Influence Of Maternal Characteristics Research Articles

Breast Milk Microbiota: A Systematic Review on the Influence of Maternal Characteristics on Its Composition

Objective:The objective of this study was to identify current evidence on the impact of maternal characteristics (nutritional status, diet, geographic location/cultural influences, and stress) on breast milk microbiota (BMM) composition and diversity.Methods:A systematic review was conducted by searching articles in five different databases. Quality and risk of bias were assessed for each article using RevMan software.Results:Fifteen articles were selected. Maternal obesity had only a transient effect on microbiota diversity. Dietary fatty acids and folates were the main dietary factors influencing BMM. Maternal geographic location strongly influences BMM composition and ultimately its diversity. Available data on maternal stress were insufficient to draw conclusions regarding the impact of this factor.Conclusions:Geographic location of the mother and dietary factors are the main determinants of BMM composition. Further studies are needed to assess the impact of BMM on infant health.

Influence of maternal characteristics and reproductive history on recruitment in an iteroparous ungulate

Influence of maternal characteristics and reproductive history on recruitment in an iteroparous ungulate

Cognitive Factors of Weight Management During Pregnancy Among Chinese Women: A Study Applying Protective Motivation Theory.

This study aimed to explore the psychological cognitive factors of weight management during pregnancy based on protective motivation theory (PMT). Cross-sectional study. Participants were recruited at the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China. A sample of 533 pregnant women was enrolled in the study. Measures was a self-design questionnaire, comprising of demographics, cognition of weight management during pregnancy, and weight management behavior during pregnancy. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the weight management's cognitive factors, path relationships, and the influence of maternal characteristics. Self-efficacy cognition could promote gestational weight management behavior (b = .22, P < .001), but response cost cognition hindered gestational weight management (b = -.21, P < .001). Parity moderated pregnant women's self-efficacy cognition (diff b = .24, P < .01), where the self-efficacy of nullipara promoted weight management behaviors, but the self-efficacy of multipara had no significant effect. Also, the response cost factors stably existed in primipara and multipara groups, with multipara, being positively affected by response efficacy (b = .15, P < .05). Findings highlight the need for psychological and cognitive interventions. Intervention strategies that focus on enabling women to correctly understand response cost and make an active response, improve self-efficacy cognition especially among primipara, and strengthening multipara's response efficacy among pregnant are required.

Outcome of Pregnancy and Maternal Weight in Women Living in Coastal and Continental Croatia

Pregnancy outcomes are under the influence of maternal characteristics and environmental factors, diet being the most important. The benefits of the Mediterranean diet on all health indicators, including pregnancy, are well documented, placing at the top of the world’s healthiest diets. The aim was to investigate whether pregnant women living in the Mediterranean part of Croatia have better pregnancy outcomes in comparison to women living in the continental region. Observational longitudinal study was conducted in two Croatia’s regions: continental (city of Osijek and surrounding area) and coastal (city of Split and surrounding area). Even though women for the coastal region gained more weight during pregnancy (p=0.048) and prolonged gestation (p&amp;lt;0.001), maternal nutritional status has a higher influence on offspring’s nutritional status at delivery among women from the continental region. The incidence of pregnancy disorders (p&amp;lt;0.001) is higher among women from the continental region. Maternal weight prior to delivery was associated with caesarean section in both regions. Despite an unfavorable maternal nutritional status, both prior and during gestation and prolonged gestation, offspring’s nutritional status is better in the Mediterranean part of Croatia.

Depression and Anxiety during Pregnancy: The Influence of Maternal Characteristics

According to the HADS, the prevalence of depression in our population increased from 5.4% in early pregnancy to 10.0% in late pregnancy (p < 0.001), whereas the prevalence of anxiety decreased from 17.9% to 14.2% (p < 0.001). Several maternal characteristics, such as level of education, multiparity, a history of depression, severe nausea, extreme fatigue, lack of physical exercise, and negative life events were associated with symptoms of depression and/or anxiety throughout pregnancy. Being non-Dutch, not living with a partner, and having an unplanned pregnancy or a prolonged time to pregnancy influenced the depression and/or anxiety scores in early pregnancy only.

653: Influence of maternal characteristics on short interpregnancy interval in the US

653: Influence of maternal characteristics on short interpregnancy interval in the US

Influence of maternal characteristics and gestational age onhemodynamic indices: NICOM device-specific reference ranges.

