Influence Of Metallic Elements Research Articles

Hot-Dip Galvanizing Process and the Influence of Metallic Elements on Composite Coatings

The corrosion of steel materials has become a global issue, causing significant socio-economic losses and safety concerns. Hot-dip galvanizing is currently one of the most widely used steel anti-corrosion processes. With the rapid advancement of science and technology and emerging industries, the performance of pure galvanized products struggles to meet the demands of practical applications in various environments. Consequently, researchers have begun introducing various metals into the zinc solution to form high-performance alloy coatings. This article primarily explains the process flow of hot-dip galvanizing and the impact of metal elements such as Al, Mg, Sn, and Bi on the coating, as well as outlining the major issues currently faced by the hot-dip galvanizing process. The objective is to offer a more comprehensive introduction to those new to the field of hot-dip galvanizing and to provide theoretical insights for addressing production issues.

Metal-Containing Diamond-Like Carbon Coatings with Increased Temperature Stability for Wear Protection of Nitrided Hot Forging Dies

In cold forging processes, diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings have become established as a wear protection for forging dies, featuring high hardness and advantageous friction properties. This counteracts the particular critical abrasive tool wear and increases tool life. A major disadvantage of DLC coatings is their low thermal stability. In this study, the influence of metallic elements (niobium, tungsten and chromium) in the treatment atmosphere of the coating process is investigated with the aim of increasing the temperature resistance of the DLC coating and enabling its application as a wear-protection measure for hot forging dies. Preliminary studies were carried out to investigate the influence of different treatment atmospheres on wear-reducing properties such as high hardness and coating adhesion depending on prior nitriding processes. The most promising metal-doped DLC coating, with 30 % tungsten in the treatment atmosphere, was used in serial forging tests. At a blank temperature of 1,200 °C and a moderate count of 100 forging cycles, wear was reduced by up to 60 % compared to the nitrided reference tool.

Metals Biotribology and Oral Microbiota Biocorrosion Mechanisms.

During the last decades, metal-based biomaterials have been extensively explored to be used as biocompatible metals for biomedical applications, owing to their superior mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Consequently, for long-term implanted medical devices, to assure the biomaterials' reliability, functionality, and biocompatibility, studying the various bio-tribological damage mechanisms to obtain the optimum properties is one of the most important goals. In this review, we consider the most important metal-based biomaterials such as stainless steel, alloys of titanium (Ti), cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr), and Nichel-Titatium (Ni-Ti), as well Magnesium (Mg) alloys and with Tantalum (Ta), emphasizing their characteristics, clinical applications, and deterioration over time. The influence of metal elements on biological safety, including significant effects of metal-based biomaterials in dentistry were discussed, considering the perspectives of surface, mechanical properties, corrosion behaviors, including interactions, bio-mechanisms with tissues, and oral environments. In addition, the role of the oral microbiota was explored due to its role in this erosion condition, in order to further understand the mechanism of metal-based biomaterials implanted on the microflora balance of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in an oral environment.

Microstructure and Oxidation Behavior of Metal-Modified Mo-Si-B Alloys: A Review

With the rapid development of the nuclear industry and the aerospace field, it is urgent to develop structural materials that can work in ultra-high temperature environments to replace nickel-based alloys. Mo-Si-B alloys are considered to have the most potential for new ultra-high temperature structural material and are favored by researchers. However, the medium-low temperature oxidizability of Mo-Si-B alloys limits their further application. Therefore, this study carried out extensive research and pointed out that alloying is an effective way to solve this problem. This work provided a comprehensive review for the microstructure and oxidation resistance of low silicon and high silicon Mo-Si-B alloys. Moreover, the influence of metallic elements on the microstructure, phase compositions, oxidation kinetics and behavior of Mo-Si-B alloys were also studied systematically. Finally, the modification mechanism of metallic elements was summarized in order to obtain Mo-Si-B alloys with superior oxidation performance.

Archaeometallomics as a Tool for Studying Ancient Ceramics

In this paper, the concept of archaeometallomics is put forward to study the role of metal elements in cultural relics. An example is the influence of metal elements in the identification of their origin, dating, authenticity and the technology used for the production of ancient ceramics. This analysis also provides the social and cultural connotations of the development process of that time and shows that there is a close relationship between the rich glaze varieties and the metal elements in porcelain. The application of different analytical techniques in studying metallic elements in ancient ceramics is also briefly summarized. The construction of a metal element composition database and the related questions in the glaze color-forming mechanism of ancient relics should be considered an important research direction for future works.

