Influence Of Integration Processes Research Articles

Impact of Sanctions on Formation of the Russian Approach to the Legal Regulation of Cross-Border Insolvency

This article is devoted to the analysis of the impact of sanctions and counter-sanctions measures on the formation of the approach of Russian courts to the consideration of disputes in insolvency cases. under the influence of integration processes on a global and regional scale, there is an intensification of foreign economic relations of economic entities from different countries, the interdependence of legal entities is formed within the framework of the international economic process. the active development of international economic activity brings with it not only great profits, opportunities for cost reduction and the development of international communication, but also the most severe crisis phenomena, a great risk of not staying afloat, resulting in a relatively new phenomenon of cross-border insolvency. The author noted the problematic aspects of the impact of sanctions on the consideration of insolvency disputes, including the initiation of bankruptcy proceedings, the inclusion of foreign creditors in the register of creditors’ claims, the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. The author studied cases from the latest practice of Russian courts, noted the features of the consideration of insolvency cases involving creditors and debtors of «unfriendly» countries, made conclusions and assumptions about the further development of judicial practice.

Strategic management of the economic security of corporate enterprises under the influence of integration processes and digitalization

The article reveals the essence of the process of digitalization of the economy of Ukraine in the conditions of growing threats from the external environment, which is connected with the formation of an open economic system and deep transformational ties in global economic relations. Economic relations in the intellectual sphere, which are connected with the innovative activities of Ukrainian enterprises, are the object of attention of both international transatlantic companies and national structures, which are connected with the undermining of the competitiveness of the state and export-oriented enterprises, which ultimately leads to the limitation autonomy and independence of the state. Under such conditions, the importance of economic security and the formation of significantly new systems for the protection of intellectual resources of Ukrainian enterprises and the limitation of the ability to influence the modern information, telecommunications and modern communication systems of the country's enterprises, which can become the object of information attacks on the production infrastructure and the creation of threats, are sharply increasing for its existence.

ЧИННИКИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ТА ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ ПРАВОПОРЯДКУ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО СОЮЗУ: ТЕОРЕТИКО-ПРАВОВИЙ АСПЕКТ

In the article from positions of general theoretic analysis it is expounded the authorial attempt of selection and opening is realized essence of factors, under act of that a law and order of European Union was formed. Analyzing the doctrine going near determination of maintenance of category "law" and order and taking into account legal positions of Court of European Union the authorial attempt of selection of the system of factors of forming of intergovernmental law and order of European Union is realized. In particular, it is influence of regional European political configuration of mutual relations of the states inter se; a law and order of European Union was formed on the basis of statement and unitization of going near perception of universal values of alliance; influence of integration processes between the European states on a law and order of ЄС, specific of legal communication between the states of European о Union, expansion of european legal space and exterritorial action of intergovernmental European right; influence is on transformation of law and order of ЄС of global terms and threats. Drawn conclusion that a law and order of European Union are the legal, political and cultural phenomenon., what can be considered acquisition of European people of загальноцивілізаційного value. A law and order of European Union was formed under act of many factors, character of that absorbed for itself the features of geopolitical world and european regional situation, beginning from middle ХХ century and to these days, cooperation of national cultures of people of Europe, by the search of optimal ways of economic, political and cultural integration European societies. In the conditions of activation of european integration of Ukraine actual is deep development of questions of influence of the european legal system on the legal system of Ukraine taking into account the range of problems of modern development of our state Key words: European Union, Ukraine, Legal procedure of the community, european integration, interstate law, law and freedom of person, political consensus.

Russian-Chinese Relations in the Context of Mutual Influence of Integration Processes

