Influence Of Long-term Fertilization Research Articles

Importance of biodiversity in rhizosphere microbes for crop response and methodsto assess the biodiversity

Microbes play a vital role in influencing the quality and health of soil and plants. Several studies had led to understanding of diversity and structure in the plant rhizosphere: linking with Soil Microbial diversity to Modern Agriculture, amrita gupta et.al (2022); Influence of long-term fertilization on soil microbial biomass, dehydrogenase activity, and bacterial and fungal community structure in a brown soil of northeast, China Peiyu Luo et.al (2013). The microbial population has many applications and advantages which are determined only through Long term fertilizer studies. Some of the methods used for assessing the biodiversity of these rhizosphere microbes are: 16s rRNA sequencing, DDGE, TDGE, SEM, etc. Some advantages of rhizosphere microbes are improved crop yield, fighting climate change with minimal soil and environmental degradation, the protection of human health for current and future generations, macro and micro-nutrient cycling for optimum agricultural growth, higher crop yield, and also prevents land degradation. In this article we will study about importance of biodiversity of rhizosphere microbes and various methods to identify the microbial population.

Influence of long-term fertilization on soil aggregates stability and organic carbon occurrence characteristics in karst yellow soil of Southwest China.

Current research has long focused on soil organic carbon and soil aggregates stability. However, the effects of different long-term fertilization on the composition of yellow soil aggregates and the characteristics of the occurrence of organic carbon in the karst region of Southwest China are still unclear. Based on a 25-year long-term located experiment on yellow soil, soil samples from the 0-20 cm soil layer were collected and treated with different fertilizers (CK: unfertilized control; NPK: chemical fertilizer; 1/4 M + 3/4 NP: 25% chemical fertilizer replaced by 25% organic fertilizer; 1/2 M + 1/2 NP: 50% chemical fertilizer replaced by organic fertilizer; and M: organic fertilizer). In water-stable aggregates, soil aggregates stability, total organic carbon (TOC), easily oxidized organic carbon (EOC), carbon preservation capacity (CPC), and carbon pool management index (CPMI) were analyzed. The findings demonstrated that the order of the average weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GWD), and macro-aggregate content (R0.25) of stable water aggregates was M > CK > 1/2M +1/2NP > 1/4M +3/4NP> NPK. The MWD, GWD, and R0.25 of NPK treatment significantly decreased by 32.6%, 43.2%, and 7.0 percentage points, respectively, compared to CK treatment. The order of TOC and EOC content in aggregates of different particle sizes was M > 1/2M +1/2NP > 1/4M +3/4NP> CK > NPK, and it increased as the rate of organic fertilizer increased. In macro-aggregates and bulk soil, the CPC of TOC (TOPC) and EOC (EOPC), as well as CPMI, were arranged as M > 1/2M +1/2NP > 1/4M +3/4NP> CK > NPK, but the opposite was true for micro-aggregates. In bulk soil treated with organic fertilizer, the TOPC, EOPC, and CPMI significantly increased by 27.4%-53.8%, 29.7%-78.1%, 29.7-82.2 percentage points, respectively, compared to NPK treatment. Redundancy analysis and stepwise regression analysis show that TOC was the main physical and chemical factor affecting the aggregates stability, and the TOPC in micro-aggregates has the most direct impact. In conclusion, the primary cause of the decrease in SOC caused by the long-term application of chemical fertilizer was the loss of organic carbon in macro-aggregates. An essential method to increase soil nutrient supply and improve yellow soil productivity was to apply an organic fertilizer to increase aggregates stability, storage and activity of SOC in macro-aggregates.

