Influence Of Polarization Mode Dispersion Research Articles

Method Analysis of Compensating Polarization Mode Dispersion in Optical Fiber Communication System

At present, optical fiber communication systems are developing in the direction of large capacity, high speed, long distance, etc., making nonlinear effects and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) and other optical fiber performance defects that were negligible for low-rate systems become the main factors limiting system upgrades and transmission distances. Polarization mode dispersion is an important factor affecting the performance of optical fiber communication systems, and it has become one of the main obstacles to the development of high-speed and long-distance optical fiber communication systems. It can cause pulse widening in the digital transmission system, thereby limiting the transmission rate of the system. Therefore, the influence of polarization mode dispersion on the transmission system and the compensation method are analyzed in this paper.

Nonlinear frequency domain PMD modeling and equalization for nonlinear frequency division multiplexing transmission.

Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) is one of the fundamental properties of a standard single-mode fiber. It affects the propagating signals and degrades the performance of high-speed optical fiber communication systems. PMD also gives an effect on the nonlinear spectra or scattering data in nonlinear frequency division multiplexing (NFDM) systems. However, PMD is usually described in the linear frequency domain, and there are few investigations about the influence of PMD in the nonlinear frequency domain (NFD). An NFD-PMD model is needed to understand the impact of PMD in the NFD. In this work, using a linear approximation method, we first propose an NFD-PMD model and verify its effectiveness. With the guide of the NFD-PMD model, a blind NFD-PMD equalization scheme is designed. The simulation results indicate that the proposed NFD-PMD equalization scheme has better performance than the training sequence method based on linear frequency domain equalization.

BER Performance of PDM 4-QAM Optical Transmission System Considering the Effects of PMD and GVD Using Exact Probability Density Function

A noble theoretical approach is presented to evaluate the bit error rate (BER) performance of an optical polarization division multiplexed (PDM) 4-multilevel quadrature amplitude modulation (4-QAM) transmission system under the combined influence of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) and group velocity dispersion (GVD) in a single mode fiber (SMF). The analysis is carried out considering a coherent homodyne receiver. The exact probability density function (pdf) fluctuation due to PMD and GVD is evaluated from its moments using a Monte-Carlo simulation technique. Average BER is evaluated by averaging the conditional BER over the pdf of the random phase fluctuation. BER performance results are evaluated for different system parameters. It is found that PDM 4-QAM coherent homodyne system doubles the data rate but suffers more power penalty than the 4-QAM system. Results show that for a BER of 10^-9 at DGD of 0.5T and GVD value of 1700 ps/nm the PDM 4-QAM system needs 2.21 dB more power than 4-QAM systems giving the leverage of doubling the data rate.

Analytical evaluation of the combined influence of polarization mode dispersion and group velocity dispersion on the bit error rate performance of optical homodyne quadrature phase-shift keying systems

A theoretical approach is presented to evaluate the bit error rate (BER) performance of an optical fiber transmission system with quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) modulation under the combined influence of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) and group velocity dispersion (GVD) in a single-mode fiber (SMF). The analysis is carried out without and with polarization division multiplexed (PDM) transmission considering a coherent homodyne receiver. The probability density function (pdf) of the random phase fluctuations due to PMD and GVD at the output of the receiver is determined analytically, considering the pdf of differential group delay (DGD) to be Maxwellian distribution and that of GVD to be Gaussian approximation. The exact pdf of the phase fluctuation due to PMD and GVD is also evaluated from its moments using a Monte Carlo simulation technique. Average BER is evaluated by averaging the conditional BER over the pdf of the random phase fluctuation. The BER performance results are evaluated for different system parameters. It is found that PDM-QPSK coherent homodyne system suffers more power penalty than the homodyne QPSK system without PDM. A PDM-QPSK system suffers a penalty of 4.3 dB whereas power penalty of QPSK system is 3.0 dB at a BER of 10−9 for DGD of 0.8 Tb and GVD of 1700 ps/nm. Analytical results are compared with the experimental results reported earlier and found to have good conformity.

Influence of Polarization Mode Dispersion on Optical Communication Network at High Bit Rate 10 Gbps

Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) plays a great role in high bit rate optical communication systems. This factor had been studied thoroughly in this article of optical layout simulation by (OptiSystem7.0). This simulation had revealed some interesting features of (PMD) relating its major parameters, i.e, (PMD coefficient(DPMD)), mean scattering section, and scattering section dispersion). An optimum values have found for the mentioned parameters were: DPMD= 2, mean scattering section=150, scattering section dispersion=110. The opportunity to study the influence of PMD on high bit rate network can be of a substantial benefits to engineer the optical communication network.

