Influence Of Global Change Research Articles

Information and analytical aspects of financial investment management of a medical organization

For Russian companies, solving problems related to the management of financial assets and instruments has become much more complicated under the influence of global changes over the past few years related to external negative political and financial and economic processes. The increase in the scale of activities of commercial medical organizations in recent years, one of the main reasons for which are the negative effects of the recent pandemic on public health, is accompanied by an increase in the volume of services provided, income and income of additional funds that need to be invested in various assets, one of which is financial investments. Restrictions on access to Western financial trading platforms to achieve the necessary efficiency of the organization’s financial portfolio, difficulties in the operation of the system of external financial settlements and payment obligations, and many other risky events led to the need to search for alternative transactions with financial resources of companies, new directions and forms of investments of available funds. The issues discussed in the article are devoted to the creation of an optimal policy for managing investments in financial assets of an organization, which should be based on high-quality information, analytical and methodological support.

Regulatory effects of non-growing season precipitation on the community structure, biomass allocation, and water-carbon utilization in a temperate desert steppe

Under the influence of global change, precipitation amounts and extreme precipitation frequency during non-growing seasons in mid-high latitude grasslands have been increasing. However, the ecological effects of non-growing season precipitation in the desert steppe have long been overlooked due to an insufficient understanding of the correlative mechanisms linking non-growing season precipitation to plant growth. Therefore, a 3-year non-growing season precipitation manipulation experiment was conducted to reveal the response of desert steppe plants to non-growing season precipitation changes. Our study indicates that, by influencing water budget and availability, non-growing season precipitation directly or indirectly impacted community structure, plant biomass allocation, and water-carbon utilization intensity. Adaptive strategies of communities and plants included: ① Dominant species enhanced their dominance in the community to adapt to non-growing season precipitation changes. ② Stipa krylovii exhibited different biomass allocation strategies in response to non-growing season precipitation variations. Plants in the precipitation shading plots tended to allocate biomass to the roots, while those in the precipitation increase plots favored aboveground development. ③ Persistent drought during the growing season intensified early insufficient development of plants in the precipitation shading plots. Upon entering the wet period, plants in the precipitation shading plots shifted into a compensatory growth mode with high water-carbon activity intensity, while those in the precipitation increase plots entered a moderate growth mode with relatively low water-carbon activity intensity. Additionally, our study found that the regulatory effects of non-growing season precipitation were more pronounced in the growing seasons with less precipitation in the early to middle stage. Moreover, increased non-growing season precipitation enhanced plant water use efficiency (WUE) and strengthened their resilience to drought conditions. Our study suggests that the ecological role of non-growing season precipitation may be further highlighted in the future climate change pattern. Given the worldwide increase in frequency of extreme precipitation events, particular vigilance should be paid to the underlying long-term adverse effects of severe droughts during the non-growing season. Our findings provide new insights and valuable experimental observational evidence for the climate change impact assessment and response in xerophytic grassland ecosystems.

Nitrogen addition regulates the effects of variation in precipitation patterns on plant biomass formation and allocation in a Leymus chinensis grassland of northeast China.

Global warming is predicted to change precipitation amount and reduce precipitation frequency, which may alter grassland primary productivity and biomass allocation, especially when interact with other global change factors, such as nitrogen deposition. The interactive effects of changes in precipitation amount and nitrogen addition on productivity and biomass allocation are extensively studied; however, how these effects may be regulated by the predicted reduction in precipitation frequency remain largely unknown. Using a mesocosm experiment, we investigated responses of primary productivity and biomass allocation to the manipulated changes in precipitation amount (PA: 150mm, 300mm, 450mm), precipitation frequency (PF: medium and low), and nitrogen addition (NA: 0 and 10 g N m-2 yr-1) in a Leymus chinensis grassland. We detected significant effects of the PA, PF and NA treatments on both aboveground biomass (AGB) and belowground biomass (BGB); but the interactive effects were only significant between the PA and NA on AGB. Both AGB and BGB increased with an increment in precipitation amount and nitrogen addition; the reduction in PF decreased AGB, but increased BGB. The reduced PF treatment induced an enhancement in the variation of soil moisture, which subsequently affected photosynthesis and biomass formation. Overall, there were mismatches in the above- and belowground biomass responses to changes in precipitation regime. Our results suggest the predicted changes in precipitation regime, including precipitation amount and frequency, is likely to alter primary productivity and biomass allocation, especially when interact with nitrogen deposition. Therefore, predicting the influence of global changes on grassland structure and functions requires the consideration of interactions among multiple global change factors.

