Influence Of Harvest Date Research Articles

Influence of harvest date on multi-targeted metabolomic profile and sensory attributes of Ribolla Gialla base and sparkling wines

In addition to a balanced production level, the timing of grape harvest is a crucial factor to be considered for the winemaking process of sparkling wines. A sufficient accumulation of sugars and an optimal level of acidity in grapes throughout ripening is necessary not only to achieve the desired alcohol levels in the wine but also to guarantee the biosynthesis of the aromatic precursors. To target optimal grape ripeness and maximise the positive sensory attributes of the wine produced, the work presented herein deals with a study on whether an extended harvest date might have a greater positive organoleptic impact and lead to an increase in important odour–impact compounds. In the resulting Ribolla Gialla monovarietal sparkling wines, a one-week delay after reaching technological maturity of the grapes expressed an improvement in the aromatic profile in the obtained samples by altering the profile and abundance of grape-derived compounds and fermentative esters. This was consequently reflected in the sensory evaluation, as the wines achieved higher scores for ‘floral’, ‘citrus fruit’, and ‘yeast’ sensory descriptors when the grapes were harvested a week after the minimum compromise between total acidity concentration and total soluble solids. Moreover, an extension of the harvest date is not necessarily correlated with the formation of untypical ageing off-flavour substances that could be detrimental to the quality of sparkling wines. Conversely, the lipid content proved to be more dependent on the climatic factors of the individual vintage compared to subsequent harvest time. By merging a multi-targeted approach of exploring wine metabolites and sensory characteristics, it is thus possible to predict an optimal harvest date for obtaining high-quality Ribolla Gialla sparkling wines.

Effect of Sugar Beet Harvest Date on Its Technological Quality Parameters by Exploratory Analysis

Choice of the harvest date is one of the foundations of vintage quality and good-yield sugar in sugar beet. However, it is difficult to define the harvest date and more precisely the date of maturity of beet roots, in an exact and absolute way. Indeed, maturity is divided into several stages and degrees depending on environmental and climatic conditions such as temperature, precipitation, geographic area, and others. The present study evoked the effect of three harvest dates (at esteemed maturity, 7 days after maturity, and 15 days after maturity) on the technological quality parameters, namely, sucrose, nitrogen, potassium, and sodium, using the most popular chemometric method, principal component analysis (PCA). To do this, samples from the Tadla irrigated perimeter were used. The results of exploratory analyses by the application of PCA clearly showed the influence of harvest date, in an important way, on the three quality parameters, composition of sucrose, potassium, and sodium. But, for nitrogen composition, there were negligible variations between samples.

Influence of Harvest Date and Grape Variety on Sensory Attributes and Aroma Compounds in Experimental Icewines of Ukraine

Icewine is a sweet dessert wine whose sensory and chemical attributes are caused by technology peculiarities including the special climatic conditions and acceptable grape varieties. This study aimed to evaluate the sensory characteristics and aromatic compounds in experimental icewines produced from the grape varieties Rkatsiteli, Telti kuruk, Marselan, and Moldova that had been picked in the Odessa region at temperatures of at least minus 7 °C during the 2015 (H1) and 2016 (H2) harvests. Sensory attributes were determined by trained experts, and descriptors for icewines were chosen by consensus. A total of 33 aromatic compounds including 12 that exceeded the threshold were identified using chromatographic analysis. Rkatsiteli icewine obtained from H1 was characterized by the highest concentration of geraniol, 1-octanol, and 2-phenyl acetate, influencing the pronounced citrus and sweet fruit aromas in sensory profiles. The highest concentrations of ethyl hexanoate and ethyl octanoate associated with aromas of dried fruits were detected in Moldova and Marselan icewines made from H2. No 1-hexanol and benzyl alcohol were found in Rkatsiteli and Telti kuruk icewines. Only Moldova and Marselan icewines had γ-nonalactone and benzaldehyde, respectively. Sensory parameters and the quantity of aromatic compounds of Ukrainian experimental icewines depended on harvest date and grape varieties.

Effects of Harvest Time on the Yield, Quality and Active Substance of Torreya grandis Nut and Its Oil.

