Influence Of Glass Fibers Research Articles

The Influence of Glass Fiber and Copper Wire z-Binder on the Mechanical Properties of 3D Woven Polymeric Composites

AbstractThree-dimensional composites (3D) have potential applications in various fields due to their enhanced properties compared to conventional two-dimensional composites (2D). This study investigates the effect of different volumes of z-binder made from copper wire and E-glass fiber on the mechanical properties of 3D woven polymeric composites. The tensile, flexural, and fracture toughness behavior of four types of 3D orthogonal woven composites were studied in addition to a comparative 2D composite. The creation of the 3D orthogonal single-ply fabrics involved weaving z-binders using two different copper wire diameters, single fiber bundles, and double fiber bundles, each combined with four layers of woven E-glass fiber. The consolidation process for both 2D fabric and single-fabric 3D woven composites was executed using the hand lay-up technique. The results showed that most 3D woven composites outperformed 2D composites in terms of fracture toughness (stress intensity factor KIC and energy release rate GIC) and flexural strain. However, a decrease in flexural strength and tensile properties was observed for all 3D composites. The specimen with a small copper diameter had the smallest decrease of 5% in tensile strength. Furthermore, a decrease of 9% and 21% was attained by reinforcing with double and single glass fiber bundle z-binders, respectively, as compared with 2D composites. The highest enhancement of 92.5% in flexural failure strain was attained with double glass fiber bundles of z-binder. The maximum improvement in KIC fracture toughness, reaching 126% and 101.5%, was observed in specimens with a single glass fiber bundle z-binder and those with a large copper wire diameter, respectively.

Influence of glass fiber on mechanical properties of UV-cured lining materials

Glass fiber is an important component of resin composites and greatly affects the properties of materials. UV-cured pipe rehabilitation lining materials prepared by hand lay-up process using glass fibers with different areal densities and weaving types were studied in this paper. Their thermal stability and mechanical properties, such as flexural strength, flexural modulus, and tensile strength, were studied. The results show that the glass fiber-reinforced UV-cured lining material has good thermal stability at 300°C. With the glass fiber areal density increase, the lining material’s flexural strength, and modulus increase. Compared with the plaid stitch-bonded felt and the plaid lapped felt, the higher degree of bonding between warp-knitted stitch-bonded felt and resin can significantly improve the flexural strength and tensile strength of the lining material.

The role of glass fiber morphology on the friction behavior and wear mechanism of low steel-NAO hybrid railway brake shoes

The influence of glass fibers’ length and morphology on the friction performance and wear mechanism of railway brake shoes was studied. The friction characterization was done on a full-scale railway dynamometer and the microstructural analysis was performed by optical and SEM microscopy. It was observed that glass fibers lead to higher friction coefficients and lower wear rates. These effects were linked to different wear mechanisms. Steel fibers are more prone to being pulled out from the composite, while glass fibers show a brittle mode of failure that prevents them from being removed from the friction surface and allows them to keep on acting as primary plateaus. This helps to keep a third body layer stable while reducing wear.

Influence of glass fiber and cement kiln dust on physicochemical and geomechanical properties of fine-grained soil

Influence of glass fiber and cement kiln dust on physicochemical and geomechanical properties of fine-grained soil

The Influence of Glass Fiber and Milled Glass Fiber on the Performance of Iraqi Oil Well Cement

The reinforced fiberglass in cement slurry reflects the effect on its properties compared to usual additives. Fiberglass is typically used in cement slurry design for one or another of the following goals: (Earth earthquake, bearing storage, and with differential stresses, to enhance cement durability and increase its compressive strength). The main goal is to use glass fiber and ground fiberglass to improve the tensile strength and moderate compressive strength significantly. On the other hand, the use of glass fibers led to a slight increase in the value of thickening time, which is a desirable effect. Eleven glass fiber samples and milled glass fiber were used to show these materials' effect on Iraqi cement with (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, and 2) % of cement weight. Those tests used to study cement slurry‟s following properties were compressive strength, thickening time, rheology properties of free water, filtering, and density. These evaluations showed that slurries with less than 1% fiber content gave a higher compressive strength than a sample containing more than 1% glass fiber. However, the slurry mixed with equal or less than 1% milled glass fiber is higher compressive than the sample mixed with more than 1% milled glass fiber. So the optimal concentration for glass fiber is less than 1% by weight of cement (BWOC); either for milled glass fiber, it is less or equal to 1% BWOC. Both materials contributed to increasing the compressive strength of the cement. However, attention must be paid to the idealThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
 concentration that should be added during the cement slurry preparation because if we use these two materials carelessly for the ideal concentration, this leads to the collapse and bombardment of the resistance of the cement rock. In other words, the collapse of cement resistance and causing problems during the cementing process.

Influence of glass fibres in stone mastic asphalt

The study in this paper examines the effect of fibres on the stability of Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) mixture in flexible pavement. Two types of fibres namely Class-C Glass fibres(Glass – C), and Alkali Resistant Glass Fiber(ARGF) were used in this investigation. From the results, it was found that the addition of glass fibres showed the improvement in the properties of the stone mastic asphalt mix. The addition of fibres at 0.4% with 6% binder content results in increased stability values and low draindown values.