The article examines Russian-Chinese relations in the context of the interface between the projects of the Eurasian Economic Union and the project “One Belt — One Road.” For a relatively long time, experts considered the difficulty of connecting these projects. The EAEU is an integration association of some countries of the post-Soviet space. Regarding the economic belt of the Silk Road, there has long been a discussion about its essence and mechanisms. The complexity of the interface was seen in the obvious difference in the essence of the projects, and hence the interface mechanisms themselves. The concept of “One Belt — One Road” is used by us as a generalization for all individual projects put forward by the People’s Republic of China. In fact, this does not change the interface problem. Recently, with the emergence of new views on integration issues and the formation of the theory of Eurasian integration, it became possible to consider it as a certain mechanism for achieving other more significant goals.Aim. The purpose of the study is to analyze Russian-Chinese relations in the context of the impact of the development of integration projects of EAEU and OBOR.Tasks. Thus, the tasks of the study were: to show the possibility of studying the interaction of projects within the framework of integration interaction; show that interaction is a mechanism for influencing Russian-Chinese relations.Methods. The research methodology is based on modern views on the process of Eurasian integration, more precisely on such concepts as “pragmatic Eurasianism,” “securing integration,” “geographical poles of inaccessibility,” “transport union.” At the same time, the main idea is integration as a mechanism for achieving other goals, including the possibility of influencing international relations. Under current circumstances, the COVID-19 pandemic has a direct impact on international relations and in particular on international economic relations. Since the modern development, primarily economic relations, is largely determined by the influence of the pandemic, the secondary task was to show the stability of integration associations to the conditions of the pandemic.Results. The results were: the possibility of using the provisions of the modern theory of Eurasian integration to solve the problems of interaction between the EAEU and the OBOR was shown; it is shown that the ideological contradictions of the projects of the EAEU (protection of preferences of the common customs territory) and the OBOR (creation of extensive FTAs) are partially removed by the signed agreements within the framework of the interface; resistance of integration structures to pandemic is shown.Conclusions. New approaches to defining the integration process, in particular, the theory of Eurasian integration — “pragmatic Eurasianism” is focused on the possibility of achieving the goals of the “One Belt — One Road” project and the concept of the Great Eurasian Partnership and provides an opportunity to show the dynamics of development, including in Russian-Chinese relations.

INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION PROCESSES INFLUENCE ON WELFARE OF COUNTRY

The primary objective of the research is to investigate the influence of international integration processes on national welfare. Peculiarities of trade and economic liberalization of trade through mechanism of regional trade agreements (RTA) forming have been scrutinized. Integration, which develops due to RTAs, is the most important mechanism of the international cooperation in the field of economic policy. This integration is a coordination and protection mechanism, which functions in a broad spectrum of policies. An exceptional role of RTAs in reaching country economic security has been estimated. RTAs being a result of a compromise reached by protectionism and anti-protectionism forces have been grounded. Using tools of the multiple regression model, the influence of integration processes, in which Ukraine and China participate, on national economic growth rates and on GDP per capita (as major parameters reflecting national welfare level) was simulated. This allowed detecting of the positive direct dependence between the trade liberalization and economic growth rates, as well as the inverse dependence between the trade liberalization and GDP per capita, for both countries. Based on these regression models, economic growth rates and GDP per capita were predicted for next years; according to this prediction, graduate increasing of national welfare shall occur in Ukraine and China.

INTEGRATION DOMINANCE IN MODERN PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATIONAL PROCESS: PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL ASPECT

The article theoretically substantiates the transition to an integrated educational process in primary school due to its modernization, primary school children’s psychophysiological characteristics, the integrity of their worldview, and socio-cultural needs. The influence of integration processes on all spheres of a primary school child’s psyche, namely intellectual, emotional, motivational, and demanding, is revealed.
 The author notes that designing the implementation of an integrated approach in the educational process, we assume that it should be focused on a child’s holistic development and their adaptation to a modern dynamic society. It should be based on every child’s abilities, and promote personality development. Under this approach, the training content involves knowledge acquisition and its direct practical application in search and independent activities. The learning process becomes problematic and creative so that pupils can progress at their own pace, depending on their abilities, interests, and needs. A pupil becomes a real subject of the educational process. A teacher acts as an organizer of learning, a consultant who provides individualization of learning in form and content. Systematic use of specific integrated learning activities, which are aimed at cognitive abilities development, expands children’s worldviews, promotes their mental development, allows them to confidently navigate the laws of reality, and actively use the acquired knowledge in everyday life.

Criminalistics and Forensic Sciences: Problems of Differentiation and Integration

