Influence Of High Protein Diets Research Articles

Influence of high-protein diet on the functional ability of the liver in rats and correction possibilities

Aim. To study the changes of biochemical parameters of blood serum, the qualitative and quantitative composition of the large intestinal microbiota, the feces of prepubertal rats with a high-protein type of nutrition and following correction with the probiotic «Normobakt». Methods. To create a model, Wistar rats were used, who received a high-protein diet (35% of the total diet) for 7 weeks (group 1). The second group of laboratory animals received «Normobakt» preparation for 2 weeks. The control group was on a balanced diet. Biochemical parameters of blood serum were evaluated using an automatic biochemical analyzer СА-400 (Japan) with liquid stable diagnostic kits (Diasys, Germany). For bacteriological study, samples of feces and large intestine tissues of the laboratory animals were obtained. Results. In animals receiving a high protein diet, the biochemical parameters of blood serum were characterized by high levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total protein, triglycerides compared to the control group, and by contrast, concentration of cholesterol and Apo-A1-protein was decreased. In the microflora of the large intestine and feces, the level of opportunistic microflora remained unchanged, levels of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. were significantly lower than those of the control group. Correction with the «Normobakt» preparation led to a significant decrease of the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, total protein and glucose in the blood serum. Moreover, in microbiota of the large intestine and feces, the level of opportunistic microflora reduced to zero, but the concentration of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. significantly increased in comparison with the rat group without biotic correction. Conclusion. High-protein diet has a negative effect on the functional ability of the liver, causing an increase of aminotransferase activity, changes in cholesterol and protein metabolism, accompanied by changes of the intestine and feces microbiota; use of the drug «Normobakt» promotes normalization of the parameters; on the background of increasing levels of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. quantitative parameters of opportunistic microflora decrease.

The mean dietary protein intake at different stages of chronic kidney disease is higher than current guidelines

The actual dietary protein intake of adults without and with different stages of chronic kidney disease is not known. To evaluate this we performed cross-sectional analyses of 16,872 adults (20 years of age and older) participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2008 who completed a dietary interview by stage of kidney disease. Dietary protein intake was assessed from 24-h recall systematically collected using the Automated Multiple Pass Method. Complex survey analyses were used to derive population estimates of dietary protein intake at each stage of chronic kidney disease. Using dietary protein intake of adults without chronic kidney disease as the comparator, and after adjusting for age, the mean dietary protein intake was 1.30 g/kg ideal body weight/day (g/kgIBW/d) and was not different from stage 1 or stage 2 (1.28 and 1.25 g/kgIBW/d, respectively), but was significantly different in stage 3 and stage 4 (1.22 and 1.13 g/kgIBW/d, respectively). These mean values appear to be above the Institute of Medicine requirements for healthy adults and the NKF-KDOQI guidelines for stages 3 and 4 chronic kidney disease. Thus, the mean dietary protein intake is higher than current guidelines, even after adjusting for age.

The effect of high protein diet on urea and guanidino compound levels in renal insufficient mice.

Nephrectomy in mice provokes a decrease in creatinine clearance (CTN(Cl)) and an increase in urea and specific guanidino compound (GC) concentrations in blood and other tissues. Our purpose was to investigate the influence of high protein diet (HPD) on CTN(Cl), urea and GC levels in NX mice. Mice were nephrectomized or sham-operated and subdivided in groups to study five diet conditions. At the end of each experiment, 10 days and 30 days postsurgery, urine and blood were collected for determination of urea and GCs, including creatinine. HPD resulted in significantly higher CTN(Cl) values in sham-operated mice than those observed in mice under normal protein diet, 10 days as well as 30 days postnephrectomy. HPD induced significant increases in plasma urea, guanidinosuccinic acid, argininic acid and a-keto-delta-guanidinovaleric acid concentration 10 days postsurgery but not 30 days postsurgery. HPD coincided with significantly higher excretion of urea, guanidinosuccinic acid, alpha-keto-delta-guanidinovaleric acid, creatine, argininic acid and gamma-guanidinobutyric acid in sham-operated and nephrectomized mice 10 days postsurgery. Our results show that HPD induces supplementary (to nephrectomy) increases of urea and GCs in the early postsurgery period but not in the later phase.

Effect of Supplemental Fish Meal on the Lactation and Reproductive Performance of Dairy Cows

The influence of high protein diets (21% CP, DM basis), containing varied percentages of RUP, on lactation performance and fertility was evaluated. Sixty-two Holstein cows (65% multiparous) were blocked by age and randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design from d 12 to 125 postpartum. Factor 1 was 0 or 3.5% fish meal diet, factor 2 was location (Calan door versus free stall), and factor 3 was parity (first versus second or later). The soybean meal diet consisted of alfalfa hay, corn silage, barley, and soybean meal. The fish meal diet contained 3.5% fish meal (ruminant grade menhaden) that replaced a portion of the soybean meal.Cows fed the fish meal diet (40% RUP) had DMI, BW, and body condition similar to those of cows offered the soybean meal diet (34% RUP). Cows receiving the fish meal supplement tended to have higher milk protein production throughout the trial, higher milk production during the first 6 wk, and significantly lower ruminal ammonia concentrations than cows receiving the soybean meal diet. Differences in reproductive performance were not significant except for a diet by housing location interaction for conception rates from first AI.