Torreya grandis is an important economic tree species in China. It provides nutritional value and is important to the health care industry. There are ongoing issues with product quality which are primarily related to improper management and early harvest. This study was carried out during the fruit ripening processes to evaluate the influence of harvesting date on T. grandis quality, and to determine the optimal harvest period. The effects of harvest time on the variation of quality and nutritional parameters of T. grandis nuts and its oil were evaluated, and the optimal harvest period was determined. The results showed that harvest timing had a strong effect on both oil yield and quality. Prolonged ripening could induce higher levels of kernel rate, fruit inclusions, oil and nutritional quality. When the sample harvested in the mid-September, the kernel rate and oil content were increased by 1.88±0.31% and 6.65±0.47%, respectively, compared to samples harvested in the beginning of late-August. Similarly, the mid-September harvest resulted in total unsaturated fatty acids content of the oil being increased by 5.3±0.34%, the FFA and peroxide value being decreased by 40.7±0.15% and 76±0.08%, respectively, and total tocopherols and free amino acids were increased 7.5±0.24% and 47.3±0.15%, respectively, compared to the samples harvested on Aug. 25. The results indicated that the optimal harvest time of T. grandis fruits was mid-September as it was beneficial for improving the quality of T. grandis nut and its oil. It was suggested that T. grandis fruit should be harvested later.

Influence of harvest date, 1-MCP treatment, and storage conditions on NDVI of European pear (Pyrus communis L.) ‘Conference’ throughout postharvest quality progress

Influence of harvest date, 1-MCP treatment, and storage conditions on NDVI of European pear (<i>Pyrus communis</i> L.) ‘Conference’ throughout postharvest quality progress

Evaluating the Variability in the Phenolic Concentration of Extra Virgin Olive Oil According to the Commission Regulation (EU) 432/2012 Health Claim.

The health benefits of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) are associated to its fatty acids profile (with predominance of oleic acid) and to the minor components that include phenols, among others. Phenols are responsible for the only health claim of olive oil reported in the Commission Regulation (EU) 432/2012. Here, we have applied a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method to determine the most abundant phenols included in the health claim (with special emphasis on secoiridoids) in 1239 EVOO samples produced in two consecutive agronomical seasons. The predominant cultivars in Spain ("Picual", "Arbequina", "Hojiblanca", and "Cornicabra") were evaluated. We also studied the influence of harvesting date and orchard location on the EVOO phenolic concentration. A great variability in phenolic content, from 1 to 2850 mg/kg, was found in these EVOOs, and not all of them (4.6 and 23.1% in the two seasons) reported a concentration above 250 mg/kg to certify the health claim.

Influence of Harvest Date and Postharvest Treatment on Carotenoid and Flavonoid Composition in French Marigold Flowers.

The aim of this study was to characterize carotenoids and flavonoids present in French marigold flowers (Tagetes patula "Durango Red") as well as to assess the effects of harvest dates and postharvest treatments on these compounds. Carotenoids and flavonoids were quantified using their respective standards or semiquantified using relevant related standards. Lutein and its derivatives largely dominated the flower carotenoids, while the flavonoids were diverse with patuletin leading the list. Of the different postharvest treatments, ensilage leads to the highest content of carotenoids (from 5.0 to 7.8 g kg-1 dw) and flavonoids (from 19 to 50 g kg-1 dw). The composition of individual flavonoids was greatly influenced by different postharvest treatments, while the influence of harvest dates was secondary. Ensilage and drying induced separate metabolic pathways leading to degradation of high-molecular glycosidic compounds, converting the compounds either to their aglycones or into the intermediate flavonoid glycosides. We conclude that according to the intended industrial application, different postharvest techniques can be employed to acquire desired flavonoids on a large scale.

Fruit canopy position and harvest date influence on colour and quality of Imperial mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco)

Rind colour and taste are important factors influencing consumer acceptance of mandarins (Citrus reticulata Blanco) fruit. In this experiment, the influence of fruit canopy position and harvest date on the fruit rind colour and other quality parameters of Imperial mandarins was investigated. The mandarin fruit were harvested from four different positions in the tree canopy i.e., upper-inner, upper-outer, lower-inner and lower-outer and at three different harvest dates (H1 (five days before commercial harvest date); H2 (commercial harvest date) and H3 (five days after commercial harvest date). The experiment was conducted using a two factors (fruit position and harvest time) factorial randomised block design with four replicates and fifteen fruit per replicate. Rind colour and the quality of Imperial mandarins were significantly affected by the fruit position in the tree canopy, with the fruit harvested from the upper canopy having better rind colour and higher levels of organic acids and sugars compared to other positions. The late harvested (H3) mandarins exhibited the best fruit colour. In conclusion, the Imperial mandarin fruit had better fruit colour as well as quality when harvested from the upper canopy and by delaying the fruit harvest date by five days from the original commercial harvest date.