Guiding and constraining reclamation for coastal zone through identification of response thresholds for ecosystem services supply–demand relationships

AbstractEnhancing the understanding and management of ecosystem services (ESs) supply and demand under the influence of global change is crucial for sustaining human well‐being and promoting sustainable development. However, the comprehension of changes in ecosystem service dynamics in the face of complex human disturbances remains limited. This study focuses on four representative ESs in the northern Liaodong Bay, a typical global estuary wetland, to elucidate alterations in the supply and demand of these ESs and comprehend the impact mechanisms arising from reclamation activities. The findings reveal the following key insights: between 1993 and 2020, the supply and demand for water yield disparity became increasingly pronounced, while the equilibrium between supply and demand for carbon storage shifted from surplus to balance. In contrast, the excess supply–demand of food supply and landscape esthetics remained relatively consistent. This study delves deeper into the non‐linear relationship between reclamation activities and ESs supply–demand relationships, with each ecosystem service exhibiting distinct patterns. As reclamation intensity rises, the supply–demand ratio of ESs exhibits varying trends: food supply and carbon storage demonstrate an inverted U‐shaped relationship, water yield follows a U‐shaped pattern, and landscape esthetics progressively decline. By identifying reclamation thresholds, different management strategies should be applied to areas exceeding and falling below these thresholds, with constraints and guidance being necessary for the former and the latter, respectively. These findings advance our understanding of ESs dynamics in the context of human‐driven changes and provide practical implications for sustainable ecosystem management in coastal areas.

ТАБИҒИ ОРТАНЫҢ ҒАЛАМДЫҚ ӨЗГЕРІСТЕРІ ЖАҒДАЙЫНДАҒЫ ФИЗИКАЛЫҚ-ГЕОГРАФИЯЛЫҚ ЗЕРТТЕУЛЕРДІҢ МАҢЫЗДЫЛЫҒЫ

The article reviews complex field studies, which are fundamental research methods in the physical-geographical direction of «Sciences of the Earth and the Environment». Component-by-component field study and description of natural-territorial complexes using the “Key Areas” method along the route, compiling a landscape profile, spatio-temporal analytics on digital platforms Ventusky and EOS, creating a database – are presented based on the results of a comprehensive long study by the authors of the geosystems of the Sharyn River basin located in Almaty areas. Methodological principles and approaches are analyzed in the field period of research and in the period of cameral processing. These questions are a practical confirmation of general theoretical knowledge about the structural organization, development, functional dynamics and variability of natural-territorial complexes. Physical and geographical studies acquire great scientific and practical relevance in the context of the influence of global changes in the natural environment at the regional level. The modern applied value of field studies of natural-territorial complexes, including hard-to-reach geosystems, is analyzed, the effectiveness of which is to study the structure, dynamics and variability in time and space, using the possibilities of digital technologies, ensuring the reliability of the results.

PENGARUH KEBIJAKAN PERUBAHAN KURIKULUM TERHADAP PEMBELAJARAN DI SEKOLAH

The internal curriculum is a very important aspect for the success and progress of education. Curriculum changes are based on the awareness that developments and changes that occur in social, national and state life in Indonesia cannot be separated from the influence of global changes, developments in science and technology as well as arts and culture. Apart from that, the educational curriculum reform that has been carried out. Judging from the 1975, 1984, 1994, 2004 (KBK), 2006 (KTSP), and 2013 curricula, it has not had a positive impact on the development of quality in the world of education, so that up to now the quality of our education still low. The role of curriculum developers is very important for the world of education to achieve better learning processes and outcomes. This article wants to describe in more detail what curriculum policies are, curriculum changes, problems with curriculum changes, the impact of curriculum changes on learning in schools.