Insights into the driving factors of vertical distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in long-term fertilized soils

The prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in soils has aroused wide attention. However, the influence of long-term fertilization on the distribution of ARGs in different soil layers and its dominant drivers remain largely unknown. In this study, a total of 203 ARGs were analyzed in greenhouse vegetable soils (0–100 cm from a 13-year field experiment applied with different fertilizers (control, chemical fertilizer, organic manure, and mixed fertilizer). Compared with unfertilized and chemically fertilized soils, manure application significantly increased the abundance and alpha diversity of soil ARGs, where the assembly of ARG communities was strongly driven by stochastic processes. The distribution of ARGs was significantly driven by manure application within 60 cm, while it was insignificantly changed in soil below 60 cm under different fertilization regimes. The inter-correlations of ARGs with mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and microbiota were strengthened in manured soil, indicating manure application posed a higher risk for ARGs diffusion in subsurface soil. Bacteria abundance and MGEs directly influenced ARG abundance and composition, whereas soil depth and manure application indirectly influenced ARG abundance and composition by affecting antibiotics. These results strengthen our understanding of the long-term anthropogenic influence on the vertical distribution of soil ARGs and highlight the ecological risk of ARGs in subsurface soil induced by long-term manure application.

Influence of Long Term Fertilization and Manures on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties of Udorthentic Chromusterts

To study the effect of different nutrient management practices on different soil physical and chemical properties in the permanent manurial experiment field of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, which was established during 1982 at Agriculture Research Station, Kovilpatti. Soil physical and chemical properties are mainly affected by the continuous application of fertilizers or manures from years together. To study the above mentioned properties of soil the soil samples were collected from the permanent manurial experiment of kovilpatti where the Randomized Block Design (RBD) was followed with nine different treatments viz., T1- Control; T2- 100 % RDF (40:20:40 NPK kg ha-1); T3- 50% RDF (20:10:20 NPK kg ha-1); T4- 50% N (Crop residues); T5- 50 % N (FYM); T6- 50 % Inorganic N+ 50% organic N (crop residues) + P (50%) + K (50%) ; T7- 50 % Inorganic N+ 50% organic N (FYM) + P (50%) + K (50%); T8- 100 % RDF + 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1; T9- FYM - 12.5 t ha-1. The effect of these treatments along with the depth (0-15 cm; 15-30 cm and 30-45 cm) was compared. The treatment receiving organics viz., T9- FYM - 12.5 t ha-1 was observed to be the best in all the physical and chemical properties which was then followed by INM viz., T7- 50 % Inorganic N+ 50% organic N (FYM) + P (50%) + K (50%) and T6- 50 % Inorganic N+ 50% organic N (crop residues) + P (50%) + K (50%).

Balanced fertilization over four decades has sustained soil microbial communities and improved soil fertility and rice productivity in red paddy soil

The influence of long-term fertilization on soil microbial communities is critical for revealing the association between belowground microbial flora and aboveground crop productivity—a relationship of great importance to food security, environmental protection, and ecosystem functions. Here, we examined shifts in soil chemical properties, microbial communities, and the nutrient uptake and yield of rice subjected to different chemical and organic fertilization treatments over a 40-year period in red paddy soil. Ten different treatments were used: a control without fertilizer, and applications of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), NP, NK, PK, NPK, double NPK, or NPK plus manure. Compared with the effects of withholding one or two nutrients (N, P, or K), the balanced application of chemical NPK and organic fertilizers markedly improved soil nutrient status and rice yield. This improvement of soil fertility and rice yield was not associated with bacterial, archaeal, or fungal alpha diversities. The bacterial abundance and community structure and archaeal abundance effectively explained the variation in rice yield, whereas those of fungi did not. The community structure of bacteria and archaea, but not that of fungi, was correlated with soil properties. Among various soil properties, P was the key factor influencing rice yield and soil microbial communities because of the extremely low content of soil available P. Seven keystones at the operational taxonomic unit level were identified: four archaea (belonging to Thermoplasmata, Methanosaeta, Bathyarchaeia, and Nitrososphaeraceae) and three bacteria (in Desulfobacteraceae and Acidobacteriales). These keystones, which were mainly related to soil C and N transformation and pH, may work cooperatively to influence rice yield by regulating soil fertility. Our results collectively suggest that four decades of balanced fertilization has sustained the bacterial and archaeal abundances, bacterial community structure, and keystones, which potentially contribute to soil fertility and rice yield in red paddy soil.