To construct reference ranges for stroke volume, cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) in normal pregnancy for the NICOM® device, and to explore associations between maternal characteristics and these hemodynamic variables. This was a prospective cohort study of healthy singleton pregnancies between 10 and 40 weeks' gestation attending a tertiary referral hospital between September 2012 and May 2018. Measurements of stroke volume, cardiac output and SVR were obtained throughout pregnancy using NICOM, a non-invasive device based on bioreactance technology. NICOM device-specific reference ranges were created with respect to gestational age and maternal characteristics. Once the distribution of the data had been determined with respect to the gestational age, patient characteristics were added to the model to test whether they provided a significant improvement in prediction of the median value. The effect was assessed of maternal weight, height, smoking status, conception using assisted reproductive technology, nulliparity and ethnicity. We included 411 women in this study. The relationships between cardiac variables and gestational age observed in the NICOM-specific reference ranges are consistent with previous findings, with increasing cardiac output values until around 35 weeks and a decrease thereafter until term, and decreasing SVR until around 36 weeks, followed by an increase towards 40 weeks. Stroke volume showed a small linear increase across gestation with lower variability in observations close to term. Maternal weight, height and age were associated with cardiac output (all P < 0.05) and SVR (all P < 0.01), whilst maternal weight and height were associated with stroke volume (both P < 0.001). Ethnicity was significantly associated with stroke volume (P = 0.001) but not with cardiac output or SVR. This study presents device-specific reference ranges for stroke volume, cardiac output and SVR for the NICOM device in healthy pregnancy and describes the maternal characteristics that are associated with the values of these hemodynamic measurements. Studies using NICOM in pregnancy can use these ranges in order to evaluate observations relative to those expected in uncomplicated pregnancy conditional on maternal characteristics. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Influence of maternal characteristics on child blood lead levels in selected locations of Kabwe district in Zambia

Influence of maternal characteristics on child blood lead levels in selected locations of Kabwe district in Zambia

Influence of Maternal Characteristics during Pregnancy on the Infant Early Life Immune Responses in a High HIV Burdened Setting in Harare, Zimbabwe.

This study aimed at investigating the maternal characteristics that in turn influence the immunological status of infants in asymptomatic enteric pathogen carriers in mother baby pairs (MBPs) in a high HIV burdened population in Harare, Zimbabwe. BIOPLEX immunoassay was used to analyse serum samples from 39 MBPs for 27 cytokines and 6 immunoglobulins. The MBP were purposively selected based on HIV infection and Entamoeba histolytica carriage. Logistic regression was used to identify any link between maternal demographic and clinical data with infant cytokine and immunoglobulin levels. Maternal E. histolytica carriers were more likely to have infants with low levels of IL-12p70, FGF-basic, GM-CSF and TNF-α cytokines (OR: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.03-0.79) and high levels of IgA immunoglobulin (OR: 8.1; 95% CI: 1.45-45.06). HIV infected mothers were more likely to have infants with low levels of IgG2 (OR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.06-1.00) and IgA (OR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.05-0.90) immunoglobulins. Notably, it was highly likely to deliver infants with low IgG4 levels (OR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.06-1.02) for maternal mean age above 30.38 years (Standard deviation 6.09) though not significant (p=0.05). Maternal E. histolytica asymptomatic carriage, and HIV-infection status result in low levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12p70, FGF-basic, GM-CSF and TNF-α and immunoglobulins IgG2, IgG4 and IgA on their infants.

Influence of maternal characteristics and caregiving behaviours on children's caries experience: Anintergenerational approach.

This study adopted an intergenerational approach, aiming to answer the following research questions: (a) Are maternal oral health-related behaviours and oral health associated with dental caries in preschool children?; (b) Do maternal caregiving behaviours mediate the association between maternal oral health-related behaviours and dental caries in preschool children. Children aged 5years, enrolled in the 2004 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort, were investigated (n=1303). Children were dentally examined using WHO criteria to assess the number of decayed, missing and filled surfaces (dmfs), and their mothers were interviewed. Standardized direct, indirect and total effects of maternal characteristics (frequency of toothbrushing, dental anxiety, the pattern of dental attendance, self-perception about oral health and self-reported dental caries) on maternal caregiving behaviours and children's dmfs were assessed using path analysis. Mean dmfs was 4.1 (95% CI 3.6;4.5). Maternal oral health-related behaviours had no direct effect on children's dental caries: child dental attendance pattern partially mediates the effect of maternal dental attendance pattern on dental caries (87.8%; P<0.05) and partially mediates the effect of maternal dental anxiety (39.9%; P<0.001). Child frequency of toothbrushing mediates 28.0% (P<0.001) of the effect of maternal frequency of toothbrushing on dental caries. Socioeconomic factors directly influenced children's caries experience, whereas maternal oral health-related behaviours had no direct effect. It was observed an indirect effect of maternal dental anxiety and dental attendance pattern on children's dental caries mediated by caregiving behaviours, such as child dental attendance pattern and frequency of toothbrushing.