Gadiform species display dietary shifts in the Celtic Sea

Global changes, through their impacts on ecosystem trophic structures, are behind regime shifts and cascading effects, and could result in the reorganization of whole ecosystems. The Celtic Sea is a temperate sea at risk of the above because of the interplay between climate change and fisheries. This sea has only displayed slight changes in species diversity between the late 20th century and the present day. However, this apparent stability in species diversity could be hiding structural transformations, including the rearrangement of trophic relationships. Historical stomach content database offers the opportunity to investigate changes in ecosystem trophic structure. Based on such database, this study explored shifts in the feeding habits of gadiform species in the Celtic Sea in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2010s. To this end, it examined dietary generalism and composition for four top predator fish species. During the target period, generalists maintained their diets, while specialists adopted more generalist diets. There were also decreases in frequencies of occurrence of certain fishes within the diets of gadiform species. These recent changes in trophic structure organization have likely been caused by the influence of global changes on both top-down and bottom-up processes that occurred in the Celtic Sea.

Effects of warming and nitrogen addition on soil fungal and bacterial community structures in a temperate meadow.

Soil microbial communities have been influenced by global changes, which might negatively regulate aboveground communities and affect nutrient resource cycling. However, the influence of warming and nitrogen (N) addition and their combined effects on soil microbial community composition and structure are still not well understood. To explore the effect of warming and N addition on the composition and structure of soil microbial communities, a five-year field experiment was conducted in a temperate meadow. We examined the responses of soil fungal and bacterial community compositions and structures to warming and N addition using ITS gene and 16S rRNA gene MiSeq sequencing methods, respectively. Warming and N addition not only increased the diversity of soil fungal species but also affected the soil fungal community structure. Warming and N addition caused significant declines in soil bacterial richness but had few impacts on bacterial community structure. The changes in plant species richness affected the soil fungal community structure, while the changes in plant cover also affected the bacterial community structure. The response of the soil bacterial community structure to warming and N addition was lower than that of the fungal community structure. Our results highlight that the influence of global changes on soil fungal and bacterial community structures might be different, and which also might be determined, to some extent, by plant community, soil physicochemical properties, and climate characteristics at the regional scale.

DIRECTIONS OF THE RECOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY IN THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBAL CHALLENGES

The article examines the theoretical and methodological aspects of the formation of directions for the recovery and development of the national economy under the influence of global challenges, which are often destructive. It was found that global crisis phenomena require the definition and implementation of optimal measures for the purpose of restoration, stabilization, gradual growth and systematic development of socio-economic processes of the national economy. It is substantiated that the study of the degree of influence of global changes on the national economy opens the prospects of effective strategic planning with the identification of priorities for gradual development. The process of determining the priority vectors of the national economy is necessarily reflected in all spheres and industries, defining strategic directions that will ensure the post-war recovery of the national economy, takinginto account potential opportunities. The strategic directions of the restoration of the national economy of Ukraine with further vectorial direction towards development are presented, which are provided by step-by-step solutions to complex tactical and operational tasks, which have the ability to adjust to the influence of the factor environment, which can differ in a certain degree of unpredictability. It is substantiated that the strategy of state regulation of the recovery and development of the national economy of Ukraine is considered the basic principle of ensuring the implementation of conceptual approaches, taking into account modern world trends. In addition, a certain imbalance of the socio-economic infrastructure is possible thanks to the implementation of strategic plans and the implementation of effective operational solutions by the relevant state institutions.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ВЫСОКОТЕХНОЛОГИЧНЫХ ЗОН ПРОИЗВОДСТВА СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОЙ ПРОДУКЦИИ – ОСНОВА УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ОТРАСЛИ

