Influence Of Immunological Factors Research Articles

PATHOGENETIC SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CHARACTER OF WOMAN’S UROGENITAL INFECTION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ADENOMYOSIS

Adenomyosis is one of the important problems of modern gynecology, which leads to impaired reproductive function, reduced work capacity and quality of life of women. The prevalence of endometriosis in the female population ranges from 20-55% in patients of reproductive age. An important role in the occurrence and development of adenomyosis is played by genetic predisposition, hormonal changes and the influence of immunological factors. Of great interest is a new concept regarding the significant role of bacterial contamination of the genital tract in patients with adenomyosis. The study of the influence of microorganisms on the mechanisms of activation of the inflammatory reaction associated with the progression of endometrioid lesions is relevant and requires the search for new approaches to diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
 The purpose of the work is to study the influence of the woman’s urogenital infection in the development of adenomyosis.
 Materials and methods. 85 patients with 1st and 2nd degree adenomyosis and 30 healthy fertile women were examined. The average age of the examined was 27.3±1.6 years. A comprehensive clinical examination, ultrasound, colposcopic, hysteroscopic studies were conducted. Microbial flora analysis included bacterioscopic, bacteriological research methods with determination of sensitivity to antibiotics, and PCR method. The concentration of cytokines in the culture medium (supernatant) was determined by the enzyme immunoassay. Statistical data processing was performed using the Statsoft Statistica v6.0 and Microsoft Excel 97 software packages.
 Results. In the structure of gynecological diseases, 95.6% of patients with adenomyosis had inflammatory diseases of female genital organs, chronic herpes and cytomegalovirus infection was found in almost 93%. In women with adenomyosis, the II-III stage of vaginal cleanliness prevails with an “intermediate” type of biocenosis, which is characterized by a reduced content of lactobacilli, the presence of various types of morphotypes of gram-positive and gram-negative rods and cocci, and dysbiosis (49.4%), when a mixed bacterial flora prevails microflora, a high percentage of the combination of adenomyosis with chronic inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs justifies the need to use antimicrobial therapy in this category of patients. When studying the cytokine profile of the cervical contents and endometrium, an increase in the concentration of the main proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα and a factor with chemotoxic properties IL-8 was found. The obtained data indicate that the development of adenomyosis is facilitated by a previous immuneinflammatory reaction, which is accompanied by a violation of the local cytokine balance.
 Conclusions. Microbiological examination of patients with adenomyosis revealed a violation of the microbial landscape of the reproductive tract in most of the examined. The obtained data indicate a high percentage of the combination of adenomyosis with chronic inflammatory diseases of the pelvic reproductive organs. Previous adenomyosis is an immunoinflammatory reaction, accompanied by a violation of the local cytokine balance. Increased cytokine activity and the presence of infectious agents are associated with the spread of adenomyosis.

The Role of the Healthy Dietary Intake in Women with Human Papilloma Virus

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted viral infection in humans. More than half of sexually active women and men are infected with HPV at some point in their lives. The behavior of lesions caused by HPV is under the influence of immunological factors; cell-mediated immunity is an important aspect. Some authors report that women with severe immunosuppression have an increased risk of cytological abnormalities in the presence of a high load of HPV due to persistent infection. When nutritional status is poor in macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates and fats) and micronutrients (mainly zinc, folic acid and vitamin A), immune function is limited, which leaves the body unprotected against infectious pathogens like HPV. Several studies have reported beneficial associations with the intake of some micronutrients such as vitamins A and C, folic acid, etc. These compounds have a chemopreventive effect due to their antioxidant action. Analyzing the intake of some foods in patients with HPV will allow control of the injuries caused by the virus. A dietary and nutritional approach in treating these patients should be considered. Keywords: Antioxidants, diet, Human papillomavirus, immunity, nutritional status, obesity, vitamins.

Role of medical history in brain tumour development. Results from the international adult brain tumour study.