Evaluation of mechanical properties: Influence of glass fiber on banana fiber reinforced with epoxy composite

Fiber reinforced polymer composites are superior strength, easy to fabricate and, their production cost is low compares with neat polymer resins, so these are majorly used in a many variety of applications. Reinforcement used in polymer is either natural (or) synthetic. Synthetic fiber such as carbon, glass etc, are higher cost of production so their application is in limited fields. Even though they have high specific strength. Recently due to their many advantages of natural fiber-based composites, their applications are more in various fields. In this connection for making value added products, an investigation has been carried out to make better utilization of banana fiber. The present Project work objective is evaluation of mechanical properties of Glass fiber influence on Banana fiber reinforced with epoxy composite. The effect of using glass fiber on mechanical properties of tensile, flexural, impact strength of banana/glass composites are studied. For these five different samples of composites were prepared like B(Banana), B(Banana)/G(Glass)/B(Banana), G(Glass)/B(Banana)/G(Glass), CB(Chopped Banana)/G(Glass)/CB(Chopped Banana), G(Glass)/CB(Chopped Banana)/G(Glass). From the results is clear that tensile, flexural and impact strength properties of banana fiber is greatly influenced by glass fiber.

Influence of Glass Fiber and Calcium Carbonate on The Mechanical and Rheological Properties of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)

In this study; glass fiber (GF) and calcium carbonate CaCO3 (CC) are fillers used with high density polyethylene (grade EMN 6030). The fillers were mixed with polyethylene by 10-50% w/w to prepare some of polymeric composites mechanical properties such as tensile strength, hardness and Young’s modulus increased with the augmentation filler concentration. However; the elongation strength impact and fracture energy reduced with the augmentation fillers concentration. Moreover, rheological properties as melt index have been studied. The melt index values decreased with the fillers concentration.

Effect of Glass Fibres on the Mechanical Behaviour of Concrete with Recycled Concrete Aggregates (RCAs)

This paper presents an experimental study on the influence of glass fibres on the mechanical behaviour of concrete with recycled concrete aggregates (RCAs). In the test programme, four concrete mixtures with coarse RCAs and glass fibres are manufactured. The used fibres are the CEM-FIL Minibars™ with a fibre content of 5 kg/m3, 10 kg/m3 and 15 kg/m3, respectively. The investigated properties are the compressive strength, the splitting tensile strength, the modulus of elasticity as well as the flexural behaviour. The latter is determined by the three-point bending test on concrete beams according to the standard EN 14651: 2005+A1:2007 – Test methodfor metallic fibre concrete: Measuring the flexural tensile strength (limit of proportionality (LOP), residual). Based on the test observations, it seems that the used glass fibres are able to improve the mechanical behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC).

Influence of Glass Fibers on Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Recycled Coarse Aggregates

Despite plain cement concrete presenting inferior performance in tension and adverse environmental impacts, it is the most widely used construction material in the world. Consumption of fibers and recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) can add ductility and sustainability to concrete. In this research, two mix series (100%NCA, and 100%RCA) were prepared using four different dosages of GF (0%GF, 0.25%GF, 0.5%GF, and 0.75%GF by volume fraction). Mechanical properties namely compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength of each concrete mixture was evaluated at the age of 28 days. The results of testing indicated that the addition of GF was very useful in enhancing the split tensile and flexural strength of both RCA and NCA concrete. Compressive strength was not highly sensitive to the addition of GF. The loss in strength that occurred due to the incorporation of RCA was reduced to a large extent upon the inclusion of GF. GF caused significant improvements in the split tensile and flexural strength of RCA concrete. Optimum dosage of GF was determined to be 0.25% for NCA, and 0.5% for RCA concrete respectively, based on the results of combined mechanical performance (MP).

Influence of glass fibers and rubber particles on the viscoelastic behavior of polyamide 6,6 blended composites

Recently, in many industrial fields, there has been a drive to replace traditional metallic components with high strength polymer composites in the interest of reducing weight. Polyamide 6,6 (PA66) is a high strength thermoplastic and the behavior can be further enhanced by the addition of reinforcing fillers. Here, PA66 matrix has been reinforced with chopped glass fiber as well as hybrid composites containing both glass fiber and rubber particles. First, a baseline characterization of the mechanical properties is presented followed by a report on the thermal transitions, melting, crystallization, and glass transition, for the composite and pure materials. It is found that the filled samples show lower degree of crystallization and that the glass filled samples show lower crystallization and melting temperatures. Additionally, it was found that the glass reinforced samples led to a decrease in the glass transition temperature (Tg) while higher testing frequencies corresponded to an increase in Tg. Finally, it was demonstrated that the glass filled compounds were able to better retain their mechanical properties at high temperatures relative to the unreinforced materials. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:3960–3970, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers

Mechanical properties and fiber characteristics of glass fiber/carbon fiber reinforced polyethylene terephthalate hybrid composites fabricated by direct fiber feeding injection molding

