Influence Of Irrigation Regimes Research Articles

Influence of irrigation regimes, variety and cow dung rates on selected chemical properties of a sandy clay loam soil in Sokoto, Nigeria

Influence of irrigation regimes, variety and cow dung rates on selected chemical properties of a sandy clay loam soil in Sokoto, Nigeria

Influence of Irrigation Regime on Total Yield of Tomato Crop and Water Productivity under Drip Irrigation System

Influence of Irrigation Regime on Total Yield of Tomato Crop and Water Productivity under Drip Irrigation System

Influence of irrigation regime and seasonal temperatures on nut quality and the oil fatty acid profile of walnuts (Juglans regia L.)

Walnut production is expanding worldwide due to the high demand for natural products with proven nutraceutical properties. This expansion includes new growing areas, such as central–western Argentina, where crop water requirements have yet to be determined and little is known about the response in terms of production quality to the water regime. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of four irrigation regimes (at 50, 75, 100, and 125 % of crop evapotranspiration) and the weather conditions over two consecutive seasons in a young Chandler walnut orchard in terms of in–shell and kernel caliber, kernel color, oil concentration, and fatty acid profile. Quality production characteristics were not significantly affected by irrigation regimes within each season. In contrast, the quality parameters achieved were significantly different between seasons. The first season (S1) was wetter (462 mm) and cooler (17.05 °C mean air temperature in the oil accumulation period) and produced more extra–light kernels (92%). The second season (S2) was drier (326 mm) and warmer (19.02 °C) and produced a lower proportion of extra–light kernels (82.2%). In addition, during the second season, walnuts produced larger kernels with a higher oil concentration (62.7%; +3.5% of S1) and a better omega–6/omega–3 ratio (3.25 in S2 vs. 3.70 in S1). These results suggest that kernel quality was more sensitive to the seasonal temperature than the irrigation studied regimes. The nutritional quality of walnuts may increase significantly in warmer seasons/environments despite the deterioration of kernel color.

The influence of irrigation regimes on cotton productivity

In the article, the authors found that improving soil moisture with irrigation has a positive effect on the growth of cotton, but does not always have a positive impact on the number of bolls. According to the results of the research, it was found that the flowing waters of the Karshi steppe are located at a depth of 1.5-2.0 m and 3-4 m. It has been determined experimentally that the irrigated moisture content of cotton soil under light gray soil conditions is 70-75-65% relative to incomplete field moisture content. According to the research carried out in the first experimental area, the presence of seepage water on its surface, and the salinity of the soil showed the optimality of a particular regime.

Irrigation Management in the Paricá Seedlings Development in Amazon Region

Paricá is a native tree to the Amazon region recognized for several socioeconomic applications. However, there are few studies on the influence of irrigation regime in the seedling stage. Thus, the objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of water depths and irrigation frequency on the development of Paricá seedlings in the edaphoclimatic conditions of the Amazon region. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Capitão Poço Campus, located in Capitão Poço, Pará, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in 5x2 factorial arrangements, consisting of five irrigation depths and two irrigation frequencies, with four replications. The highest irrigation depth (725 mL) at daily frequency resulted in lowest biomass production maybe due to hypoxia in the root zone. In contrast the every three day irrigation promoted high biomass production with the highest irrigation depth (725 mL). Contrarily, 435 mL depth produces high quality seedlings at daily irrigation frequency. Regarding the rational use of water, producers may use 725 mL at 3-day frequency, given that it has promoted high seedling quality and provides savings of 580 mL compared to the best water depth on the daily irrigation (435 mL).

ВЫНОС ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ ПИТАНИЯ ОВОЩНЫМИ КУЛЬТУРАМИ ПРИ КАПЕЛЬНОМ ОРОШЕНИИ В САРАТОВСКОМ ПРАВОБЕРЕЖЬЕ