Production area and harvest date influence superficial scald incidence and ultra-structure of 'Suli' pear skin during long term storage

The effect of production area and harvest date on the superficial scald incidence, ultra-structure of the pericarp, core browning, and related physical qualities of ‘Suli’ pears during storage period at 0 °C were investigated. ‘Suli’ fruits were harvested at Taigu and Linyi in Shanxi province of China over five different dates and then stored at 0±0.5 °C with 85-90% relative humidity for 120 or 200 days. Superficial scald was detected after 120 and 200 days of storage. Harvest date and production area significantly affected the incidence of superficial scald and the quality of 'Suli' fruits. Earlier harvest time was associated with increased incidence of superficial scald. Fruits picked at Linyi developed more severe superficial scald than fruits harvested at Taigu. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that the cuticle and wax layer of fruits from Taigu were thicker than those from Linyi after storage. The surface of earlier harvested fruits had less wax and more extensive cracking, lower pectin content, and damaged skin organization structure. The incidence of superficial scald in ‘Suli’ pears is dependent on the ultra-structure of these superficial layers, and differences may be driven by harvest date and location. Keywords: Production area, Harvest date, Superficial scald incidence, Ultra-structure, ‘Suli’ pear

Influence of the harvest date on berry compositions and wine profiles of Vitis vinifera L. cv. ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ under a semiarid continental climate over two consecutive years

The ripeness of a grape is critical to berry composition and to the resultant wine. For wineries with a single cultivar occupying an extensive area, the total soluble solid of grapes can range from 22°Brix to 28°Brix. Accordingly, the influence of different harvest dates (ripeness) on berry compositions and on the resultant wine profile was investigated for Vitis vinifera L. cv. ‘Cabernet Sauvignon.’ Berry dehydration was observed as berry weight and juice yields decreased. Berry anthocyanins were concentrated and methylated anthocyanin levels fluctuated with increasing delays in harvesting. Hexanal and 2-hexenal levels in must decreased significantly as berries ripened. In the resultant wines, 2,3-butanediol levels increased. Wines harvested earlier were lighter, presented lower color intensity (CI) values and higher yellow% levels, and exhibited richer aroma profiles (compounds). Through a principal component analysis and discriminant analysis, the compounds characterizing each harvest date were identified.

Miscanthus for biogas production: Influence of harvest date and ensiling on digestibility and methane hectare yield

AbstractThe 8,000 biogas plants currently in operation in Germany are mainly fed with biomass from annual crops. However, feedstock from perennial crops such as miscanthus is expected to be more environmentally benign. If miscanthus is to be used in greater amounts as a substrate for anaerobic digestion, storage will become a relevant topic, as a continuous supply of biomass throughout the year is necessary. The objective of this study was to identify the miscanthus harvest time that best balances the simultaneous achievement of high silage quality, high digestibility and high methane hectare yields. For this purpose, biomass from four miscanthus genotypes with varying senescence characteristics was harvested on three different dates in autumn 2017. Part of the biomass was ensiled, and the methane yield of both ensiled and non‐ensiled biomass was analysed in a biogas batch test to assess the effect of ensiling on the methane hectare yield and digestion velocity. The ensiled biomass was found to have an up to 7% higher substrate‐specific methane yield and also showed a higher digestion velocity than the non‐ensiled biomass. The silage quality was best when miscanthus was harvested in mid‐October, due to highest lactic acid content (average: 3.0% of DM) and lowest pH (average: 4.39) compared to the harvests in mid‐September and beginning of October. Mass losses during ensiling (as high as 7.6% of fresh matter for the M. sinensis genotype Sin55) were compensated for by a higher substrate‐specific methane yield (up to 353 Nml CH4 (g oDM)−1) in ensiled miscanthus. This resulted in non‐significantly different methane hectare yields for non‐ensiled (average: 4.635 Nm3 CH4/ha) and ensiled miscanthus biomass (4.803 Nm3 CH4/ha). A comparison of the four genotypes suggests that Miscanthus x giganteus is the most suitable genotype for ensiling as it had the best silage quality.

