Influence Of Pain Intensity Research Articles

Neck Kinematics in Patients With Chronic Mechanical Neck Pain: An Observational Study to Explore the Integration of Multiple Influencing Factors Through a Bayesian Model-Based Approach.

The aim of this observational, cross-sectional study is to evaluate potential differences in kinematics, specifically range of motion (ROM) and velocity, during planar cervical movements between patients with non-traumatic chronic neck pain and disability and asymptomatic controls, while accounting for potential influencing variables of age, sex and fear of movement. The influence of pain intensity, neck disability, age, sex or fear of motion on kinematics was analyzed through robust multivariate Bayesian regression models fitted using the brms library in R. Forty-three patients with neck pain (aged 36.70 ± 13.75 years; 10 men and 33 women) and 42 asymptomatic participants (aged 32.74 ± 13.24 years; 25 men and 17 women) completed the study protocol. The presence of neck pain/disability was associated with lower ROM and peak velocity during all planar movements when considering the influence of age, sex or fear of motion, with standardized regression coefficients that had a small effect size (ranged from 0.11 to 0.28) and estimated differences of less than 2.21° in ROM and 25.61°/s in peak velocity. Although patients with chronic mechanical neck pain showed reduced ROM and peak velocity, the small effect sizes and the low estimated differences between groups question the relevance and clinical usefulness of kinematic analysis of planar movements in samples of patients similar to those included in our study. It is probable that there are differences between the groups, but it is insufficient to rely solely on kinematic variables for patient discrimination. This limitation likely arises from the substantial variability in patient kinematics.

PENGARUH KOMPRES DINGIN TERHADAP INTENSITAS NYERI PADA BAYI SAAT IMUNSISASI CAMPAK DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS TALAGA JAYA

This research was conducted at Telaga Jaya health centre work area of gorontalo district. The objective was to identification the influence of before and after cold compresses used quasi eksperiment design on the influence of pain intensity in infants during measles immunization. The design used quasi eksperiment one group pretest-postets. The population were the mothers who have 9 months old infants. The samples are 15 respondents. Cold compresses applied 21 times in 3 weeks, the assessment was before and after treatment which used T-test Dependent test on pressure level 95% (𝛼=0,05). The result obtained the enhancement influence before and after cold compresses on pain intensity in infants during measles immunization.

The Effect of Two Different Types of Physical Exercise Programs on Work Related Neck-Shoulder Pain Intensity, Range of Motion and Muscle Strength in Female Blue-Collar Workers

Research background. During the rapid development of science and technology in the world, number of people suffering from pain in the neck-shoulder complex is increasing. Musculoskeletal disorders are influenced by non-ergonomic adaptation of the workplace, rapid decline in physical activity and other factors. The research aim was to evaluate the effect of stretching and strengthening exercises on work related neck/shoulder pain, muscle strength, range of motion in female blue-collar workers. Methods. The study involved 16 participants with neck-shoulders complex pain. The women were aged between 35–55 years. Participants rated their worst neck-shoulder pain during the previous week on a numerical rating scale from 0 to 10. Participants’ active range of motion of neck and humerus movements were measured with a goniometer, latent trigger point pain thresholds was measured with an algometer and muscle strength of upper trapezius, scalenus and sternocleidomastoideus muscles was evaluated with a dynamometer. The frst group (stretching exercise group) consisted of 9 participants, the second group (strengthening exercise group) – of 7 participants. Results. After 5 weeks stretching and strengthening exercise programs, the changes were statistically signifcant in both groups. Comparing pain intensity and muscle strength between groups, statistically signifcant changes were found in muscle strengthening group. Statistically signifcant latent trigger point pain threshold and range of motion changes were found in both groups (p < 0.05). Before the study, differences were found between the groups that could have had an effect on the results. Conclusion. Muscle strengthening exercises are more effective for blue – collar workers reducing muscular pain, increasing muscle strength and functional ability. Muscle strengthening exercise had a greater influence of pain intensity and muscle strength then stretching exercises.Keywords: neck-shoulder pain, stretching exercise, strengthening exercise.