To successfully solve the problem of import substitution of vegetable products, it is necessary to significantly increase the yield of vegetable crops in Russia. A large role in increasing yields belongs to the correct fertilizer system, the development of which requires knowledge of the removal of nutrients and the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on it. Taking into account that for vegetable crops grown in the steppe zone of the Saratov Right Bank, data on the removal of nutrients were not determined, the purpose of the research was to experimentally determine the removal of the main vegetable crops – tomatoes, late cabbage and eggplant, and to study the effect on this indicator and yield of drip irrigation regimes and norms of mineral fertilizers on the chernozems of the southern region. Experimental methods were used in the work – field and laboratory experiments to study the yield and removal of nutrients by the studied vegetable crops under different modes of water and mineral nutrition with drip irrigation, and statistical methods – dispersion and correlation analysis. The article presents the results of research on the influence of irrigation regimes and fertilizer rates on the removal of nutrients and the productivity of varieties of valuable vegetable crops during drip irrigation on the chernozem of the southern Saratov Right Bank; The coefficients of the removal of batteries per 1 ton of the main and by-products of tomatoes, late white cabbage and eggplant at different agrophones were determined. The dependences of the removal of nutrition elements of tomato varieties on the irrigation norm and the total dose of fertilizers, the removal of NPK eggplant from the doses of mineral fertilizers are established. It is proved that all the studied crops formed the highest yield at the calculated dose for an increased yield level, while their reaction to the improvement of the water regime was different. The highest yield of late white cabbage of the Amager variety 611 85.59 t /ha of commercial heads and eggplant fruits of the Black Handsome variety 88.69 t / ha was obtained under irrigation regime of 90% NV, and tomatoes – at 80% NV

Influence of irrigation regime on gas exchange, growth, and oil quality of field grown, Texas (USA) olive trees

Abstract Olive (Olea europaea L.) oil production is an emerging industry in Texas (USA). However, limited research has been conducted to determine best irrigation practices for Texas growers. In this study, established “Arbequina” olive trees from three south Texas orchard locations were used to investigate effects of irrigation volume on olive tree gas exchange, growth, and oil quality. Twelve-year-old trees were exposed to three irrigation regimes. Over the course of two growing seasons, leaf gas exchange, shoot growth, and oil quality were measured. Data from a single orchard and growing season are presented. Differences in monthly and overall leaf gas exchange data were not found. Based on soil surface area under each tree’s dripline, depth of total water applied to each tree (irrigation plus precipitation) ranged from 1,451 (three-emitter irrigation treatment) to 759 mm (one-emitter irrigation treatment). Trees exposed to the three-emitter irrigation treatment produced the greatest shoot growth. Fruit mass and fruit volume were greatest for trees which had the fewest emitters (lowest irrigation volumes). Oil pressed from each experimental tree rendered extra virgin olive oil. Oil chemical analysis indicates total phenols tended to be greatest from trees receiving the least volume of irrigation. For Texas olive growers, research suggests there are opportunities to reduce irrigation, yet maintain olive oil quality.

ВЛИЯНИЕ РЕЖИМОВ ОРОШЕНИЯ НА ВОДОПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ, РАЗВИТИЕ И УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ СОИ

Purpose: to study the impact of irrigation regimes on soybean water consumption, development and yield. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out on meadow-chernozem soils of Oktyabrsky district Rostov region in 2021–2022. Experience consists of five options: 1) control 1 m; 2) 1.2 m; 3) 0.8 m; 4) 0.6 m; 5) without irrigation. Field experiments and statistical processing of data were carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods, taking into account zonal features. Results. The influence of irrigation regimes on soybean plants height, the yields formation and the structure of net consumptive water use was determined. It has been determined that in the slightly dry year 2021, the irrigation regime consisted of four irrigations, and in the very dry year 2022 there were six irrigations. Watering rate on the control was 450 cubic meters per hectare. Irrigation rate in 2021 changed from 1080 to 2160 cubic meters per hectare, and in 2022 – from 1620 to 3240 cubic meters per hectare, depending on the irrigation regime and the moisture supply of the growing season. The most intensive growth of soybean plants was observed after the flowering phase, and the height reached its maximum values in the bean filling phase. Irrigation regimes with increased and reduced irrigation rates led to a decrease in soybean yield by 7–40 %. On average, the maximum yield was obtained in the control variant (1 m) – 4.18 t/ha. In the non-irrigated variant, the yield was 1.97 t/ha, which is 53 % lower than the control one. The net consumptive water use during the growing season varied from 3132 to 5472 cubic meters per hectare, depending on the conditions of moisture supply. In the structure of net consumptive water use irrigation water accounted for 31 to 49 %, and precipitation – from 48 to 84 %. Conclusions. On average for 2 years, the highest soybean yield was obtained in the control variant (1 m) – 4.18 t/ha. A 20 % reduction in irrigation rate resulted in a 7 % yield reduction and irrigation water savings of 450 cubic meters per hectare. The net consumptive water use of crops was from 3132 to 5472 cubic meters per hectare, depending on the options.