Long-term manure application enhances the stability of aggregates and aggregate-associated carbon by regulating soil physicochemical characteristics

The response to climate change through soil organic carbon sequestration has received increased interest. While soil organic carbon sequestration is related to the stability of aggregates and aggregate-associated carbon and varies among fertilization practices, little information is available on how fertilization practices impact the stability of aggregates and aggregate-associated carbon in alkaline soil. Using a 13-year field experiment with three replicate plots of four fertilization practices (only chemical fertilizer application, only manure application, 50% chemical fertilizer and 50% manure application, and 100% chemical fertilizer and 100% manure application) and one control treatment (nonfertilization), we investigated the correlations between 20 soil physicochemical factors and stability indices of aggregates and aggregate-associated carbon under the influence of long-term fertilization. Fertilization with manure not only significantly improved soil physicochemical characteristics, such as increasing conductivity, the cation exchange capacity, organic carbon, and the availability of nutrients and calcium/magnesium, but also enhanced mean weight diameter, geometric mean diameter and large aggregate- and microaggregate-associated carbon. Soil organic carbon was more abundant in large aggregates and microaggregates than in other fractions, and the carbonyl group bands in large aggregates were wider than those in other fractions. Mean weight diameter, geometric mean diameter and large aggregate- and microaggregate-associated carbon were positively correlated with the total amounts and availabilities of soil nutrients and free and exchangeable calcium/magnesium and were negatively correlated with soil pH, likely because fertilization with manure enhanced the stability of aggregates and aggregate-associated carbon by increasing the availability of soil nutrients and calcium/magnesium ions, while high pH limited the stability of aggregates and aggregate-associated carbon. Strategies aiming to improve alkaline soil and increase soil C stocks may thus focus on manure or fertilizer application with the ability to reduce soil acidity.

Influence of long-term fertilization and environments on test weight of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) grain

Abstract. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of long-term nitrogen-phosphorus fertilization and meteorological conditions during the period 1990-2019 on test weight of durum wheat grain in Central South Bulgaria. The influence of nitrogen and phosphorus rates – 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg.ha-1, as well as combined NP fertilization in the same rates on durum wheat grain under conditions of stationary long-term fertilizing experiment in cotton-durum wheat crop rotation was studied. The analysis of the results showed that the test weight was below the standard requirements in eight of the studied years, and in 22 years the average test weight exceeded the requirements. The values in 17 years were over 80.0 kg. The test weight decreased by increasing the N rates above 80 kg and the lowest average value was seen at N160 – 79.4 kg. The Р application in rates from 40 tо 160 kg.ha-1 indicated a tendency to increase the test weight. Good values were realized by combining a moderate to high phosphorus rates Р80-160 with low N levels N40-80. Weather conditions during the 30-year period have a strong significant impact on the test weight of the grain.

Influence of long-term fertilization on soil microbial biomass and dehydrogenase activity in relation to crop productivity in an acid Inceptisols

An effective approach for improving nutrient use efficiency and crop productivity simultaneously through exploitation of biological potential for efficient acquisition and utilization of nutrients by crops is very much needed in this current era. Thus, an attempt is made here to investigate the impact of long term fertilization in the soil ecology in rice-rice cropping system in post kharif - 2015 in flooded tropical rice (Oryza sativa L.) in an acidic sandy soil. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with quadruplicated treatments. Soil samples at different growth stages of rice were collected from long term fertilizer experiment.The studied long-term manured treatments included 100 % N, 100% NP, 100 % NPK, 150 % NPK and 100 % NPK+FYM (5 t ha-1) and an unmanured control. Soil fertility status like SOC content and other available nutrient content has decreased continuously towards the crop growth period. Comparing the results of different treatments, it was found that the application of 100% NPK + FYM exhibited highest nutrient content in soils. With regards to microbial properties it was also observed that the amount of microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen ( MBN) showed highest accumulation in 100 % NPK + FYM at maximum tillering stage of the rice. The results further reveal that dehydrogenase activity was maximum at panicle initiation stage and thereafter it decreases. Soil organic carbon content, MBC, MBN and dehydrogenase activity were significantly correlated with each other. Significant correlations were observed between rice yield and MBC at maturity stage( R2 = 0.94**) and panicle initiation stage( R2 = 0.92**) and available nitrogen content at maturity stage( R2 = 0.91**).

