests of thickening, stickiness, or cohesiveness based on dripping a sauce from a ladle. We show that adding glycerol or changing salt concentration can be used for tuning the pinch-off dynamics, extensional rheology response, and processability of unentangled solutions of cellulose gum, whereas entangled solutions are relatively insensitive to changes in salt concentration.

Improved hydrolysis of α-tocopherol acetate emulsion and its bioaccessibility in the presence of polysaccharides and PEG2000

Dietary macromolecules are often used for food formulation. Most of the published literature usually focuses on a certain polysaccharide reducing lipid digestion, but the non-specific physical effects such as the excluded volume effect of the surrounding macromolecules, which will possibly enhance the hydrolysis of lipids, is rarely discussed. As the influence of polysaccharides on the gastrointestinal fate of α-tocopherol acetate (VE-A) encapsulated in emulsion have not been conducted so far, in this research, we study the effect of crowded medium created by polysaccharides (Ficoll400) on the hydrolysis of VE-A and its bioaccessibility. The results show that the presence of Ficoll400 increased the bioaccessibility and conversion of VE-A 1.6 times that of a dilute buffer. An enzyme-catalyzed kinetic reaction rate of VE-A hydrolysis is increased up to 3.5 times. Both the improved thermodynamic conversion yields and kinetic rates of the hydrolysis of the VE-A emulsion was further observed in a synthetic macromolecule PEG2000 medium. This research improves our understanding of the crowding effect of macromolecules on VE-A/lipid emulsion digestion.

Biodegradable plastics from linier low-density polyethylene and polysaccharide: The influence of polysaccharide and acetic acid

Global problems associated with conventional, non-biodegradable plastics have urged the society to use more eco-friendly biodegradable plastics. In this study, linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) was co-compounded with cassava-based thermoplastic starch (TPS) to prepare biodegradable plastics (i.e. plastics that can be degraded by microbes), in which three different LLDPE/TPS ratios were studied. Acetic acid was used to hydrolyze the polysaccharides by breaking the branched amylopectin that causes the TPS-containing composites brittle and stiff. The biodegradation properties of the LLDPE/TPS composites were determined by observing the level of microbial growth on the sample surface after incubation with potato dextrose agar medium that was inoculated with Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus niger . Burial test in a humid composting medium was also performed to validate the biodegradation properties. The mass change (%) was calculated in relative to the initial mass before burial test. The physical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break) of the bioplastics were determined using universal testing machine before and after burial treatment. The morphology of the sample surface was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the microbial growth increases with increasing TPS content. Negative mass changes were observed on all samples that contain TPS, with increase in the magnitude with increasing TPS content. The tensile strength tends to increase in the first 28 days of burial period in a composting medium then decreases and plateaus, while the elongation at break decreases with increasing burial period. Moreover, samples that contain acetic acid showed less microbial attachment and less biodegradation compared to samples that does not contain acetic acid.

The Use of Glucose Syrup as Product of Selulosa Hidrolyze from the Jackfruit Rags (Artocarpus heterophylus Lamk) as Sweetner on Candies Production from the Coconut Plam (Cocos Nucifera L)

Research on the influence of polysaccharides from the jackfruit rags (Artocarpus Heterophyllus Lamk) on the content of glucose syrups on hydrolyzing with HCl 30% has been done. A sample has got with simple random sampling. The cellulose was isolated from the seeds of rags. The cellulose was hydrolyzed by HCl 30% to produce glucose syrups. The content was analyzed by the Nelson-Somogyi method and calculated by regression analysis. The results of analysis show that the content of glucose syrups from the cellulose from the jackfruit rags were 2.47%.
 
 Keywords: cellulose, jackfruit rags, glucose syrups, Hydrolysis

Influence of polysaccharide as co-encapsulant on powder characteristics, survival and viability of microencapsulated Lactobacillus paracasei Lpc-37 by spray drying

In the present work, five polysaccharides were selected as co-encapsulant of skim milk based matrix and used for the microencapsulation of Lactobacillus paracasei Lpc-37 by spray drying. The morphological characterization, physical properties, encapsulation efficiency, gastrointestinal simulation, and storage stability of microencapsules were examined to evaluate the protective capacity against the adverse conditions of the different wall matrices. Addition of polysaccharides was associated with the enhancement of physical performance of microencapsulated powders, such as the flowability and water activity. Encapsulation matrices containing gum Arabic showed the greatest encapsulation efficiency of 97.1% (maximum survival 7.78 log CFU/g). L. paracasei Lpc-37 encapsulated with the matrices incorporating sodium alginate or sodium carboxymethylcellulose exhibited higher survival (>6.5 log CFU/g) after exposed to simulated gastrointestinal condition and lower viability loss (<0.3 log CFU/g) after 8 weeks of refrigerated storage. The application of polysaccharides, however, showed the tendency of higher hygroscopicity and lower stability of the powders in high temperature and humid environment.

The Influence of Polysaccharides on Film Stability and Bubble Attachment at the Talc Surface

The wetting characteristics and water film stability at the talc surface have been studied, particularly the effect of polysaccharides such as guar gum, starch, and dextrin. Talc is a gangue mineral in the flotation of base metal sulfide ores, precious metal sulfide ores, and platinum group metal (PGM) sulfide ores. Talc surfaces were investigated using surface analysis techniques including atomic force microscopy, high-speed video bubble attachment measurements, and wetting film stability measurements using a synchronized tri-wavelength reflection interferometry microscope (STRIM). In the presence of polysaccharides, there is a significant increase in bubble attachment time at the talc surface, but only a slight change in contact angle, which suggests that polysaccharide depression of talc is due primarily to the slow rate of bubble attachment and not due to a change in contact angle. The critical rupture thickness (hc) for a hydrophobic talc surface was found to be 56 nm, while the hydrophilic phlogopite surface of similar structure has an equilibrium film thickness (he) of 25 nm. At low polysaccharide concentrations, the wetting films formed on the talc surfaces were unstable, but at high concentrations the wetting films became stable with similar thickness values as the critical rupture thickness, and bubble attachment did not occur. However, it was found that the critical and equilibrium film thickness values do not change significantly with the polysaccharide type or concentration. The results from this research help us understand further details of film rupture and displacement during bubble attachment.

Influence of polysaccharides on the dynamic self-assembly of medium-chain fatty acid vesicles and hydrolysis of decanoic acid anhydrides

Hydrolysis of fatty acid anhydrides involves fatty acid vesicle formation and autocatalytic hydrolysis. Previous studies focused on the effect of biopolymers on vesicle formation or on autocatalytic reactions, however, the influence of polysaccharides on a system where the self-assembly of fatty acid vesicles and the hydrolysis of fatty acid anhydrides coexist remains unknown. In this paper, three polysaccharides, sodium chondroitin sulfate (CSA), sodium alginate (SA) and 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose (2-HEC) were selected to investigate the effect of crowded media on the decanoic acid vesicle formation and the autocatalytic hydrolysis of decanoic anhydride. The results showed that the rate of hydrolysis of decanoic anhydride increased in CSA or SA but decreased in 2-HEC. Further investigation revealed that the size of vesicles in CSA decreased in the early stage of vesicle formation but increased in 2-HEC. In the CSA-vesicle system, elastic behavior dominates, while 2-HEC- and SA-vesicles show more viscous behavior. In addition, the significantly increased membrane fluidity in CSA or in SA supports self-assembly of decanoic acid vesicles and autocatalytic hydrolysis, which is the opposite in the case of 2-HEC. This research provides new insights into the self-assembly of fatty acid vesicles and vesicle-catalyzed reactions with polysaccharides in crowded conditions.