In an international population-based case-control study carried out in 8 centres in 6 countries, we investigated the role of specific medical conditions in the aetiology of brain tumours in adults. Recruited were 1,178 glioma and 331 meningioma cases and 2,493 age- and gender-matched population controls. Only medical conditions occurring at least 2 years before brain tumour diagnosis were considered. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a conditional logistic regression model. Heterogeneity between centres was tested. No association between meningioma and previous medical conditions was observed. For glioma, there was an increased risk associated with epilepsy (RR = 6.55, 95% CI 3.40-12.63), but this was considerably weaker for epilepsy of more than 20 years duration. The risk remained elevated after adjustment for use of anti-epileptic drugs. There was a statistically significant inverse association between glioma and all allergic diseases combined (RR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.49-0.71); this was also observed for specific allergic conditions, namely, asthma and eczema. Subjects who reported a history of infectious diseases (e.g., colds, flu) showed a 30% reduction in risk (RR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.61-0.85). The decreased risks for glioma in subjects reporting a history of allergic conditions or infectious diseases may indicate an influence of immunological factors on the development of glioma. The association between glioma and epilepsy has to be interpreted cautiously and needs further investigation.

Immunological factors influencing transplant results

In spite of premature claims that the influence of immunological factors on transplant outcome had been eliminated with the introduction of cyclosporine, there is now ample evidence that immunological risk factors continue to play an important role, even with modern immunosuppression. Recent data from the worldwide Collaborative Transplant Study are provided to illustrate the continued strong influence of histocompatibility matching and presensitization as well as the decreased influence of pretransplant blood transfusions on transplant results.

Changes in resistance of mice of various strains to tumors under the influence of immunologic factors

In experiments on mice with administration of a carcinogen in the early period after immunization (BCG vaccine, Freund's complete adjuvant) it was shown that an increase or decrease in the resistance of the animal to tumors may be determined by hereditary features. Antitumor resistance was reduced under these circumstances only in mice of strains in which a known predisposition to the formation of a state of allergy to tuberculin has been observed. In the late stages after immunization, when the intensity of the allergic component of reactivity was reduced, antitumor resistance was substantially higher than initially.

Cultivation and transformation of hemoflagellates. A review.

The author reviews the literature on cultivation of several of the family Trypanosomatidae and other biological aspects of these flagellates in relation to external influences. Although very few species have been cultnred successfully in defined media, the known nutritional requirements establish a gradation that ranges from the more simple monogenetic forms (invertebrate parasites) to those of the Salivaria trypanosomes, whose nutritional requirement are more complex and demanding. In view of the transformations of these flagellates during their life cycle, the lack of knowledge on their culture, especially in relation to the characteristics of the vertebrate host becomes more evident. Gaps also exist in our knowledge of nutritional and other factors that influence this transformation. However, physiological and structural changes in certain forms confirm the complexity of this phenomenon. In the few cases in which presumably vertebrate forms have been reproduced in vitro, as in certain of the Leishmanias, the identity of the replicates with the original forms must be definitively established. A more complete biochemical and physiological understanding of thc: transmitting insects would greatly contribute to the knowledge of the transo formation process of the flagellates. Environmental morphological and physiological influences apparent1y explain the ability or inability of some polymorphic trypanosomes to infect a new host. Also environmental, and possibly nutritional factors may play an important role in restoring infectivity to certain forms maintained in culture. Finally, the specificity of certain flagellates for a determined vertebrate host can be explained by the possible influence of immunological factors on those of nutrition.

Influence of immunological factors in respiratory syncytial virus disease.

Influence of immunological factors in respiratory syncytial virus disease.

The Influence of Immunologic Factors on Dental Caries

The Influence of Immunologic Factors on Dental Caries

The Possible Influence of Immunological Factors in the Production of Cataract

Lens protein consists of three distinctive and different proteins—alpha, beta, and gamma crystalline. Alpha is the strongest in its organ-specific reactions and when separated from the two others may behave as an antigen in the homologous animal. Experimental production of cataract has occurred only in the young of treated mothers. The two groups of theories with regard to the application of knowledge concerning lens protein are discussed. From the Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute of the Johns Hopkins University and Hospital. Read before the Association for Research in Ophthalmology, in Milwaukee, May 10, 1933.