Depression and anxiety during pregnancy: The influence of maternal characteristics.

Depression and anxiety during pregnancy are associated with adverse health outcomes for both mother and child. This study aims to investigate the occurrence of symptoms of depression and anxiety in early and late pregnancy, the longitudinal changes from early to late pregnancy, and factors associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety in pregnant women in the Netherlands. We studied 2897 women participating in the PRegnancy and Infant DEvelopment (PRIDE) Study. To assess symptoms of depression and anxiety, web-based questionnaires including the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and multiple questions on maternal characteristics were completed in early and late pregnancy. Cross-sectional and longitudinal multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted. The depressive symptoms in our population increased, with a prevalence of probable depression from 5.4% in early pregnancy to 10.0% in late pregnancy (P<.001), whereas the anxiety symptoms decreased, with a prevalence of probable anxiety from 17.9% to 14.2% (P<.001). Characteristics associated with depressive or anxiety symptoms included low level of education, multiparity, a history of depression, severe nausea, extreme fatigue, lack of physical exercise, and negative life events. Being non-Dutch, not living with a partner, and having an unplanned pregnancy or a long time to pregnancy were associated with the depressive and/or anxiety symptoms in early pregnancy only. Symptoms of depression and anxiety are common in both early and late pregnancy. Screening for risk factors in early pregnancy is important, since prenatal depression and anxiety may be related to adverse maternal and child health outcomes.

Total and sn-2 fatty acid profile of breast milk from women delivering preterm infants under the influence of maternal characteristics.

Data on the total fatty acid (FA) profile and position-specific triacylglycerides (TAGs) in preterm infants' maternal milk are essential for establishing the recommended requirement of FA in preterm infants in China. We aimed to determine the composition and positional distribution of FAs in preterm infants' maternal milk in China and further investigate the effect of maternal background on the FA composition. Breast milk samples (4, 11, 30, 60, and 90 (all ±3) days post-partum) were collected from 59 healthy women delivering preterm infants. The total and sn-2 milk FA composition was determined using gas chromatography. The multivariate statistical analysis showed significant differences in the FA profiles of milk with different lactation times, gestational ages and maternal ages. In particular, the content of linoleic and linolenic acid (ALA) was much higher, whereas the content of docosahexaenoic (DHA) and arachidonic acid were lower in the preterm milk from the Wuxi district than that from America and countries in Europe. The content of sn-2 polyunsaturated FAs (ALA: p = 0.013 and DHA: p = 0.003) were lower in the preterm colostrum from women aged over 30 years. Overall, these results suggest that the European and American standards of preterm formula may not be suitable for Chinese preterm infants, and polyunsaturated FA fortification in the maternal diet or preterm formula is needed for women with advanced age.

Costs and benefits of post-weaning associations in mountain goats

AbstractTo better understand the potential costs and benefits of prolonged parental care in gregarious species, we studied post-weaning associations in a marked population of mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) monitored for 22 years. We calculated the occurrence and frequency of associations involving 1- and 2-year-old juveniles. We investigated (1) the influence of maternal characteristics and population size on the formation of post-weaning associations, (2) the short-term costs of associations on maternal reproductive success, and (3) the short-term benefits of associations on life-history traits of juveniles. We found that barren mothers associated more frequently with 1-year-olds than summer yeld and lactating mothers. Associations with 2-year-olds tended to increase the probability that a mother would be barren the following year. Post-weaning associations did not influence the body mass of newborn kids nor the body mass and survival of juveniles. We discuss how benefits for associated juveniles may appear later in life.