The authors have clarified perspectives for further development of criminalistics in Ukraine under the influence of integration processes of this science from Forensic Science. The genesis of the national model of criminalistics has been briefly studied; a comparative analysis of its content with Forensic Science has been accomplished; and the ways of further development of the system of criminalistics and related sciences in Ukraine have been defined considering the global tendencies of convergence of different models of this field of scientific knowledge. It has been emphasized that the use of the terms of “Criminalistics”, “Forensic Sciences” and “Criminal Investigation” is explained not just by the specifics of terminology in different countries, but primarily due to differences in defining the nature and internal content of these disciplines. According to the authors, the integration of tactical and technical criminalistics tools and methods of combating crime is quite acceptable and not only significantly enriches the arsenal of criminalistics, but determines its existence as an independent science. Such an approach allows us to consider criminalistics not just as one of the many sections of Forensic Sciences, but to single out it as one of the most comprehensive sciences that integrates all other forensic disciplines. The domestic model of criminalistics, in contrast to Forensic Science, represents the issues of a legal nature (criminalistics tactics and methodology), which makes it a science of dual (synthetic) nature. The integration processes observed in the development of criminalistics and Forensic Science are gradually leading to the convergence of these sciences in content. Given this, it is impractical to take further steps to disintegrate criminalistics in Ukraine by separating forensic expertise into a separate science. Otherwise, there will be a complete depletion of the natural and technical component of criminalistics, which may result in the disappearance of this science in general.

НОРМАТИВНЕ ЗАКРІПЛЕННЯ ПОНЯТЬ “ОСВІТНЄ СЕРЕДОВИЩЕ”, “ОСВІТНІЙ ПРОСТІР”, “ОСВІТНІЙ ПРОЦЕС” У КОНТЕКСТІ ПЕДАГОГІЧНОЇ ТЕРМІНОЛОГІЇ

It is specified that the normative consolidation of the concepts “educational space”, “educational environment”, “educational process” is determined by the influence of integration processes, and requires their coordination with the main pedagogical categories. It is defined that the concept “educational space” is a debatable category in the literature, which is not enshrined in law. The term “educational environment” with the definition “safe” was first used as a term in Article 1 of the Law of Ukraine “On Complete General Secondary Education” (2020).We agree with the arguments of researchers who interpret the “educational environment” as a broader term, which includ a set of all subject and item characteristics, which are divided into: a) pedagogically determined and purposeful, b) unfocused, socially related, which take place under certain conditions. A broad and narrow interpretation of the term “educational space” is formulated. The first is the functioning and interaction of all processes that take place in the socio-cultural environment wherever there are act formal and non-formal educational organizations, institutional and non-institutional ones, learning and education processes take place, – the subjects of pedagogical interaction influence on each other and evolve. The second – the educational space of the school, class, and study group – is a self-organizing educational environment, which: is formed by the activity and interaction of the subjects of the pedagogical process; it expresses, develops and preserves socio-cultural and pedagogical.It is defined that in accordance with the legislative changes of recent years, in the context of similar documents of European countries, the term “education” is derived from the defined by a state regulator borders of goal and objectives of education and activities of educational institutions, which should be taken into account when compiling textbooks and manuals.

EAEU INTEGRATION PROCESSES AS A FACTOR INFLUENCING THE TRANSFORMATION OF RUSSIAN BUSINESS LEGISLATION

The processes taking place in the modern world allow us to say that interstate integration is actively developing, and as a result, similar processes are observed in the sphere of law. In this regard, it is clear that there is a need to reflect and identify general trends in the transformation of Russian legislation under the influence of integration processes. This article attempts to identify the relationship between legal and economic integration, to determine the role and place of the EAEU integration processes in the ongoing changes in Russian business legislation, and to formulate proposals to improve the effectiveness of legal integration. First of all, it is necessary to understand the nature of the process, and the historical, legal and economic aspects of integration within the EAEU are monitored and analyzed. In addition, the results of a detailed analysis of both the regulatory component, in terms of the regulation of economic spheres, and the positions of a number of researchers of integration processes, which allowed to draw an unequivocal conclusion about the high degree of influence of the EAEU integration processes on the business legislation of the Russian Federation. Trends in the impact of the EAEU Court on legal integration and, as a result, on the transformation of Russian law have also been revealed. The opinion formulated proposals to improve the effectiveness of legal changes in the sphere of business law of Russia in connection with the integration processes of the EAEU, as well as the opinion on the need to consider the issue of giving the EAEU Court the power to resolve disputes of economic entities of the EAEU member states (international arbitration court). Attention is also drawn to the need for closer cooperation between national executive, legislative, judicial and law enforcement authorities.