Influence of Long Term Fertilization With NPK on Wheat Production and Chemical Characteristics of Typical Chernozem From Valu Lui Traian

To determine the evolution soil fertility as a result of NPK fertilization, are presented experimental results from a long-term experience after 44 years of fertilization. The experimental field is located on the chernozem - soil type, the plant of culture was wheat. Nitrogen and phosphorus doses that were applied had 2 graduations. We tracked the influence of fertilizers on the production and content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, humus, pH and heavy metals: Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn from the soil after harvesting. The highest yield (4288 kg / ha) was obtained in fertilized variants with N100K150, variants where the production level increased by 216% compared to the unfertilized soil (1987 kg / ha); Fertilization with 100 kg / ha of phosphorus alone or with 50-150 kg / ha of potassium and fertilization with N100P100 along with doses of 50-150 kg / ha of potassium have led to very significant increases in the level of the mobile phosphorus in soil (from 34 mg / kg in unfertilized soil to 178 mg / kg in variant fertilized with N100P100 kg / ha), the potassium content of the soil increased very significantly with the increase of the applied potassium dose.

Influence of Long-term Fertilization on AM Fungi Community Structures in a Brown Soil

This study aims to explore changes of community structures of AM (Arbuscular mycorrhizal) fungi after a long-term fertilization for 38 years in a brown soil. Soil samples (0-20 cm) were taken from six treatments in May 2016: (1) no fertilization (CK); (2) chemical N input (N); (3) chemical N and P input (NP); (4) chemical N, P and K input (NPK); (5) pig manure input (M); (6)pig manure, chemical N and P input (MNP). Community structures of AM (Arbuscular mycorrhizal) fungi were analyzed using PCR-DGGE, cloning and sequencing techniques. In seedling stage, the diversity of AM Fungi was the highest in non-fertilization treatment and the community structures of AM fungi was mainly divided into two groups.

Influence of long-term fertilization on soil physicochemical properties in a brown soil

This study aims to explore the influence on soil physicochemical properties under a 38-y long-term fertilization in a brown soil. Soil samples (0-20 cm)were taken from the six treatments of the long-term fertilization trial in October 2016:no fertilizer (CK), N1(mineral nitrogen fertilizer), N1P (mineral nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer), N1PK (mineral nitrogen, phosphate and potassic fertilizer), pig manure (M2), M2N1P (pig manure, mineral nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer).The results showed thatthe long-term application of chemical fertilizers reduced soil pH value, while the application of organic fertilizers increased pH value. Fertilization significantly increased the content of AHN, TN and SOM. Compared with the CK treatment and chemical fertilizer treatments, organic fertilizer treatments significantly increased the content of AP and TP. The content of AK and TK were no significant difference in different treatment.

Influence of Long-Term Fertilization on Spore Density and Colonization of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in a Brown Soil

This study aims to explore changes of long-term fertilization on spore density and colonization of AMF (Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) under a 38-y long-term fertilization in a brown soil. Soil samples (0-20 cm,20-40cm,40-60cm)were taken from the six treatments of the long-term fertilization trial in October 2016:no fertilizer (CK), N1(mineral nitrogen fertilizer), N1P (mineral nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer), N1PK (mineral nitrogen, phosphate and potassic fertilizer), pig manure (M2), M2N1P (pig manure, mineral nitrogen andphosphate fertilizer).Spores were isolated from soils by wet sieving and sucrose density gradient centrifugation; mycorrhizal colonization levels were determined by the gridline intersect. The spore density was highest in the topsoils (0-20 cm), and was decreased with increasing of soil depth in each treatment. The spores density of M2N1P treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments in each soil layer. Application of inorganic fertilizer (especially inorganic with organic fertilizer) can greatly improve the level of colonization. Our results suggested that long-term fertilization significantly affects spore density and colonization of AMF, however, spore density is not related to colonization rate.