Influence of PMD on fiber nonlinearity compensation using digital back propagation

With ideal nonlinearity compensation using digital back propagation (DBP), the transmission performance of an optical fiber channel has been considered to be limited by nondeterministic nonlinear signal-ASE interaction. In this paper, we conduct theoretical and numerical study on nonlinearity compensation using DBP in the presence of polarization-mode dispersion (PMD). Analytical expressions of transmission performance with DBP are derived and substantiated by numerical simulations for polarization-division-multiplexed systems under the influence of PMD effects. We find that nondeterministic distributed PMD impairs the effectiveness of DBP-based nonlinearity compensation much more than nonlinear signal-ASE interaction, and is therefore the fundamental limitation to single-mode fiber channel capacity.

PMD impact on optical systems: Single- and multichannel effects

We discuss the influence of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) on optical communication channels by putting special emphasis on PMD-induced pulse broadening. We present the analytical theory for PMD-induced pulse broadening, first in the deterministic and then for the random case. We then apply this theory to a comparison between a few different simple PMD-compensators. We also discuss the systems implications and outage probabilities that arise for different compensating techniques, including active optical compensation, alternative modulation formats and error correcting codes. Then we consider wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems, and present the unique aspects of PMD and PMD compensation that distinguish WDM transmission from the single-channel case. Finally the temporal drift is discussed, and the associated autocorrelation function is presented.

PMD and CD characterization of chirped fiber Bragg gratings employing photonic microwave technique

AbstractWe present and demonstrate experimentally a new method for measuring the polarization mode dispersion (PMD) of chirped fiber Bragg gratings. The technique can also be used to measure chromatic dispersion (CD) more accurately by eliminating the influence of PMD. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 1–2, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20026

Polarization Mode Dispersion in Birefringent Optical Fibers

The paper discusses influence of polarization mode dispersion on performance of polarimetric systems with highly birefringent fibers. It appeared that polarization mode dispersion strongly influences a degree of polarization that depends on coherence of the light source used and simultaneously diminishes dynamics of the output signal.

Chromatic dispersion monitoring technique using sideband optical filtering and clock phase-shift detection

We propose and demonstrate a novel technique for 40- and 10-Gb/s chromatic dispersion monitoring that uses an optical filter to select the upper and lower vestigial-sideband (VSB) signals in the transmitted optical data and determine the relative clock phase shift caused by dispersion. Without modification of transmitters, this technique provides low cost chromatic dispersion monitoring for WDM systems, <3 ps/nm dispersion resolution for 40-Gb/s data, and greatly reduced sensitivity to the influence of polarization mode dispersion.

Origin and System Effects of Polarization Mode Dispersion in Chirped Bragg Gratings

Polarization mode dispersion of chirped Bragg gratings is analyzed in terms of key birefringence phenomena and impact on telecommunication systems performance. The influence on polarization mode dispersion (PMD) of fiber birefringence, grating chromatic dispersion, and ripples of the group delay curve is pointed out. Polarization mode dispersion influence on systems performance is investigated by numerical simulations and transmission experiments at 10 Gbit/s. The deterministic nature of Bragg gratings PMD determines a moderate, upper-limited system penalty for a transmission line employing a single compensating device. However, in the case of broadband components, a non-negligible PMD penalty may be observed due to the difficulty of controlling accurately the group delay linearity.

Polarization control method for suppressing polarization mode dispersion influence in optical transmission systems

Recent progress in long-span optical repeater systems indicates that the polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) influence has become one of the main degradation factors in high speed and wideband systems. This paper discusses polarization-control methods for suppressing the PMD influence for both the coherent FDM system and the IM-DD optical repeater system. A principal-state transmission method, which can avoid PMD influence in coherent FDM common polarization control, has been proposed. In this scheme, FDM light is launched at one of the principal states in the fiber using two polarization controllers, located at both ends of the fiber. The feasibility of this scheme was confirmed through 2.5-Gb/s CPFSK, three-channel FDM transmission experiments. For a 150-km long fiber, a 700-GHz optical bandwidth can be used with the principal-state transmission method. This bandwidth is about three times wider than that for conventional common polarization control in a 150-km long fiber. The principal-state transmission method has been modified to apply to a long-span optical-repeater transmission system which includes optical isolators. In this method, small frequency modulation was added to the signal light to search for the principal state for the total transmission line. The modified method can avoid inter-symbol interference (ISI) degradation due to accumulated PMD in long-span optical fibers and optical components. Power-penalty-free operations were successfully demonstrated with up to one bit time PMD value in 5-Gb/s IM-DD, 1000-km transmission experiments. This method is expected to apply to a long-span undersea optical-repeater transmission system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>