Influence of irrigation regimes and mycorrhizal inoculation on the performance of wheat in pot culture

In order to find out the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and level of irrigation on wheat, an experiment was conducted in the net house of Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University during November 2018 to April 2019. The study included two levels of AMF inoculation (inoculated and non-inoculated) and three levels of irrigation (viz., no irrigation, one irrigation during CRI stage, and two irrigations at tillering and flowering stages respectively). The treatment combinations were applied to two wheat varieties, viz., BARI Gom-25 and BARI Gom-30. The pot experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Commercially available mycorrhizal inoculum (Gigaspora margarita) was used to inoculate the plants of respective treatment pots. The performances of these wheat varieties under two AMF inoculation levels (inoculated and non-inoculated) showed that both varieties were significantly affected by AMF inoculation. Though all growth and yield contributing parameters were not significantly affected by AMF application, it was evident that AMF inoculation helped the wheat plants to grow vigorously and produce higher yield. Both wheat varieties showed their best performance under two irrigation treatment but when inoculation was imposed, it gave better performance than non-inoculated pot. The highest yield was recorded with pots which were inoculated with AMF in both wheat varieties. It was observed that in both varieties, irrigation helps wheat to perform better in terms of all parameters in comparison to no irrigation condition, and two irrigations gave better results than that of one irrigation. AMF inoculation gave higher yield in non-irrigated pots in comparison to non-inoculated non-irrigated pots. Inoculation with AMF increased 25\\% grain yield plant-1 compared to the non-inoculated pots. The results suggest that farmers could be advised to grow wheat in drought prone areas using AMF.

Influence of Irrigation Regimes on the Performance of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) under Intercropping Situation

Background: The system output of groundnut based intercropping system depends on the selected companion crop as well as the frequency with which irrigation is supplied. This initiates a requisite to evaluate the performance of present traditional intercropping systems and thereby optimize the level of irrigation for both the crops under the system.Methods: A two-year field experiment was conducted during the rabi season 2017-2019 at Oilseeds Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Tindivanam, Tamil Nadu, India The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. Main plot comprised of five treatments with four intercrops viz., castor (TMV 5), blackgram (VBN 8), sesame (TMV 7), pearl millet (CO 10) and sole groundnut (TMV 13). The sub plot was assigned with three irrigation regimes based on IW/CPE ratio of 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0. Result: Groundnut + blackgram combination recorded higher pod yield (6.31 g plant-1), equivalent pod yield (1986 kg ha-1) with increased water use efficiency (5.49 kg ha-1 mm-1) and economic water productivity (` 309 ha-1 mm-1) over sole groundnut while other intercropping combinations failed to express. Soil moisture extraction pattern was higher at top layers and decreased with soil depth. More frequent irrigations (IW/CPE 1.0) mismatched with the crop water requirement and resulted in higher consumptive water use (500.8 mm) with moisture extraction pattern from initial layers favouring evaporation losses. At peak growth stage (60 days after sowing) higher light interception was observed in groundnut + pearl millet (41.4%) followed by castor (38.2%) combinations which was the prime reason for decreased yields as groundnut is susceptible to shading. Therefore, groundnut + blackgram combination under rabi season when supplied with six irrigations at twenty days interval (based on IW/CPE 0.50) could significantly increase the productivity and monetary returns from the system.

PHYTO-CLIMATIC OBSERVATIONS ENSURING THE INCREASE OF THE COTTON YIELD

The factors affecting on the decrease of cotton productivity are discussed in the article. With this purpose, the foundation for the research work on the study “Influence of external factors and components of agro-technical cultivation on the degree of falling fruit organs of cotton” was laid in 2011. The research work had been carried out in four-rowed plots with 100 m of length, 12 variants with four-fold repetition. The total area of experimental plot formed 11520 m2. The results of observations and calculations based on studies conducted under three sharply differing irrigation regimes, two plant densities and the use of micro-elements in two periods are analyzed. There are a lot of difficulties in growing a systematically stable crop from cotton fields. One of them is falling of fruit organs. Falling of fruit organs of cotton plant (bud, flower, ovary) due to physiological decline and violation of agro-technical measures forms 50-60% and sometimes more. Falling of fruit organs also depends on hereditary factors. Lack or abundance of moisture content of the soil, unbalanced fertilizers, strong winds, excessive heat, damage by diseases and pests, etc. Reinforce the falling process, which leads to lower yields. An urgent task is to study ways for regulating the global problem - to reduce the fall of the fruit organs in order to increase productivity. The influence of phytoclimate, plant density and microclimate was studied under three different irrigation regimes. Systematic observations over the soil temperature had been conducted from the beginning to the end of the vegetation period. As a result of the study, it was found that the soil under the vegetative layer warms up later. There is a continuous heat exchange between the soil surface and the lower layers. The study of the relationship between the temperature conditions and the growth and development of plants is of great significance in the practice of agricultural crops. For this purpose, the effect of changes in soil temperature on cotton field under the influence of irrigation regimes on productivity, growth and development of plants is determined. The influence of irrigation - the most important element of the complex of agro-technical methods - on change of soil temperature, duration of the each irrigation, soil cooling depth, productiveness, growth and development of plants is studied in the article. Key words: fruit organs, fall, irrigation regime, hard, optimal, high, soil temperature, maximum and minimum temperatures