Response of soil multifractal characteristics and erodibility to 15-year fertilization on cropland in the Loess Plateau, China

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the influence of long-term fertilization on the multifractal characteristics and erodibility of soil of cultivated land on the Loess Plateau of China could help prevent soil erosion and promote the sustainable development of agriculture. We collected 27 soil samples from 0 to20 cm layers of nine fertilizer treatments. Rényi spectrum (Dq) and singularity spectrum (ƒ(α)) were applied to characterize soil particle-size distribution (PSD). The multifractal parameters of capacity dimension (D0), entropy dimension (D1), Hölder exponent of order zero (α0), and erodibility K and anti-erodibility indices (aggregate state and degree) were used to determine the effect of fertilization on soil properties and erodibility. The multifractal models could characterize the PSDs in the various fertilizer treatments well. Treatments receiving manure had higher D0, D1, α0, soil organic carbon (SOC) content, aggregate state and degree and lower erodibility. It was concluded that D0, D1, and α0 could clearly discriminate among the various treatments, and the combined application of mineral fertilizers and organic manure greatly improved soil quality and structure of the cultivated land in the Loess Plateau. Furthermore, changes of multifractal parameters D0, D1, and α0, especially D1, was mainly due to the reduced soil erosion and the increase of SOC.

Long-term fertilization alters chemically-separated soil organic carbon pools: Based on stable C isotope analyses.

Quantification of dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) pools under the influence of long-term fertilization is essential for predicting carbon (C) sequestration. We combined soil chemical fractionation with stable C isotope analyses to investigate the C dynamics of the various SOC pools after 25 years of fertilization. Five types of soil samples (0–20, 20–40 cm) including the initial level (CK) and four fertilization treatments (inorganic nitrogen fertilizer, IN; balanced inorganic fertilizer, NPK; inorganic fertilizer plus farmyard manure, MNPK; inorganic fertilizer plus corn straw residue, SNPK) were separated into recalcitrant and labile fractions, and the fractions were analysed for C content, C:N ratios, δ13C values, soil C and N recalcitrance indexes (RIC and RIN). Chemical fractionation showed long-term MNPK fertilization strongly increased the SOC storage in both soil layers (0–20 cm = 1492.4 gC m2 and 20–40 cm = 1770.6 gC m2) because of enhanced recalcitrant C (RC) and labile C (LC). The 25 years of inorganic fertilizer treatment did not increase the SOC storage mainly because of the offsetting effects of enhanced RC and decreased LC, whereas no clear SOC increases under the SNPK fertilization resulted from the fast decay rates of soil C.

Long-term effects of alternative and conventional fertilization II: Effects on Triticum aestivum L. development and soil properties from a Brazilian ferralsols

The influence of long-term fertilization on plant development and soil properties was investigated. Soil samples were taken from a long-term field experiment which was conducted for 5 years to explore the effect of three treatments: control (non-fertilization), conventional (mineral fertilizers—NPK), and alternative (organic fertilizers—farmyard manure). The highest values of plant yield and soil properties were found in the alternative fertilization system after the thirty year of its utilization. Conventional fertilization showed positive effects until the second year of its utilization where enhanced soil fertility (total nitrogen and available phosphorous content) and plant development (plant yield, plant dry biomass, plant phosphorous concentration, and plant nitrogen concentration). After the thirty year the conventional fertilization system showed lower values for these studied variables compared to alternative fertilization system. Our findings suggest that inputs of organic matter source can change positively the wheat growth and soil fertility, and these results highlight the importance of considering the long-term effect of mineral and organic fertilizers on these variables.

Influence of Long-Term Fertilization on Selenium Accumulation in Soil and Uptake by Crops