Influence of pain intensity and difficulty on health-related quality of life of patients with knee osteoarthritis

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common causes of pain and disability in the western world and it affects up to 80% of people over the age of 65. Aim: The objective of this study was to examine the influence of self-reported symptoms of knee OA (KOA) on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with KOA. Materials and Methods: Seventy patients diagnosed with KOA were purposively recruited for the study. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities OA Index was used to assess the pain intensity, functional difficulty and stiffness, whereas HRQoL form Short-Form 12 Health Survey was used to assess the quality of life of patients with KOA. The data collected were analysed using SPSS version 17. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to summarise the data. Results: There was a statistically significant negative relationship between age and physical difficulty (r = −0.301 P Conclusion: It was concluded from the study that in patients with KOA, the higher the pain intensity and/or physical difficulty, the lower the patient's HRQoL.

Evaluation of Sleep Quality by Actigraphy in Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Despite the small number of studies about sleep quality and its possible occurrence in SLE, it is a frequent complaint among patients. This study evaluated sleep quality using actigraphy and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) in 46 women with SLE and the relationship between disease activity, cumulative damage, quality of life, pain intensity, fatigue, and medication to treat the disease, as well as the influence of pain intensity (subgroups) on quality of life. The short-form 36 health survey (SF-36) assessed health related quality of life (HRQoL), the fatigue severity scale (FSS) assessed fatigue, and the visual analog scale (VAS) was used to evaluate pain intensity. The significance level was 5%. Objective and subjective measures were concordant in sleep latency. Univariate logistic regression analysis was performed using categorized VAS pain as a dependent variable, we found an association with sleep latency (actigraphy), PSQI global score, six components of the SF-36 (physical functioning, role physical or role limitations due to physical problems, bodily pain, vitality, social functioning, role emotional or role limitations due to emotional problems), and fatigue. In the final analyses, using multivariate logistic regression, the model showed that the predicting variables for HPG (high pain group) and LPG (low pain group) were sleep latency and fatigue. Perhaps we did not find associations between sleep and quality of life as other factors were more relevant, such as pain and fatigue.

How do people with chronically painful joint hypermobility syndrome make decisions about activity?

The model of activity avoidance prompted by fear of increased pain and/or harm dominates understanding and research into activity limitation in chronic pain. Yet, the accounts of people with chronic pain on decisions about activity limitation are rarely heard beyond the confines of fear and avoidance questionnaires. We used semi-structured interviews to explore the decisions of 11 women attending a pain management clinic with chronically painful Joint Hypermobility Syndrome (JHS). Six themes emerged from Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis: the overall aim of keeping pain to a manageable level, considering whether the planned activity was worth it and, running through all judgements, the influence of pain intensity. The decision was tipped towards avoidance by unpredictability of pain and by high emotional cost and towards going ahead with the activity by the wish to exert control and by low emotional cost. Many accounts described a specifiable cost-benefit analysis of individual decisions, weighing the importance of each activity against its potential aversive consequences, which only in a minority of cases was dominated by fear of pain or injury. Assumptions of fear as the basis of activity avoidance should not be used uncritically in clinical settings. Decisions about activity should explore beyond pain expectancy, incorporating goals, values, and decision processes. The model of fear of pain or re/injury and associated avoidance, an important insight that has generated effective therapeutic interventions, risks being over-applied and assumed rather than demonstrated. Patients' own accounts, using qualitative analysis of interview in 11 women with long term chronic pain associated with joint hypermobility, give a more nuanced description of complex decision-making around activity. While a few activities were unquestionably avoided because of such fears, others were undertaken when benefits (according to personal values, such as children's needs) outweighed costs in pain and distress. We suggest that activity needs to be discussed with patients beyond asking about avoidance and in the context of their lifestyle choices.

Influence of pain intensity on usage pattern, effectiveness and safety of aspirin under real life conditions: subgroup analysis of pharmacy-based non-interventional studies

Influence of pain intensity on usage pattern, effectiveness and safety of aspirin under real life conditions: subgroup analysis of pharmacy-based non-interventional studies

Chronic pain-related factors and the quality of life of fracture victims 27 months after the Sichuan earthquake