Influence of irrigation regimes and date of transplanting on yield and economics of summer rice (Oryza sativa)

Rice is the staple food of one-third of world population and the productivity needs to increase to feed the growing population with efficient water management practices and water saving technologies. In this regard, a field experiment was conducted in South Odisha during summer of 2018–19 which was laid out in split-plot design with three replications. The treatments were comprised of three water regimes in main plot viz., continuous ponding, continuous soil saturation and saturation after hair crack and four transplanting dates in sub plots, namely, transplanting on January 23 and 31, February 6 and 13. The continuous ponding recorded the maximum yield attributes like panicle length (20.04 cm), 1000 grain weight (23.46g), filled grains/panicle (73.90) along with grain yield (4.57 t/ha), net return (Rs. 50228/ha) and B:C ratio (1.07). Transplanting of rice on 23rd January resulted in increase in number of effective tillers (8.29), 1000 grain weight (23.46 g), filled grains/panicle (72.54), grain yield (4.72 t/ha), net return (Rs. 54385/ha) and B:C ratio (1.19) over other dates of transplanting. The study clearly revealed that continuous ponding and saturation exerted higher productivity when transplanted on January 23 under South Odisha conditions.

Influence of irrigation regimes on alfalfa dry matter yield and water productivity in a semiarid subtropical environment*

AbstractManaging water in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) production is crucial for sustaining the limited surface and groundwater resources. A 3‐year study in eastern New Mexico, USA, compared nine irrigation strategies that included various combinations of in‐season irrigations for six harvests (1–2–3–4–5–6, 1–2–3–4–5, 1–2–3–5, 1–2–3, 2–3–5, 1–2–5, 1–5, and 2–3) plus unirrigated control (none) to evaluate the dry matter (DM) yield production capability and irrigation efficiency. The number in each treatment structure represents irrigation provided for each cutting. For example, number ‘1’ represents irrigation provided for the first cutting; number ‘2’ represents irrigation provided for the second cutting, and so on. The results suggested that terminating irrigation for the last harvest (1–2–3–4–5), equivalent to 96 mm water saving, had no significant negative impact on annual DM yield of established alfalfa compared to season‐long full irrigation (1–2–3–4–5–6) (14.4 vs 13.3 t ha−1; P > 0.05) during the 3‐year study period. Irrigation water productivity was doubled when alfalfa was irrigated during the first three harvests (1–2–3), compared to 1–2–3–4–5–6 (0.050 vs 0.027 t ha−1 mm−1). The second and third harvests provided the greatest DM yields in alfalfa. The DM yields declined drastically after the third harvest, with the exception of the third year. Therefore, irrigating alfalfa early in the season during the initial three harvests is an important strategy when water is limited.

Influence of irrigation regimes on competition indexes of winter and summer intercropping system under semi-arid regions of Pakistan