Б.Н. Зимин и отечественная социально-экономическая география: к 90-летию со дня рождения

In the works of B.N. Zimin laid the basic principles and approaches to geo-graphical world economic analysis. One of the key ones is the complementarity of sectoral and territorial approaches. He identified the key patterns of industry placement in a mature market environment, the influence of integration processes on shifts in industry placement. He considered European integration as a periodic, cyclical phenomenon and as a process having rational dimensions and finite values of functioning efficiency. Based on clearly formulated criteria (GDP volume, excess of GNP over domestic demand by more than 1/3, narrow sectoral structure of the economy focused primarily on foreign markets, increased share of non-domestic production), B.N. Zimin developed the theory of “Small countries”. From his work on the geography of the “black market” grew a fullfledged direction of economic and geographical research. Assessing the prospects of post-socialist transformation of the Russian economy Zimin proved that it will not take place in an autarkic way, but in the context of reintegration in world economic system and will be determined by the situation in world markets in the global economy.

Вплив інтеграційних процесів на структурну модернізацію регіональних господарських систем

Вплив інтеграційних процесів на структурну модернізацію регіональних господарських систем

Influence of integration processes on harmonization of Ukraine and EU standards

Introduction. Following the signing of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU, Ukraine faces the problem in trade with the EU, as it was expected that the main obstacle would be non-tariff restrictions. The lifting of tariff barriers for domestic producers should help to increase exports to EU countries, but unfortunately for most manufacturers in almost all fields of activity this proved to be an unachievable goal, as the Ukrainian producer immediately faced the problem of non-conformity of the goods with various diversified technical regulations in the EU. Thus, the purpose of the work was to study the importance of maintaining the competitiveness of domestic producers in international markets, namely the interaction of public administration and market self-regulation at national, regional and sectoral levels. As the Agreement on Conformity Assessment and Adoption of Standards is important for Ukrainian manufacturers, new Laws of Ukraine «On Standardization», «On Metrology and Metrological Activity» and «On Technical Regulations and Conformity Assessment» were adopted. Development Strategy system of technical regulation was approved for the purpose of their implementation, and more than 80 regulatory acts have been developed and adopted. The purpose of the article is to look for mechanisms of public administration to implement the standards of the European Union, as well as to harmonize and adapt Ukrainian legislation to EU quality policy. Methods of research. Using theoretical and methodological provisions, priority directions of implementation and harmonization of European standards for Ukraine are considered: standardization and certification of products, as well as directions of development of the mechanism of state regulation of activation of the import potential of domestic enterprises. In addition, the HACCP Food Standards Systems were considered. The following standards are currently recognized: BRC Technical Standard, Dutch HACCP Standard, International Standard for Auditing Food Suppliers, International Food Standard (IFS), SQF 2000 Standard for Food Safety and Quality. Results. It can be argued that standards to which some Ukrainian exporters are currently not adapted are becoming a major obstacle to trade liberalization with the EU. And despite the fact that the Laws of Ukraine «On Standardization», «On Metrology and Metrological Activity» and «On Technical Regulations and Conformity Assessment», important for Ukrainian manufacturers, were adopted. The Strategy of development of the technical regulation system was approved for the purpose of the laws implementation together with other developed 80 regulatory acts. The issue of further harmonization is extremely important and urgent as it will allow domestic producers to sell their products covered by the Agreement on the EU market without additional conformity assessment procedures. Discussion. Further studies should address the development of public administration mechanisms and the problems of implementing European standards in the Ukrainian economy, and ensure the development of a significant number of Ukrainian economic sectors. And, most importantly, the effective development of the social infrastructure of the village should be ensured and the foundation for the proper economic level of its inhabitants should be created.

Тrade policy as an instrument to promote industrial development in Ukraine

Relevance of the research topic is due to the rapid growth in world trade, which leads to new challenges for Ukraine’s industry in the context of deepening economic globalization and increasing international competition. Under these conditions, the development and application of effective industrial policy instruments aimed at supporting promising sectors of the processing industry in the process of integration into the world market is very important. Formulation of the problem. New opportunities associated with the further liberalization of foreign trade in an increasingly open and competitive environment require the creation of a favorable environment for promoting the export activities of Ukrainian industrial producers under the constraints of international trade agreements. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. In the context of increasing the influence of integration processes on the development of production, the problem of choosing the most effective instruments of state regulation, which most of all contributed to active cooperation with foreign partners for export-oriented industrial producers of Ukraine, in particular for products with a higher degree of processing, remains insufficiently studied. Setting the task, the purpose of the study. The objective of the study is to develop proposals for effective trade policy instruments aimed at supporting the export of industrial products with higher added value within the framework of the existing restrictions of international agreements. Method or methodology for conducting research. General scientific methods are used in the work: abstract-logical, systemic; analysis and synthesis, statistical comparisons, grouping, sampling; expert assessments. The field of application of results. The results of this study can be applied in the process of government policy formation on the main aspects of the export development of industry in the context of integration processes. Conclusions. Based on the analysis of quantitative and qualitative indicators of international trade, its geographical vectors, trends in exports and imports of Ukrainian-made industrial goods are disclosed, and effective trade policy instruments are proposed: namely, non-tariff regulatory methods aimed at creating effective policies and institutions and can be used for the eliminating restrictions upon integration of the Ukrainian manufacturer to the international markets.