Evaluation of a bespoke training to increase uptake by midwifery teams of NICE Guidance for membrane sweeping to reduce induction of labour: a stepped wedge cluster randomised design

BackgroundNational guidance recommends pregnant women are offered membrane sweeping at term to reduce induction of labour. Local audit suggested this was not being undertaken routinely across two maternity units in the West Midlands, UK between March and November 2012.MethodsBespoke training session for midwifery teams (nine community and one antenatal clinic) was developed to address identified barriers to encourage offer of membrane sweeping, together with an information leaflet for women and appointment of a champion within each team.The timing of training session on membrane sweeping to ten midwifery teams was randomly allocated using a stepped wedge cluster randomised design. All women who gave birth in the Trusts after 39 + 3/40 weeks gestation within the study time period were eligible. Relevant anonymised data were extracted from maternity notes for three months before and after training. Data were analysed using a generalised linear mixed model, allowing for clustering and adjusting for temporal effects.Primary outcomes were number of women offered and accepting membrane sweeping and average number of sweeps per woman. Sub-group comparisons were undertaken for adherence to Trust guidance and potential influence of pre-specified maternal characteristics. Data included whether sweeping was offered but declined and no record of membrane sweeping.ResultsTraining was given to all teams as planned. Analyses included data from 2787 of the 2864 (97%) eligible low-risk women over 39 + 4 weeks pregnant. Characteristics of the women were similar before and after training. No evidence of difference in proportion of women being offered and accepting membrane sweeping (44.4% before training versus 46.8% after training (adjusted relative risk [aRR] = 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.71–1.13), nor in average number of sweeps per woman (0.603 versus 0.627, aRR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.67–1.01). No differences in any secondary outcomes nor influence of maternal characteristics were demonstrated. The midwives evaluated training positively.ConclusionsThis stepped wedge cluster trial enabled randomised evaluation within a natural roll-out and demonstrates the importance of robust evaluation in circumstances in which it is rarely undertaken. While the midwives evaluated the training positively, it did not appear to change practice.Trials registrationISRCTN14300475. Registered on 23 August 2016.

Perinatal Outcomes and the Influence of Maternal Characteristics After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery.

Assess the perinatal outcomes and identify what maternal characteristics can influence them in women who had undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Analytical, prospective, and longitudinal study with pregnant adult women. chronological age >20 years; singleton pregnancy; RYGB surgery before pregnancy. prior malabsorptive or restrictive surgeries; malabsorption syndrome. Data analysis was performed using SPSS statistics software, version 17. Thirty pregnant women with 30.22 ± 4.38 years, the interval between surgery and the date of last menstrual period was 17.7 ± 9.07 months. The average prepregnancy body mass index was characterized as overweight (27.36 ± 3.26 kg/m2), total gestational weight gain was 7.68 ± 3.73 kg. The most common pregnancy complications were anemia (73.3%), urinary tract infection (33.4%), and dumping syndrome (33.4%). As for newborns, 58% were male, with a mean of 39.28 ± 0.84 weeks, 90% were classified as appropriate for gestational age, and 93.4% were born at term with adequate weight (39.28 ± 0.84 weeks and 3128.79 ± 271.49 g). Positive and significant correlation was observed between gestational weekly gain in the first trimester and birth weight (r = 0.42, p = 0.024) and between gestational weekly gain in the second trimester and birth weight (r = 0.48, p = 0.008). Despite the completion of RYGB, in general, there was no apparent fetal compromise when considering the analysis of the variables proposed by this study.