An assessment of the competitive indexes in intercropping of different winter and summer based intercropping systems were studied, with the aim of increasing the productivity of these crops. Four winter crops, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), fababean (Vicia faba) and rapeseed (Brassica napus) and four summer crops, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoidum L.), pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) and mungbean (Vigna radiate L.) were grown under two irrigation regimes with the pattern of two crops in each intercropping system, at Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan in both winter and summer season during 2015–16 to 2016–17. The results showed that higher grain yield (kg ha−1) were recorded under sole cropping than intercropping. Higher grain yield was recorded in sole cropping, for all four crops. All crops grown in intercropping produced comparatively higher grains head−1 and seeds pod−1 than sole crop except pigeonpea. Intercropping systems were performed different in term of competition indexes which determined land utilization efficiency. Competition indexes revealed that in winter season wheat intercropped with fababean showed highest advantages of intercropping in term of land equivalent ratio (30%), relative crowding co-efficient (60%), actual yield loss (60%), area time equivalent ratio (27%), land utilization efficiency (83%), intercropping advantages (1060), monetary advantage index (Pakistani rupees (PKR) 46456) and system productivity index (3684) while in summer sorghum/pearl millet intercropped with pigeonpea was the most dominant intercropping systems in term of relative crowding co-Efficient (40%), actual yield loss (50%), land utilization efficiency (60%) intercropping advantages (1150) and system productivity index (1914). Aggressivity and competition ratio showed that cereals especially barley in winter and sorghum in summer season was highly competitive crops in the intercropping system. Most of the competition indexes values were higher for winter crops under limited irrigated condition while in case of summer crops intercropping indexes were higher under full irrigated condition. It was concluded that wheat intercropped with fababean, and sorghum/millet intercropped with mung bean was the most successful intercropping systems in winter and summer seasons, respectively under both irrigation regimes, for the semiarid region of Pakistan.

Influence of irrigation regimes and nitrogen fertilizer management on the performance of spring wheat in Bangladesh

A field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University from November 2016 to March 2017 to find out the effect of irrigation regimes and nitrogen (N) fertilization on the yield performance of spring wheat. The experiment was comprised five levels of irrigation viz., no irrigation (I0); CRI (crown root initiation stage) (I1); CRI + maximum tillering stage (I2); CRI + maximum tillering stage + flowering Stage (I3); CRI + maximum tillering stage + flowering stage + grain formation stage (I4); and six levels of nitrogen viz., 0, 60, 80, 100, 120 and 140 kg ha-1 under Split Plot design with three replicates. Except few all the yield contributing characters and yield of wheat were significantly influence by the application of irrigation and nitrogen. The highest number of total tillers hill-1 (4.15), effective tillers hill-1 (3.63), number of spikelets spike-1 (14.67), grain yield (2.862 t ha-1), straw yield (3.45 t ha-1), biological yield (6.312 t ha-1) and harvest index (45.34%) were obtained from two irrigation at CRI+ Maximum tillering stage. In nitrogen management, the highest plant height (91.17 cm), number of spikelets spike-1 (15.24), number of grains spike-1 (44.46), spike length (10.89 cm), grain yield (2.93 t ha-1), straw yield (3.478 t ha-1) and biological yield (6.408) and harvest index (45.72%) were obtained from application of 120 kg N ha-1. In interaction, the highest grain (3.897 t ha-1), straw (4.76 t ha-1) and biological yield (8.661 t ha-1) and harvest index (45.02%) were achieved from two irrigation at CRI + maximum tillering stage with application of 120 kg N ha-1. The lowest grain yield (1.22 t ha-1) was achieved from one irrigation at CRI with no nitrogen application. Whereas, the lowest straw (2.13 t ha-1) and biological yield (3.78 t ha-1) were achieved from no irrigation with 60 kg N ha-1. Based on these results it may conclude here that farmers may apply two irrigations (one at CRI and another at maximum tillering stage) with 120 kg N ha-1 to obtain the higher yield of wheat under Bangladesh context.

Influence of Irrigation Regimes, Crop Spacing and Fertilization Methods on Growth and Yield of Okra in Coastal Region of Maharashtra

Water and nutrients are two important inputs for growing crops. High cost and increasing scarcity call for judicious use of these inputs to reduce losses. In this context, a field experiment was conducted during summer seasons of 2014-15 to 2016-17 in tropical semi-humid climate of coastal region of Maharashtra to evaluate the response of okra (Abemoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) to three irrigation regimes (100 % ETcrop, 80 % ETcrop, and 60% ETcrop) with drip irrigation in conjunction with three crop spacing (1200- 450x 450 mm, 1200-450x 300 mm, 1200-450x 150 mm) to suit the lateral spacing of 1.2m, and three fertilization methods (ring method, briquette application and fertigation). Results were compared with the conventional method of irrigation and fertilizer application (control). Total water demand of okra was 326.7mm, with maximum one-day crop evapotranspiration of 4.0 mm.day-1. Treatment combination with 80 % ETcrop drip irrigation, 1200-450x150 mm crop spacing, and drip fertigation increased the pod yield by 102.6 % with water saving of 60.9 % over control. Water application of 280.3 mm was optimum to achieve maximum crop yield (16.97 t.ha-1) in Konkan region. Water use-efficiency increased from 11.24 kg.ha-1.mm-1 to 60.32 kg.ha-1.mm-1 with this water application. The treatment resulted in economic water productivity of 242 `.m-3, which was about five times higher over the control treatment.