Higher Professional Education in the Conditions of Integration in European Educational Environment

The article substantiates the priority tasks of reforming the system of higher education in Ukraine. The current state of higher professional education and its tasks are defined; the principles of modern European education are highlighted. Moreover, the components and functions of the organization of the educational process in higher education institutions are identified. The emphasis is placed on the development of pedagogical workers’ professional and pedagogical excellence, the raise of the level of their readiness to use personal development and information and communication technologies, electronic learning tools, information and analytical systems for managing the development of vocational education and students’ training. The recommendations of the European Higher Education Area regarding the development of higher education in the EU countries are substantiated. The author stresses that today one of the main principles of modern European education, which is responsible for the qualitative aspect of training and acquisition of professional competencies, is the mobility of students and teachers. It is noted that the influence of integration processes and the growing role of globalization cause the need to use the international educational standards in the field of education. The influence of reforming the system of higher education onto the creation of favorable conditions for the professional growth of a future specialist is substantiated. Over the last years the improving of the higher education quality have occupied the dominating place in the issues of ensuring the competitiveness of Ukraine’s educational system and training a personnel of a particullar qualification. The author also noted that the influence of integration processes, the growing role of globalization сause the need to use the international educational standards in the field of education. The impact of the higher education system reforming onto the creating of favorable conditions for the development of a person throughout its life, in particular, its professional growth, is theoretically grounded as the key to the development of national intellectual potential. The growing requirements for the quality of training specialists in proffesional education require further theoretical and practical development of the improvement of the system of higher professional education of Ukraine, its recognition in the European and world space, which will be an important step on the way to the professionalism of modern specialists.

PECULIARITIES OF NATIONAL ENERGY MARKETS REGULATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION PROCESSES

The study aims to analyze the processes of international integration of energy markets, systematize the measures for regulatory activities in modern geopolitical conditions. The study was carried out in the course of fulfilling the state task of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No 26.3546.2017 / PCh “Development of the Fundamentals of Analysing and Forecasting Structural and Dynamic Parameters of the Regional Economy on the Basis of Integration of Russian and World Experience of Managing Territorial Development and Modern Scientific Doctrines”. Goal and Objectives. To assess the state of the energy markets and the direction of integration processes in the energy markets, to systematize the legal foundations of energy integration in the Eurasian space, to formulate the main stages and approaches to the formation of a common gas market, to consider Armenia's experience and prospects in integration processes. Methodology. The methods of statistical, logical and system analysis are used in the work to estimate the consequences of energy integration for the EEA countries. Based on the analysis of the empirical data on the energy balances of the countries and the forecast gas balance of the Eurasian Economic Union, the directions for improving energy security are substantiated. Results.The modern world is becoming increasingly globalized and interdependent. This, along with the aggravation of political and economic rivalry associated with the gradual ‘erosion’ of the model of a unipolar world order, creates new risks for the sustainable socio-economic development of individual countries. International economic integration which allows to join the economic potentials of individual countries and, on this basis, increase their protection against risks and threats in various spheres is an instrument of neutralizing these risks. The article considers the mechanisms of mutual influence of integration processes and ensuring national energy security with the main emphasis on the formation and development of the gas market of integration groups. The article analyzes the experience of the EU and the EEU in creating uniform rules for the regulation of energy and gas markets, identifies typical problems and ways to resolve them. Measures that contribute to increasing the speed and intensity of integration processes, based on taking into account national economic interests are proposed. Conclusions. At present, effective provision of energy security for states can not be carried out outside the framework of integration processes. Cooperation within the framework of supranational integration projects form additional conditions for the development of national energy systems and increase the level of its competitiveness. At the same time, ‘gains’ from energy integration for different countries are not equivalent.