Germination of Fully Developed Corylopsis Seeds Influenced by Harvest Date and Cold Stratification

Corylopsis seed germination tests were conducted to assess the influence of harvest date (seed maturity) and cold stratification (CS) at 5 °C. Corylopsis gotoana seeds harvested on 12 July, 2 and 22 Aug., 6 and 20 Sept., and 1 and 10 Oct. 2011 were immersed in water for 20 min to separate fully developed seeds (full seeds) from empty seeds by floatation, and by X-ray scanning to identify full from empty seeds (Expt. 1). Immersing seeds in water did not effectively separate full seeds from empty seeds as evaluated by seed germination tests. Seeds harvested on or around 6 Sept. that sank showed translucent X-ray images with fully developed internal structures composed of embryo, cotyledons, and endosperm, and were considered mature. Without CS, &gt;12% seeds harvested on 20 Sept. germinated, regardless of whether seeds were full or empty. Seeds of C. coreana harvested on 5 and 15 Sept., and 5 and 18 Oct. were stored dry at 20 °C until 27 Dec. and germinated after 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks of CS (Expt. 2). Longer than 6 weeks of CS was required to accelerate and increase the germination of seeds harvested on or after 5 Sept. Germination percentage of full seeds harvested on Oct. 18 was increased to &gt;72% as the duration of CS treatment increased to 12 weeks. In conclusion, fully developed seeds harvested on or after 6 Sept. were considered mature and 6 weeks of CS accelerated germination and increased the germination percentage. Further, dormancy of Corylopsis seeds appears to be shallow since germination occurred without any CS.

Influence of harvest date on sensory quality attributes of avocado ‘Hass’

Influence of harvest date on sensory quality attributes of avocado ‘Hass’

Influence of harvest date on seed yield and quality in forage kochia

Influence of harvest date on seed yield and quality in forage kochia

Influence of harvest dates on growth and yield of Aloe (Aloe barbadensis Miller) in polyhouse production

Influence of harvest dates on growth and yield of Aloe (<i>Aloe</i> <i>barbadensis</i> Miller) in polyhouse production

Influence of harvest date on volatile and sensory profile of vine leaves infusions from two Portuguese red grape varieties

The main object of the present study was to investigate the volatile composition and sensorial profile of vine leaves infusions prepared from vine leaves collected 30 and 60 days after grape harvest from two Portuguese red grape varieties (Touriga Nacional and Tinta Roriz). Twelve volatile compounds were detected in vine leaves infusions (6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, 1-undecene, Z-citral, cedrenol, DL-limonene, 2,4-hexadien-2-ol, benzaldehyde, heptane-1,2,4,6-tetraene, cyclohexene 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl), 1,6-octadien-3-ol, 3,7-dimethyl, 5,9-undecadien-2-one-6,10-dimethyl-(5E) and α-cedrol). In addition, it was observed that the volatile compounds present in vine leaves infusions were dependent on the harvest time, with significantly major volatile content in vine leaves collected after 30 days of harvesting. Thus, it was more important the harvesting date for the volatile profile of vine leaves infusion than the vine leave grape cultivar. Similar tendency was also obtained for the sensory profile, with significant differences for astringency and aroma intensity attributes of vine leaves infusions according to the harvesting date.

Harvest Date Influence on Seed Germination of Some Nerica Rainfed Rice Varieties

The present study aims to determine the effect of harvest date on the germination of rice seeds. The experiment was carried out at Nkol bisson, a locality within the forest agro-ecological zone characterized by a bimodal rainfall pattern. Four varieties of NERICA: NERICA 3, NERICA 8, NERICA 9 and 13 NERICA widely grown in Cameroon were used and planted in a completely randomized block design. Rice seed was produced according to the standards of its production and were harvested at six different dates: 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 days after heading. The harvested seeds were dried at 13% moisture content. The results showed that the harvest dates have a significant effect on the latency, the time corresponding to 50% sprouted grains (T50), the number of sprouted grains, number of dead seed and the number of non-sprouted grains. There was significant difference between rice varieties evaluated and the different harvesting date. The germination rates 98.88%, 99.44%, 99.75% and 97.00% were obtained respectively for the harvest dates of 30, 35, 40 and 45 days after 50% heading. The harvest dates 20 and 25 days after 50% heading presented low germination rates. With these early harvesting dates, the mean percentages of dead seeds ranged between 18.25% and 55.25%. Too early harvest had a negative impact on rice seeds germination. To obtain good germination rate, it is recommend harvesting rice between the ranges of 30 to 40 days after 50% of heading.