Influence of Irrigation Regimes, Crop Spacing and Fertilization Methods on Growth and Yield of Okra in Coastal Region of Maharashtra

Water and nutrients are two important inputs for growing crops. High cost and increasing scarcity call for judicious use of these inputs to reduce losses. In this context, a field experiment was conducted during summer seasons of 2014-15 to 2016-17 in tropical semi-humid climate of coastal region of Maharashtra to evaluate the response of okra (Abemoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) to three irrigation regimes (100 % ETcrop, 80 % ETcrop, and 60% ETcrop) with drip irrigation in conjunction with three crop spacing (1200- 450x 450 mm, 1200-450x 300 mm, 1200-450x 150 mm) to suit the lateral spacing of 1.2m, and three fertilization methods (ring method, briquette application and fertigation). Results were compared with the conventional method of irrigation and fertilizer application (control). Total water demand of okra was 326.7mm, with maximum one-day crop evapotranspiration of 4.0 mm.day-1. Treatment combination with 80 % ETcrop drip irrigation, 1200-450x150 mm crop spacing, and drip fertigation increased the pod yield by 102.6 % with water saving of 60.9 % over control. Water application of 280.3 mm was optimum to achieve maximum crop yield (16.97 t.ha-1) in Konkan region. Water use-efficiency increased from 11.24 kg.ha-1.mm-1 to 60.32 kg.ha-1.mm-1 with this water application. The treatment resulted in economic water productivity of 242 `.m-3, which was about five times higher over the control treatment.

Influence of irrigation regimes and fertigation levels on fruit yield and quality of polyhouse-grown bell pepper

An experiment was carried out during 2014-15 to study the fruit yield and quality of bell pepper grown under a naturally ventilated polyhouse with three irrigation regimes [I(1): 40, I(2): 60 and I3: 80% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc)] and three fertigation levels (F(1): 50, F(2): 75 and F(3): 100% of recommended dose of fertilizers) along with a control (drip irrigation at 100% ETc + soil application of fertilizers). Daily measured outside evaporation ranged from 1.9 to 14.4 mm day-1 during cropping season. Cumulative water requirements under the different irrigation regimes were 793, 635, 476 and 317 mm for 100, 80, 60 and 40% of ETc, respectively. Irrigation replenishment at 60 and 80% of ETc were at par with significantly higher fruit yield (8.10 and 8.16 kg m(-2), respectively), moisture content (92.84 and 93.05%) and crude fibre (2.33 and 2.28%). The maximum total dietary fibre content (2.50%) occurred under 60% of ETc. Ascorbic acid (171.46 mg 100 g(-1)) and total soluble solids (5.38 °Brix) contents were significantly highest at 40% of ETc irrigation regime. Among the fertigation levels, F(2) (75%) and F3 (100%) were at par with regard to fruit yield and most of the quality parameters. All the interactions of I×F outperformed the control with respect to fruit yield and the majority of the fruit quality parameters. From this study, it is concluded that the combination of irrigation replenishment at 60% of ETc and fertigation with 75% recommended fertilizer dose (I(1)×F(2) was optimal for obtaining a higher yield in bell pepper with better qual)ity fruits, along with savings of 40% of irrigation water and 25% of fertilizers.

Influence of irrigation regimes and weed management practices on water use and nutrient uptake in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori and Paol.)

A field experiment was conducted in sandy clay loam soil during winter season of 2012-13. The lowest weed dry weight and the highest nutrient content were recorded under 80 mm CPE. Significantly the highest grain and straw yield, total nutrients uptake, and the highest consumptive use of water (57.8 cm), rate of water use (4.52 mm/day), water use efficiency (87.3 kg/ha-cm) and soil profile moisture was extracted with irrigation at 40 mm CPE. Application of sulfosulfuron recorded significantly lowest weed biomass and the highest nutrient content and their uptake, grain and straw yield, and maximum consumptive use of water (51.5 cm), rate of water use (4.02 mm/day), water use efficiency (91.3 kg/ha-cm) and soil profile moisture extraction over metribuzin and it was at par with metsulfuron-methyl. Grain (6.57 kg/ha) and straw yield (12.3 kg/ha) will be reduced by an increased in unit dry matter production in weeds.

Influence of Irrigation Regimes, Frequency and Mulching on Productivity of Bt. Cotton

Influence of Irrigation Regimes, Frequency and Mulching on Productivity of Bt. Cotton