Sustainable development of the country's agriculture, region and enterprise depends on constant innovative renewal, which ensures the improvement of product quality, the achievement of maximum labor productivity and, ultimately, the increase in the competitiveness of products. The basis of this process is the scientific and technical development of the crop industry, including seed production, the introduction of new innovative production technologies. The scientific and technical development of the crop industry in Russia is carried out under the influence of global changes that affect not only our country, but also the countries of the world, which leads to significant changes in the structure of the economy and the life of the population. Technological improvement can serve as the basis for the development of domestic agriculture. The main directions in crop production will be the use of more advanced sowing technologies, increasing fertility and preventing depleted soils by reducing the chemical load, improving the soil, automating most plant cultivation processes, precision farming. The use of all highly efficient technologies is especially important in zones of agricultural production with a high level of specialization, where products are produced not only for the purpose of self-sufficiency, but also for export to other regions.

Optimization of Characteristic Phenological Periods for Winter Wheat Extraction Using Remote Sensing in Plateau Valley Agricultural Areas in Hualong, China

It is important to develop or validate remote sensing methods to explore agricultural management and food self-sufficiency in the agricultural areas of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau under the influence of global change, ecological protection, and socio-economic development. Studies on the use of remote sensing to monitor crop planting on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are limited, with inconclusive results. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed Sentinel-2A/B images and field survey data in Hualong, China (located in Hehuang Valley, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau) for winter wheat identification and verification at different spatial scales based on the time series of the normalized difference phenology index (NDPI) and dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm. The characteristic phenological period and the corresponding DTW threshold were optimized using remote sensing data extracted for winter wheat. The results showed that NDPI corresponding to the jointing-heading stage, grouting-harvesting stage, and jointing-harvesting stage with DTW could identify winter wheat regardless of whether the spatial scale was a single quadrat, a combination of two quadrats, or the entire study area. The NDPI corresponding to the jointing-heading stage (corresponding DTW threshold T = 0.158) could generate a relatively rational winter wheat map; the NDPI corresponding to the time series of the grouting-harvesting stage (combined with DTW threshold T = 0.195) could detect a planting area with relatively high accuracy when supported by cultivated land, which matches the statistical reporting of the winter wheat area data. Similarly, with the support of cultivated land data, the planted area could be identified early based on the phenological characteristics of winter wheat before overwintering; however, the extraction scheme needs to be optimized further.

Механизмы адаптации экономики Юга России к геополитическим рискам

Currently, the regional issue is becoming increasingly important, modern world trends led to the appearance of regions as full-fledged subjects of interregional and international relations. In order to preserve their stability, it is necessary to manage effectively the development of regions, what is associated with an increased risk of negative consequences taken under the influence of global changes. Thus, the study of regional processes, the identification of factors that have a destructive impact on the situation in the regions, on the effectiveness of regional development management becomes particularly relevant. The article examines the current geopolitical situation of the Russian regions, examines the current risks and directions of fighting and preventing risks and threats. The purpose of the study is to analyze the current threats in the South of Russia and the directions of their limitation, as well as to search for mechanisms to prevent and reflect negative factors. Different interrelations with the political science research are explored, showing the complexity and multidimensional nature of many problems and risk factors, as well as their significance for the current economic and political situation in the country. The methodological basis of the study was a systematic approach, which made it possible to present the object of research in its unity and integrity as an integral part of the world political system. A systematic approach aimed at the holistic perception of integrated objects contributed to the determination of causeand-effect relationships in the analysis of the direction and content of geopolitical processes developing in the southern regions of Russia. A number of preventive measures were suggested to fight and prevent risks and threats in the field of countering terrorism and armed formations on the territory of Southern Russia. A systematic situational analysis of social, political and ethnopolitical changes based on predictive methods is demanded both in scientific-theoretical and practicalapplied aspects for forecasting and threats prevention of undermining and improvement of the effectiveness of political and managerial practices, taking into account regional specifics.