Unsur Logam pada Genta Kuno Koleksi Museum Blambangan dan Museum Bali: Kajian Elemental-Kuantitatif

So far, research on bells is only limited to the elements of form, function and meaning, so the author wants to do research on the bell lag based on metallurgical studies. This research took 6 samples of bell with details of 2 ancient bellies collection of Museum Blambangan, 3 ancient bell collections of Bali Museum, and 1 bell production today. The problem in this research is what are the elements of metal in each bell and how the influence of metal elements in alloy metal. The purpose of this study is to know the content of metal elements along with the percentage and the influence of metal elements in the manufacture of bells. This research uses data collection method, data analysis method and theory to answer the problem. Methods of data collection used are observation, interview, and literature study. Methods of data analysis used are elemental-quantitative analysis, qualitative analysis, comparative analysis, and ethnoarkeologi analysis. The theory used in this research is Metallurgical Theory. The study was conducted using XRF (X-Ray Flourescene) tool. The results of this test indicate that there are 7 types of metals detected: copper, lead, lead, iron, zinc, nickel, and titanium. Copper, lead, and lead metals elements are basic metals and iron, zinc, nickel and titanium elements may be accidentally or accidentally incorporated. Based on the size of the percentage there are 2 types of bronze metal binary alloy and tenoy alloy. Copper metal elements are added with a tin metal element to raise the hardness level of the alloy and lead metal to add to the liquefaction level of the alloy metal so it does not quickly harden and can produce objects with intricate ornaments.

Influence of the Chemical Elements of Welding Materials on Mechanical Properties

Based on artificial neural network (ANN), a mechanical properties prediction model for automatic welding is built. The input parameters of the model consist of the chemical elements and the diameter of the welding material and the outputs is the mechanical properties, i.e. yield strength, tensile strength and elongation. The ANNs model is established by Visual C++ based on improved back-propagation (BP) arithmetic with momentum coefficients, in which the sample data used are from automatic welding materials for X70 pipeline steel. The influence of chemical compositions, such as C, S, P, Si, Mn, Cu, Ti and Ni on the mechanical properties of welding materials are analyzed. The results show that the influence of metallic elements is significantly greater than the nonmetallic. For nonmetallic elements, not all the value of mechanical properties decreases with the increase of the content. The influence of C is critical, followed by P and S. For metallic elements, the influence of different elements on mechanical properties, such as the yield strength, the tensile strength, the elongation and the average Charpy impact toughness, is difference.

Prediction Model of the Charpy Impact Toughness of Deposited Metals of Welding Materials

Based on artificial neural network (ANN), prediction model of the Charpy impact toughness for automatic welding is built. The input parameters of the model consist of the chemical elements and the diameter of the welding material and the outputs is the average Charpy impact toughness. The ANNs model is established by Visual C++ based on improved back-propagation (BP) arithmetic with momentum coefficients, in which the sample data used are from automatic welding materials for X70 pipeline steel. Based on the prediction model, the influence of chemical compositions, such as C, S, P, Si, Mn, Cu, Ti and Ni on the Charpy impact toughness of welding materials are analyzed. The results show that the influence of metallic elements is significantly greater than the nonmetallic, and the contents of Mn in metallic and the C in nonmetallic have primary effect on the average Charpy impact toughness.

Influence of metal elements in Pd alloys on the bonding to porcelain

The influence of metal elements in three Pd alloys on the bonding to porcelain was examined. The high-temperature oxidation behavior of metal elements in alloys, structure and morphology of oxidation zones on the alloy surface and the appearance of bonding between alloy and fused porcelain at the interface were studied by ESCA and EPMA. From ESCA analysis, metal oxides such as PdO, SnO2, In2O3, CuO or Cu2O, Sb2O3 or Sb2O5 were formed on the surface of the alloy after degassing (preheating) and heating following casting. The amount of metal elements concentrated on the alloy surface was measured by their characteristic X-rays using area analysis of EPMA under the technical conditions of A) Acc. voltage 10 kV, Abs. current 40 nA, and B) Acc. voltage 20 kV, Abs. current 10 nA. Consequently, the amount of additive metal elements concentrated on the alloy surface which was detected in condition A) was larger than that detected in condition B). However, the amount of main element (Pd) concentrated on the alloy surface which was detected in condition A) was smaller than that detected in condition B). From the EPMA observation of the interface between alloy and fused porcelain, cross-section of alloys showed that the additive metal elements were oxidized in the alloy matrix, forming an internal oxide layer or particles. The structure and morphology of oxidation zones showed a significant difference between degassed and not-degassed alloys. Cross-sections inclined approximately 5 degrees 43' to the fusing boundary were also analyzed to enlarge the oxidation zones. This analytical technique effectively revealed the structure and morphology of oxidation zones. In conclusion, not only additive metal elements but also the main element at the surface of alloys play important roles on the bonding to porcelain. Degassing of the alloy was considered to an essential procedure to obtain the adequate bonding to porcelain.

Origin of Grain Boundary Recombination Activity in Silicon Wafers

AbstractIn silicon bicrystals grain boundaries (GBs) become recombining after they have been annealed in argon at temperatures higher than 800°C for tens of hours. In order to verify the eventual influence of metallic elements, interstitials gold atoms are introduced in the bicrystals by diffusion (T ≤ 8000 C) from gold dots deposited far from the GB (gold could be segregated by the GB but cannot give deep levels in the grains). It is found by DLTS, EBIC contrast and LBIC scan map that the recombination strength of GBs is not changed by gold in diffusion in as grown bicrystals, while it is reduced in annealed samples. Similar results are obtained with GBs of polycrystalline wafers.It is concluded that the activation of GBs in CZ silicon bicrystals is certainly due to the segregation of a slow diffuser like oxygen, and that fast diffusers play a secondary role only.