49 Maternal haemodynamics in normal pregnancies: New insight on the influence of maternal characteristics

Background There is growing interest in non-invasive haemodynamic assessment for both clinical and research purposes. In order to allow for application, comparison and interpretation of haemodynamic parameters, there is a need to construct device-specific reference ranges. Furthermore, there is a paucity of data demonstrating the influence of maternal characteristics on central haemodynamic parameters. The purpose of this study was to assess stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) in a low-risk obstetric population, construct gestational-age (GA) specific reference ranges and delineate the effect of maternal characteristics. Methods This was a prospective cohort study of 824 patients with a GA ranging from 5 to 42 weeks. The inclusion criteria were women with a viable, singleton pregnancy, aged 16 and above with an uncomplicated pregnancy. Exclusion criteria included any medical disorder or pregnancy complication. The non-invasive device employed in this study was USCOM-1A®. All measurements were performed under standardised conditions. USCOM-1A® employs continuous wave Doppler, with a non-imaging probe in the suprasternal notch to obtain velocity time integrals of transaortic blood flow at the left ventricular outflow tract. For each haemodynamic variable, a normal distribution with mean conditional on GA was considered first. Once the distribution of the data had been determined with respect to GA, maternal characteristics were added to the model to test whether they provided a significant improvement in prediction of the mean/median value. Improvements in model fit were evaluated using the generalised likelihood ratio test, with statistical significance at p Results Maternal age had an effect on CO (p Conclusion We provide USCOM-1A® specific reference ranges for SV, CO and SVR in uncomplicated pregnancies. This will enable clinical application and comparison in pathological conditions. Maternal haemodynamics are significantly influenced by maternal age, height, weight and smoking status.

Association between Maternal Characteristics and Neonatal Birth Weight in a Korean Population Living in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, Korea: A Birth Cohort Study (COCOA)

Previous studies suggest that maternal characteristics may be associated with neonatal outcomes. However, the influence of maternal characteristics on birth weight (BW) has not been adequately determined in Korean populations. We investigated associations between maternal characteristics and BW in a sample of 813 Korean women living in the Seoul metropolitan area, Korea recruited using data from the prospective hospital-based COhort for Childhood Origin of Asthma and allergic diseases (COCOA) between 2007 and 2011. The mean maternal age at delivery was 32.3 ± 3.5 yr and prepregnancy maternal body mass index (BMI) was 20.7 ± 2.5 kg/m2. The mean BW of infant was 3,196 ± 406 g. The overall prevalence of a maternal history of allergic disease was 32.9% and the overall prevalence of allergic symptoms was 65.1%. In multivariate regression models, prepregnancy maternal BMI and gestational age at delivery were positively and a maternal history of allergic disease and nulliparity were negatively associated with BW (all P < 0.05). Presence of allergic symptoms in the mother was not associated with BW. In conclusion, prepregnancy maternal BMI, gestational age at delivery, a maternal history of allergic disease, and nulliparity may be associated with BW, respectively.

Quality of prenatal care as it relates to the source of prenatal care

Context: Prenatal care is commonly understood to have a beneficial impact on pregnancy outcome. Child survival is directly dependent on good maternal health and nutrition. Aim: To study the variation in counseling of prenatal care measures at different sources of care. Materials and Methods: A cohort of 5,380 observations from the New York State Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System were analyzed to study the relationship between site/source of prenatal care and quality/content of prenatal care, and the influence of maternal characteristics therewith. Statistical Analysis Software, version 8 (SAS-V8) was used for analysis. Results: The most common source of care was doctor of medicine/health managed care organization (75.89%) followed by hospital clinic (11.22%), community health center (6.5%), health department clinic (4.05%), and others (2.3%). Health department clinic showed a greater prevalence proportion for counseling in all of the five prenatal care measures (talked about breastfeeding, illegal drugs, nutrition, baby's growth, and smoking) when compared with the remaining four sources of care. Majority of private clinic attendees were whites (87.8%), older mothers (20.7%), and/or high income groups (67.8%). Young mothers preferred visiting health department clinic (22.5%). Average income mothers preferred accessing healthcare from the community health center (26.9%). Conclusion: Variation in quality of care among various sources of care is likely to occur. Maternal characteristics could also influence the selection of source of care.

Examining the influence of maternal characteristics on the use of contraception after abortion in the United States using the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth

Examining the influence of maternal characteristics on the use of contraception after abortion in the United States using the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth

Symptoms of Psychological Distress Among Mothers and their Adult Offspring: A Longitudinal Examination

We examined the association between maternal psychological distress during offspring’s early development and offspring’s later distress in adulthood, as well as the influence of maternal characteristics at offspring’s birth and offspring’s characteristics in adulthood on distress. Data were obtained from the British Cohort Study, a longitudinal study of children born in a one-week period in 1970. Children were followed up multiple times from birth through to age 30. Results indicate that greater symptoms of maternal psychological distress during offspring’s early childhood are associated with greater symptoms of distress in adult offspring. A large component of this association is indirect, occurring through mother’s distress in later childhood and offspring’s problem behavior during adolescence. Findings that the association between maternal and offspring’s distress is more indirect than direct support arguments that early maternal distress has long-term consequences for offspring.