Management of Forest Pests and Diseases

The occurrence patterns of forest insect pests and diseases have been altered by global events such as climate change. Recent developments in improved monitoring methods and tools for data analyses provide new opportunities to understand the causes and consequences of such changes. Using a variety of management tools, forest pest management programs can mitigate the influence of global changes on forest health. The goal of this Special Issue is to improve our understanding of the root causes of changes that have induced global changes. Fifteen papers are included in this Special Issue, covering several issues in forest pest management. One paper reviews the causes of Korean oak wilt, and another paper discusses fourteen invasive tree pests in Russia. The remaining thirteen papers cover issues related to the monitoring and management of forest pests. These studies provide a better understanding of the causes of change in the patterns of forest pests under the influence of global changes. These reviews also contribute to the development of forest-pest-management strategies to mitigate such impacts on forests due to global changes.

Invited perspectives: Views of 350 natural hazard community members on key challenges in natural hazards research and the Sustainable Development Goals

Abstract. In this paper, we present the results of an NHESS (Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences) 20th anniversary survey, in which 350 natural hazard community members responded to two questions: (Q1) “what are the top three scientific challenges you believe are currently facing our understanding of natural hazards” and (Q2) “what three broad step changes should or could be done by the natural hazard community to address natural hazards in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals”? We have analysed the data quantitatively and qualitatively. According to the 350 respondents, the most significant challenges (Q1) are the following (within brackets % of 350 respondents who identified a given theme): (i) shortcomings in the knowledge of risk and risk components (64 %), (ii) deficiencies of hazard and risk reduction approaches (37 %), (iii) influence of global change, especially climate change (35 %), (iv) integration of social factors (18%), (v) inadequate translation of science to policy and practice (17 %), and (vi) lack of interdisciplinary approaches (6 %). In order for the natural hazard community to support the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (Q2), respondents called for (i) enhanced stakeholder engagement, communication and knowledge transfer (39 %), (ii) increased management and reduction of disaster risks (34 %), (iii) enhanced interdisciplinary research and its translation to policy and practice (29 %), (iv) a better understanding of natural hazards (23 %), (v) better data, enhanced access to data and data sharing (9 %), and (vi) increased attention to developing countries (6 %). We note that while the most common knowledge gaps are felt to be around components of knowledge about risk drivers, the step changes that the community felt were necessary related more to issues of wider stakeholder engagement, increased risk management and interdisciplinary working.

Impact of tourism activities on the distribution and pollution of soil heavy metals in natural scenic spots on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain

Human activities can significantly impact the natural ecosystem. As an important part of terrestrial ecosystems, soil participates in energy and material cycle. With the continuous intensification of human activities, soil undergoes increasingly serious disturbance. Under the influence of global change and human activities, the variability of heavy metals in soil is worthy of further discussion. Taking Lujiaowan and Juhuatai Scenic Spot on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain as the research area, this study investigated the concentrations of Pb, As, Zn, Cu and Mn in the soil and analyzed their distribution and pollution levels. Meanwhile, the main sources of soil heavy metals were explored using autocorrelation analysis and principal component analysis. Results showed that the order of the average concentration of heavy metals in the study area was as follows: Mn> Zn> Cu> Pb> As. None of them exceeded the national soil environmental quality level II standard, and the average concentrations of Zn, Cu, and As exceeded the background value of Xinjiang soil, reaching a light pollution level. In addition, the distribution of heavy metals in soil displayed a regular trend, and a positive correlation was found between disturbance intensity and heavy metal concentration. The geoaccumulation index also showed that the five heavy metals in the study area had lower pollution degree compared with the background value in Xinjiang. The order of potential ecological risk was As > Cu > Pb > Zn > Mn.