Continuous applications of organic and inorganic fertilizers can affect soil and food quality with respect to selenium (Se) concentrations. A long-term (over 20 years) experimental field study, started in 1989, was conducted to investigate the changes in soil Se fractions and its uptake by crops, as affected by different fertilizer practices, in the North China Plain with an annual crop rotation of winter wheat and summer maize. The long-term experiment was arranged in a complete randomized block design consisting of 4 replications with 7 fertilizer treatments: 1) organic compost (OC), 2) half organic compost plus half N-P-K chemical fertilizers (OC + NPK), 3) N-P-K fertilizers (NPK), 4) N-P fertilizers (NP), 5) P-K fertilizers (PK), 6) N-K fertilizers (NK), and 7) an un-amended control. Soil samples from the surface (20 cm) were collected in 1989, 1994, 1999, 2004 and 2009 to characterize Se and other soil properties. In 2009, the average soil Se concentrations in the treatments (149 ± 8 pg kg−1) were higher than those in the soil samples collected in 1989 at the beginning of the experiment (112 ± 4 pg kg−1), and decreased in the order of OC > OC + NPK > NPK ≈ NP > PK ≈ NK > control. Sequential extraction showed the oxidizable fraction (50.06% ± 3.94%) was the dominant form of Se in the soil, followed by the residual fraction (24.12% ± 2.89%), exchangeable fraction (15.09% ± 4.34%) and Fe-Mn oxides fraction (10.73% ± 4.04%). With an increase of soil K, the exchangeable Se concentrations in the soil increased. The Se concentrations in the soil tillage layer (0–20 cm) were mainly related to soil organic carbon (SOC), although different contributions came from atmospheric deposition, irrigation and fertilizers. With the accumulation of SOC, the uptakes of soil Se by two crops were inhibited. For the OC and OC + NPK treatments, Se concentrations in wheat grains were lower than the critical standard of Se in stable food (100 µg kg−1). Additionally, Se concentrations in grains were also decreased by the deficiencies of major soil nutrients, especially P.

The influence of long-term fertilization with slurry, manure and NPK on the soil content of trace elements

The influence of long-term fertilization with slurry, manure and NPK on the soil content of trace elements

Long-term effects of alternative and conventional fertilization I: Effects on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community composition

The influence of long-term fertilization on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community composition was investigated. Soil samples were taken from a long-term field experiment which was conducted for 5 years to explore the effect of three treatments: control (non-fertilization), conventional (mineral fertilizers—NPK), and alternative (organic fertilizers—farmyard manure). The highest values of AMF community composition were found in the alternative fertilization system after the thirty year of its utilization. After the thirty year the conventional fertilization system showed lower AMF diversity compared to alternative fertilization system. In conclusion the alternative fertilization system enhanced mycorrhizal effectiveness that contributes to increase wheat growth after a long-term experiment. Our findings also suggest that inputs of organic matter source can change positively the AMF community composition, and these results highlight the importance of considering the long-term effect of mineral and organic fertilizers on the AMF community diversity. Thus, the long-term utilization of an alternative fertilization system with continuous input of organic matter may exploit positive situations of jointly beneficial biotic and abiotic conditions.

Long-term effects of alternative and conventional fertilization on macroarthropod community composition: a field study with wheat (Triticum aestivum L) cultivated on a ferralsol

The influence of long-term fertilization on macroarthropod community composition from a field study with wheat (Triticum aestivum) was investigated. Soil samples were taken from a long-term field experiment which was conducted for 5 years to explore the effect of three treatments: control (non-fertilization), conventional (mineral fertilizers—NPK), and alternative (organic fertilizers—farmyard manure). The highest values of macroarthropod community composition were found in the alternative fertilization system after the 30 years of its utilization. After 30 years, the conventional fertilization system showed lower values for these studied variables compared to alternative fertilization system. Our findings suggest that inputs of organic matter source can change positively the macroarthropod community composition, and these results highlight the importance of considering the long-term effect of mineral and organic fertilizers on the diversity of this biological component and their effect on wheat growth and soil fertility. Thus, the long-term utilization of an alternative fertilization system with continuous input of organic matter may exploit positive situations of jointly beneficial biotic and abiotic conditions.

Influence of Long-Term Fertilization on Phosphorus, Potassium, Magnesium, and Sulfur Content in Soil

The present work discusses the influence of long-term, annually applied fertilization with manure, slurry, and NPK on the accumulation of total and available forms of phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium in soils, as well as total sulfur content. The increase in total phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium content under the influence of fertilization was significant when compared to the control group, and determined as : P-21.8%, K-36.2%, Mg-57.4%, S-28.5% in lessive soil, and P-24.7%, K-26.9%, Mg-54.2%, and S-34.7% in brown soil. An increase of available forms in the total content of macronutrients was noted. The percentage increase in relation to the control group, respectively for lessive and brown soils, was as follows: P-2.6% and 2.4%, K-1.2% and 0.6%, and Mg-0.8% (only in brown soil). A significant positive correlation between the analyzed macronutrients was confirmed in the soils, with the exception of sulfur and the available forms of phosphorus and potassium in brown soil.