Harvest date as a factor affecting crop yield, oil content and fatty acid composition of the seeds of calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) cultivars

Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in calendula (Calendula officinalis L.), as an oil-bearing plant whose seeds contain unique polyunsaturated fatty acids that can be used in pharmaceutical, paint and coatings industries. The influence of harvest date on seed yield and oil biosynthesis in calendula seeds has not been widely researched. A three-year field experiment was carried out to examine the effect of harvest dates at 50%, 65% and 80% seed maturity on the yield and fatty acid composition of seven calendula cultivars. The highest seed (1096–1950kgha−1) and oil (181–391kgha−1) yield and the highest oil content (16.39–20.55%) were achieved when calendula plants were harvested with 65% of mature seeds, and yields were somewhat smaller with 80% of mature seeds. The oil from calendula seeds harvested at 80% seed maturity was characterized by the highest content of α-calendic acid (43.60%–54.39%) and the lowest content of the remaining fatty acids. The Partial Least Squares Regression analysis revealed that oil (r2=95.8) and seed (r2=98.1) yield depends on the morphological features of the examined cultivars, such as the number of flower heads, percentage of morphological seed types and climatic factors (mean temperature and total precipitation during the growing season). The results clearly indicate that seed and oil yield was highest in cultivars with the highest percentage of winged and hooked seeds and the highest number of flower heads.

Harvest date and crop level influence sensory and chemical profiles of Ontario Vidal blanc and Riesling icewines

There is likelihood that periods of freezing and thawing endured by icewine grapes change their chemical and sensory profiles. The experimental objective was to determine the influence of harvest date and crop level on icewine sensory profiles and their relationships with chemical variables. Riesling and Vidal blanc (hereinafter “Vidal”) icewines were made from four harvest dates in 2004–2005; Harvest 1 (H1): 19 December; H2: 29 December; H3: 18 January; H4: 11 February (Vidal only). Riesling and Vidal icewines were additionally made from three crop level treatments [control (fully cropped), fruit set cluster thinning (i.e. partial fruit removal) to one (basal) cluster per shoot, veraison cluster thinning] and were evaluated over two seasons (2003–2004; 2004–2005). Triangle tests showed differences between harvest date and crop level treatments (both cultivars). Ten and 11 aroma/flavor attributes differed for Vidal and Riesling harvest date icewines, respectively, based upon descriptive analysis by 14 trained tasters. For Vidal, later harvest dates had higher aroma/flavor intensities than H1. Riesling H1 wines had highest fresh fruit descriptor intensities whereas H3 wines were highest for dried fruit and nutty descriptors. Partial least squares regression (PLS) found Vidal icewines described by dried fruit/raisin and honey flavors and viscosity; these attributes were correlated to several aroma compounds and associated with later harvest dates. Sensory differences existed between crop level treatments; thinned treatments had higher fruity, honey, sherry and nut aroma/flavor intensities (both cultivars). PLS showed that sherry flavor was the most important explanatory variable in 2003, and correlated 4-vinylguaiacol and banana flavor in 2004. Overall, harvest date and crop level both affected sensory profiles and chemical composition of Niagara Peninsula icewines.

Influence of harvest date and material quality on polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity of Cymbopogon citratus infusion

Cymbopogon citratus (Cc) leaves are a product of high economic value because of its use in perfumery, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and agriculture industries. Polyphenols are most frequently present in combined form, and their structure and contents are often dependent of several factors like: plant varieties, culture conditions, maturation and processing. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of the harvesting date and the quality of the plant material on the phenolic composition and the antioxidant activity of Cc leaves.The plant material was classified accordingly to its harvest month for the same year: April–September and also accordingly to its quality (leaves aging state): high, medium and low. A lipid-free infusion was prepared. Total hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids and tannins were evaluated by spectrophotometric methods and polyphenolic profile was attained by HPLC-DAD. Antioxidant capacity was assessed using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays.Regarding the harvest date influence, total phenols were fairly constant from April to August, with a little decrease in September. Higher concentration of hydroxycinnamic acids was found in April and June, but much lower on the following months. With exception of August, almost the same percentage of flavonoids was registered for all months. On the other hand, we found that the best months for tannins biosynthesis were June, July and August. The samples collected in April and June were the most effective against all the oxidant species tested, suggesting a correlation between this parameter and amount of hydroxycinnamic acids.In what concerns the contents of each polyphenol, evaluated by HPLC-DAD, some significant differences were observed for the hydroxycinnamic acids, which seem to be more influenced by the conditions studied (harvest month and material quality).In conclusion, for C. citratus leaves, both harvest date and plant quality are key criteria that have to be taken into account when selecting the material for human consuming, in order to receive benefits that have been associated with phenolic compounds, namely to those who are present in this plant.