Influence of high-protein diets on brain phospholipid, ganglioside and monogalactosyl glycolipid content previously altered by long-term low-protein and ethanol administration.

A previous study was undertaken to determine the influence of the combined effects of ethanol consumption and a low-protein diet on brain membrane (phospholipids and gangliosides) and myelin (monogalactosyl glycolipids) lipids. Male Wistar rats chronically consuming ethanol were fed isoenergetic diets containing 22% protein (controls) or 6% protein (protein-deprived) from 60 to 240 days of age. Protein malnutrition initiated at 60 days of age affected phosphatidylglycerol, sphingophospholipid, monosialoganglioside GM1 and cerebroside containing nervonic fatty acid by 240 days of age. Among the effects of ethanol was an increase of the relative proportion of lipid galactose in monogalactosyl glycolipids and of N-acetylneuraminic acid in the trisialoganglioside GT1b, while there was decrease of the lipid phosphorus in the investigated phospholipids and of the disialoganglioside GD1a. The low-protein diet generally interfered with ethanol effects except for monosialo GM3, GM2 and GM1 gangliosides. The present study was carried out to investigate whether the ethanol-induced effect on these brain lipids could be elevated when we switched these animals to diets with 21 or 34% protein during the following 90 days. It was found that increasing protein intake and cessation of drinking ethanol returned the investigated brain phospholipids, monogalactosyl glycolipids and gangliosides to control values.

P-7-19 Microstructure of renal damage and influence of high protein diet in NOD mice

P-7-19 Microstructure of renal damage and influence of high protein diet in NOD mice

Adaptability of pancreatic enzymes activity to various food nutritive values in man. Influence of high protein diet

The effect of varying dietary protein content on the activity of human pancreatic proteinases was studied in healthy volunteers. Following the consumption of food with a higher protein content, proteinases activities in duodenal aspirate after pancreozymin and secretin stimulation showed an increasing trend only for a period of 14 days and then returned to their original values. Chymotrypsin is more sensitive and its activity increased significantly. Trypsin activity increased without statistical significance. No evidence of changing other parameter (volume, bicarbonate concentration, amylase and lipase activities) was observed.

Influence of High Protein Diets on Cartilage and Bone Formation in Rats

The influence of diets containing combinations of high protein and low calcium on discrete stages of bone formation was investigated in 28-day-old rats. A bone matrix-induced bone forming system was utilized to determine the stages of endochondral ossification that were being affected. Mesenchymal cell proliferation as assessed by [3H]-thymidine incorporation and ornithine decarboxylase activity were unchanged in animals fed a high protein (80% casein)/normal calcium (0.61% Ca; 0.40% P) diet. However, osteogenesis was reduced by 78% in the rats fed high protein/normal calcium as measured by 45Ca incorporation. Alkaline and acid phosphatase activities in bone were increased 2.5 and 2.3 times, respectively, reflecting increased matrix turnover induced by the high protein availability. Bone that did form was not remodeled nor was there evidence of marrow formation. The animals were normocalcemic and normophosphatemic and showed no evidence of acidosis. A combination diet of high protein and low calcium resulted in a 62% reduction of cell proliferation and chondrogenesis and a 98% inhibition of bone formation. High dietary protein-induced osteoporosis in animals is due to a failure of osteogenesis at the stage of ossification possibly a result of restricted availability of calcium at the site of mineralization.protein calcium bone formation

Influence of High Protein Diets on Vitamin A Metabolism and Adrenal Hypertrophy in the Chick

High dietary levels of isolated soybean protein, purified isolated soybean protein, casein-gelatin, vitamin-free casein, or amino acid mixtures formulated to simulate isolated soybean protein were administered to chicks. When adequate dietary intake of the high protein diets was obtained, a significantly decreased liver vitamin A storage was observed as compared with that of pair-fed chicks consuming the same protein at moderate dietary levels. Isolated soybean protein diets had the most marked effects in reducing vitamin A liver stores. The depletion of vitamin A ester in the liver was more complete than the depletion of vitamin A alcohol. Enlargement of the adrenal glands occurred in chicks consuming the high isolated soybean protein diets. This enlargement appeared to be due primarily to hypertrophy of the adrenal cortical tissue.

Influence of high-protein diets on liver-function tests in kwashiorkor.

Influence of high-protein diets on liver-function tests in kwashiorkor.

Influence of High Protein Diets on the Kidney.

Influence of High Protein Diets on the Kidney.