Constitutional Law and Teleology: Subject Matter and Method of Meta-Discipline, Scope of Constitutionalization and Interdisciplinary Harmonization

This paper discusses the problems of identifying constitutional law as a meta-discipline, the scope of the subject and method in intersiciplinary harmonization. The relationship between constitutional law and teleology as a science exploring the purpose and expediency is revealed. The author formulates theoretical foundations of constitutional teleology that forms a request for hierarchy and coordination of constitutional and other legal disciplinary values and interests. Taking into account the existing positions in science, the complex nature of the subject of constitutional law, the expansion of the subject of constitutional and legal regulation under the influence of integration processes and the constitutionalization of the rule of law and branches of Russian law are substantiated. In methodological terms, doctrinal legal constructivism is used to build up the subject of constitutional law. The paper considers scientific approaches to the dialectics of the development of the subject of constitutional law and the reflection of the principles of constitutional universalism and constitutional identity in it. The author proposes to identify traditional and universal, innovative and original social relations in the framework of the subject of constitutional law. Special attention is given to constitutional identity as a necessary element of the meta-discipline, the development of the substantive sphere of constitutional law due to the effect of constitutionalization of the rule of law and branches of Russian law. Traditionalism and narrow approach to the scope of the subject of constitutional law are critically evaluated, new vectors in the development of constitutional law are noted, as well as the most important areas of constitutionalization as new subject areas of constitutional and disciplinary regulation. Within the discussion on the universality of the constitution and constitutional law, the existence of implicit or explicit constitutional issue in every branch of Russian law is stated. These issues are: 1) Classification of the subject matter of the branch as a specific type of subject matter (which can either be directly enshrined in the text of the Constitution of the Russian Federation or derived from the interpretation of its norms). 2) The constitutional powers of public authorities in the field of industry lawmaking, law enforcement and interpretation of industry norms.

Impact of integration processes in formation business-models of agri-industrial enterprise

The essence and effectiveness of integration processes in the agrarian sector of Ukraine is studied. The influence of integration processes on the formation of business-models of agro-industrial enterprises is analyzed. The world experience of agricultural cooperation is examined. For the results of the study is found that the effective form of integration that ensures competitiveness peasants and farmers, promotes their business efficiency by servicing its members in the field of processing, delivery, sales, marketing, consulting and even the production of major agricultural products, on the one hand and on the other hand provides a rural population with goods and services of daily use is agricultural service cooperatives.

TRADE RELATIONS BETWEEN LITHUANIA AND RUSSIA IN CONTEXT OF INTEGRATION PROCESSES

The aim of the paper is to analyze the influence of integration processes on the formation of current Lithuanian-Russian trade relations and, on the basis of the analysis, to formulate insights on their specific features. The first part of the paper deals with the nature of the EU common commercial policy by stating that within the integration group two categories of international economic relations are formed, i.e. internal and external. Internal relations are based on the principles related to free trade, and external relations seek to protect internal market from the effect of third parties, bigger than allowed by WTO, i.e. protectionism. In other words, the countries of integration group are opposed to third parties outside the boundaries of the group. The second part is focused on the fact that Russia’s attitude to European integration processes of the last two decades is negative. That attitude is expressed by Russia’s strategic choice, i.e. closer cooperation with some older EU states rather than with the whole organization. That condition, together with peculiarities of mutual economic exchanges, determines that major changes in the development of EU- Russian trade relations are not to be expected. The third part of the paper offers some insights on Lithuanian – Russian trade relations. Based on the statistic figures and analysis of political documents, peculiar features of these relations are discussed, i.e. insufficient level of cooperation intensity, vulnerability of the relations and uncertainty of their perspective. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.0.8.6848

Влияние интеграционных процессов на территориальную структуру химической промышленности новых федеральных земель Германии

Влияние интеграционных процессов на территориальную структуру химической промышленности новых федеральных земель Германии

Wpływ procesów globalizacji i integracji europejskiej na przekształcenia struktur polskiego przemysłu cukrowniczego

The problem of economic transformation, and especially of structural transformations of industries in view of globalization and European integration becomes particularly significant. One of the most important effects of globalization, vital in modernization of economy, is restructuring of industry. This process requires precise recognition of the mechanisms of its functioning and identification and employment of these mechanisms in the process of adapting countries’ economies to the new, competitive conditions of the global economy.Such actions are indispensable to increase the competitiveness of products and services provided by enterprises.In the period of transformation, functioning of the Polish sugar industry depended not only on the current socio-economic conditions, but also on the influence of integration processes. As economic transformation, especially restructuring of enterprises, is strictly connected with great financial expenditure and with changes in the system of management, it had an effect on the course of transformations in the spatial structure of the Polish sugar industry