Objective To investigate factors related to chronic pain in those injured with fractures 27 months after the Sichuan earthquake.The correlation between intensity of pain and quality of life was also analyzed.Methods A total of 705 victims were investigated on site.Their residual pain was categorized using a visual analogue scale (VAS) score as no pain,mild pain,moderate pain or severe pain.The pain-related biological,psychological and social factors were analyzed using the Barthel Index ( BI ),Life Satisfaction Questionaire-11 ( LiSat-11 )and the SF-36 health questionnaire. Rehabilitation and surgical interventions,employment,income and emotional status were also investigated. Results The incidence of chronic pain was 88.5％ in this population,of which mild pain and moderate pain were 35.7％ and 33.3％,respectively.The percentage of the victims who had received fracture surgery was 65.8％ ; the percentage of those who had recovered was 96.9％.BI scores for the victims without pain,with mild,moderate and severe pain were 92.7 + 10.2,92.8 + 8.4,91.2 ± 9.9 and 90.4 + 14.7,respectively ; the differences between these groups were all statistically insignificant.The influence of pain intensity on life satisfaction showed a significant linear trend.The percentages of the victims with restricted occupational ability in the four groups were 38.3％,61.5％,75.7％ and 62.8％ respectively.The median of personal annual income were ￥ 3550,￥ 2500,￥ 2000 and ￥ 2500.The VAS scores were significantly related to abnormal emotions,life satisfaction,employment and annual income.The subjects with different levels of residual pain also showed significant differences in the physical functioning,role-physical,bodily pain,general health,vitality,social functioning,role-emotional and mental health sub-scales of the SF-36.The total SF-36 scores were highest among victims without pain (70.6 + 17.5) and declined significantly in those with mild (61.3 + 14.3 ),moderate (52.7 + 14.3 ) and severe pain (52.3 + 14.7 ).This negative correlation between pain intensity and SF-36 total score was statistically significant. Conclusions Chronic pain remains common among fracture victims 27 months after the earthquake.Its intensity is correlated with psychological and social factors as well as quality of life. Key words: Pain intensity ; SF-36 health questionnaire ; Psychological factors; Social factors

Eletriptan in the Early Treatment of Acute Migraine: Influence of Pain Intensity and Time of Dosing

This double-blind, placebo-controlled study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of early treatment of a single migraine attack, when headache pain was mild, with two doses (20 mg and 40 mg) of eletriptan. Patients (N = 613; female 79%; mean age 39 years) meeting International Headache Society criteria for migraine were encouraged, but not required, to utilize early treatment, thus providing an opportunity to assess the relative contribution to efficacy of pain severity and timing of dose. For the total patient sample (mild-to-severe headaches), 2-h pain-free rates were significantly higher than placebo (22%) on both eletriptan 20 mg (35%; P < 0.01) and eletriptan 40 mg (47%; P < 0.0001). For the cohort of patients who treated their headache when the pain intensity was mild, the 2-h pain-free rate on eletriptan 40 mg was 68% compared with 25% on placebo (P < 0.0001). Pain intensity at the time of taking eletriptan appeared to influence outcome more than the timing of the dose relative to headache onset. Eletriptan was well-tolerated, with adverse event rates similar to placebo when mild headaches were treated.

The influence of pain intensity on somatosensory perception in patients suffering from subacute/chronic lateral epicondylalgia

A confounding factor in the analysis of chronic pain patients is the finding of signs of somatosensory disturbances not only in neuropathic pain patients but also in a subgroup of patients with musculoskeletal pain. The purpose was to investigate if patients suffering from subacute/chronic lateral epicondylalgia demonstrated altered sensibility, and if this was affected by pain intensity. At the start of the experiment, quantitative sensory testing (QST) (thermal, pressure pain, touch) was performed in the local pain area and in the area of pain referral. QST was repeated following pain provocation (weight lifting). A local anaesthetic was then injected into the lateral epicondyle and QST was repeated in the area of pain referral. The contralateral arm was assessed, treated and injected in the same way. At the baseline assessment there was no difference in sensibility between sides, with the exception of a significantly lowered threshold to noxious heat (p< 0.04) in the area of pain referral, present during the whole experiment. In the affected arm only, weight lifting resulted in significantly increased pain intensity in the local (p< 0.01) and referred (p< 0.01) pain areas, respectively. Repeated muscle contractions resulted in altered somatosensory functions in both the affected arm and the unaffected arm, consequently not dependent on ongoing pain in the assessed area. Tactile perception thresholds increased significantly following pain provocation in the area of pain referral (p< 0.04) only and normalized following injection of local anaesthetic (p< 0.02), indicating that the sensitivity to light touch was altered by the nociceptive input from the affected arm. Copyright 2000 European Federation of Chapters of the International Association for the Study of Pain