Transitioning global change experiments on Southern Ocean phytoplankton from lab to field settings: Insights and challenges

AbstractThe influence of global change on Southern Ocean productivity will have major ramifications for future management of polar life. A prior laboratory study investigated the response of a batch‐cultured subantarctic diatom to projected change simulating conditions for 2100 (increased temperature/CO2/irradiance/iron; decreased macronutrients), showed a twofold higher chlorophyll‐derived growth rate driven mainly by temperature and iron. We translated this design to the field to understand the phytoplankton community response, within a subantarctic foodweb, to 2100 conditions. A 7‐d shipboard study utilizing 250‐liter mesocosms was conducted in March 2016. The outcome mirrors lab‐culture experiments, yielding twofold higher chlorophyll in the 2100 treatment relative to the control. This trend was also evident for intrinsic metrics including nutrient depletion. Unlike the lab‐culture study, photosynthetic competence revealed a transient effect in the 2100 mesocosm, peaking on day 3 then declining. Metaproteomics revealed significant differences in protein profiles between treatments by day 7. The control proteome was enriched for photosynthetic processes (c.f. 2100) and exhibited iron‐limitation signatures; the 2100 proteome exposed a shift in cellular energy production. Our findings of enhanced phytoplankton growth are comparable to model simulations, but underlying mechanisms (temperature, iron, and/or light) differ between experiments and models. Batch‐culture approaches hinder cross‐comparison of mesocosm findings to model simulations (the latter are akin to “continuous‐culture chemostats”). However, chemostat techniques are problematic to use with mesocosms, as mesozooplankton will evade seawater flow‐through, thereby accumulating. Thus, laboratory, field, and modeling approaches reveal challenges to be addressed to better understand how global change will alter Southern Ocean productivity.

Post-Socialist city in the mirror of global governance transformation

In the last thirty years, questions about the future of urban development have been discussed in the world. Global agents and organizations (the World Bank, the UN) set the vectors of planning policy and set goals for the development of cities around the world. The role of the state in the management of urban development is changing. There is a transition from state regulation to "management", which includes new subjects in the management process: investors, businesses, citizens. The transformation of management models is explained by economic globalization, the emergence of a global economic sector. Cities are starting to compete with each other and focus on attracting investment. Governments of different countries are looking for suitable ways to manage cities. In this context, post-socialist cities that are facing the consequences of the transition from socialism to the market are of particular interest. The object of this research is the transformation in the management of a post-socialist city in the context of global changes. The subject is the ways of conceptualizing transformation in the management of a post–socialist city. Tasks include: 1) identification of the main approaches to the analysis of transformations in the management of a post-socialist city under the influence of global changes; 2) description of the conceptual discussion around the concept of "post-socialist city" and the theoretical possibilities of its application; 3) discussion of these approaches in relation to the study of post-Soviet cities. The article presents an overview of theoretical and methodological concepts describing global transformations in city management. The scientific novelty consists in the expansion of the categorical apparatus for describing and conceptualizing the transformation in the management of post-socialist cities in the context of globalization, the ways for describing the transformation in the management of post-Soviet cities are outlined.

Response of Temperature-Related Rice Disaster to Different Warming Levels Under an RCP8.5 Emission Scenario in a Major Rice Production Region of China

Rice is the basic food for about 50% of the global population, and feeds two-thirds of the Chinese population. Under the influence of global change, extreme weather, and climate events increase in frequency, duration, and intensity, which affect food production substantially. In the medium-to-long term in the future, the impacts of climate change on food availability are likely to grow. In this work, we first define the rice damage indices and then use surface observation and regional climate downscaling results from the variable resolution model LMDZ4 driven by the six Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) global climate models (GCMs) to describe the temporal-spatial characteristics and the future changes of the temperature-related rice damages in Northeast China and Central and East China, the major commercial rice production regions in China. Compared with the observation, LMDZ4 demonstrates its ability to reproduce the regional characteristics of both heat and chilling rice damages. Based on the future regional projections under the RCP8.5 pathway, future changes of rice damage under four temperature-rising categories of 1.5, 2, 3, and 4°C are estimated. In the two rice production regions, the future extent of heat-related damage for Northeast China is mostly limited to the western area, and the occurrence of heat damage generally increases with global warming levels, particularly when it is higher than 2°C. For Central and East China, the heat-related rice damage increases in both coverage and intensity. The region is also likely to have a faster increasing rate of heat damage than in Northeast China. When global warming reaches 3 and 4°C, the median heat-related damage spreads over almost the whole region of Central and East China. Moreover, the probability of regional-scale heavy level heat damage would be over 50% by the end of twenty-first century. On the other hand, the disastrous impact of a cold event affecting rice yield is reduced in both coverage and duration although the model projections over Northeast China show larger intermodel variability and uncertainty.

SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES TO GLOBAL TURBULENCE: FEATURES OF ORIGIN, CURRENT STATE, AND IMPACT PERSPECTIVES

Any crisis is always followed by development and vice versa; after a crisis comes development. For socio-economic systems, these components are inherent. Due to the properties' importance, the duration, scale, and power affecting the socio-economic systems can change. Today the sustainable development of regions must be studied under the influence of global changes, which are uncontrollable. It is under such conditions that today regional socio-economic systems are in conditions of global turbulence. Therefore, the study of scientific approaches to the peculiarities of the occurrence, the current state of development, and the prospects of the impact of global turbulence on the economy is quite relevant and important that is the aim of the study. Based on the above, it is possible to formulate the task of the research, which consists of researching the scientific approaches to the peculiarities of the occurrence, the current state of development, and the prospects of the global turbulence impact on the economy. Using epistemological approach to the concept of "turbulence", it was established that this concept was widely used: in natural sciences as quantum, chemical, optical, wave, Lagrangian turbulence, and plasma turbulence; in medicine as the turbulence of the heart rhythm, turbulence in the circulatory system; in social life as turbulent world, turbulent society; in the economy as the turbulence of the global economy, market turbulence. The dynamic characteristics of the level of the shadow economy in Ukraine demonstrate the consequences of the influence of systemic factors, the corona crisis, and military escalation. Ukraine's economy's definition depends on the implemented reforms' effectiveness and public recognition. The only way to a destination is the formation of a favorable environment for financial and economic activity in the legal sphere due to the improvement of the conditions of doing business and carrying out investment activities, in general, the creation of conditions in which the shadow economy will be uninteresting, unprofitable and ineffective for its subjects. The priority vector for economic activity in Ukraine is the legalization of business and labor relations, the increase of non-cash payments, and the increase in the level of the payment infrastructure use due to the reduction in prices. Keywords: global turbulence, socio-economic systems, crisis.

Transformation of economic interests in the context of the multipolar world order formation

The national interests of countries directly depend on the world order established at a certain time, which constantly transforms, exerting key influence on international economic relations. Understanding the changes of the world order of economic systems allows to understand the transformation of the national interests of countries. All countries can be conventionally divided into attractor countries and satellite countries, which form their national economic interests in accordance with the interests of attractor countries. At the same time, satellite countries can eventually become attractors, and vice versa. The goal of the article is to study the existing world order and its transformation from unipolar to multipolar. To achieve this goal, the authors have explored a change in the concept of national economic interests depending on the influence of global changes in the economy and on the transformation of national economic interests in a particular world order; they have also analyzed the historical change in the world order and determined its current format and assessed the current export-import operations of the leading European countries. It is assumed that the national economic interests of countries have changed as a result of the transition from a unipolar world order to a multipolar world order, including the national economic interests of European countries. As such, the national economic interests of countries should be transformed with due consideration of situational combinations of attractor countries. To test this hypothesis, the authors have analyzed publicly available documents, including statistical data on export-import operations of the key European countries, Russia, China, and the USA. In general, it has been proved that a multipolar world order has formed at the present stage of international economic relations; decision-making at the international level and ensuring national economic interests depend on the situational cooperation of the attractor countries, while some satellite countries are gradually transforming into attractor countries.