Abstract Improving the applicability of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) by carbon fiber/glass fiber reinforcement is of great interest. Glass fiber (GF)/carbon fiber (CF)/PET hybrid composites were fabricated by direct fiber feeding injection molding (DFFIM) process. The aim of DFFIM is to obtain longer fibers in composites in order to improve their mechanical properties. In this study, the mechanical properties of GF/PET composites fabricated by conventional injection molding and hybrid GF/CF/PET composites fabricated by DFFIM process were investigated. The influence of GF and CF volume fractions on fiber distribution, fiber orientation, and fiber length is discussed. Fiber distribution status was quantitatively measured by the fiber distribution index. Fiber agglomeration problem was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that incorporating CF in GF/CF/PET hybrid composites by the DFFIM process greatly enhances mechanical performance even when only a small amount of CF is added. Too high GF content leads to less effective CF hybridization because it causes poor fiber distribution and poor fiber orientation and intensifies fiber attrition. The ideal volume fractions of GF and CF for fabricating GF/CF/PET hybrid composites by using DFFIM are provided.

Influence of Glass Fiber on Fresh and Hardened Properties of Self Compacting Concrete

The practical need of self-compacting concrete (SCC) is increasing due to increase in the infrastructure competence all over the world. The effective way of increasing the strength of concrete and enhance the behaviour under extreme loading (fire) is the keen interest. Glass fibers were added for five different of volume fractions (0%, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5% and 0.6%) to determine the optimum percentage of glass fiber without compensating the fresh properties and enhanced hardened properties of SCC concrete. The fresh state of concrete is characterized by slump flow, T-50cm slump flow, and V-funnel and L- box tests. The results obtained in fresh state are compared with the acceptance criteria of EFNARC specification. Concrete specimens were casted to evaluate the hardened properties such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity. Incorporation the glass fiber into SCC reduces the workability but within the standard specification. The hardened properties of SCC glass fiber reinforced concrete were enhanced, due to bridging the pre-existing micro cracks in concrete by glass fiber addition.

Investigation on the crystallization behavior and morphology of β-nucleated isotactic polypropylene/glass fiber composites

ABSTRACTThe isotactic polypropylene (iPP) with different uniformities of stereo-defect distribution was synthesized, and the β-nucleated iPP/glass fiber composites (TPPA-GF and TPPB-GF) were prepared. The influence of glass fiber on the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics, β-phase crystallization, and morphology behavior of the composites were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), and wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). The results revealed that for both TPPA-GF and TPPB-GF, as the amount of GF increases, the crystallization peak temperature and relative degree of crystallinity increase gradually, while crystallization peak width decreases gradually. Meanwhile, the half crystallization time t1/2 of both TPPA and TPPB decreases gradually, indicating that the addition of GF can accelerate the crystallization of both TPP-A and TPP-B. Moreover, the addition of glass fiber decreases the energy barriers ΔE and makes the composites to crystallize easier. The results of melting behavior study and WAXD indicate that high cooling rate leads to relatively low crystallization temperature and low thermal stability, resulting in higher β-phase content with relatively low thermal stability, while low cooling rate leads to high crystallization temperature and high thermal stability, which is more favorable for the formation of less amount of β-phase with high thermal stability. For both TPPA and TPPB, the higher the content of glass fiber, the lower the βc. The addition of glass fiber not only reduces the content of β-phase but also destroys its spherulite morphology. It was also observed that the glass fiber is more uniformly dispersed in TPPB compared with TPPA.

Properties of Normal Concrete, Self-compacting Concrete and Glass Fibre-reinforced Self-compacting Concrete: An Experimental Study

Hardened properties of normal concrete (NC) and self-compacting concrete (SCC) are compared. Also, the influence of glass fibres on fresh and hardened properties of SCC is investigated. Three concrete mixtures; normal concrete (NC), SCC and SCC with glass fibres were prepared with a water-cement ratio of 0.35. It was found that addition of glass fibres slightly reduced the workability properties of SCC. Compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of SCC were found to be slightly higher than NC. However, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity of SCC was found to be lower than NC. Addition of glass fibres in SCC had limited effect on compressive strength and modulus of elasticity but increased modulus of rupture and splitting tensile strength significantly.

The Influence of Glass Fibers as Dispersed Reinforcement on Hydric Properties of Concrete

In this paper, the effect of different kind of glass fiber on hydric properties of ultra-high performance concrete and normal strength concrete is determined. It was the use several types of micro fine high-dispersible alkali resistant fibers that prevent the formation of shrinkage cracks caused by tensions. Comparative measurements with both concrete without glass fibers are done as well. The main aim of this experimental work is to obtain sufficiently accurate input data for the estimate of durability surface layers of concrete which are connected with water transport and its accompanying effects such as biological degradation, water soluble salt transport or degradation by rainwater absorbing oxides of sulfur and carbon from air.

Performance and mechanism of laser transmission joining between glass fiber‐reinforced PA66 and PC

ABSTRACTOn account of the large compatibility difference between glass fiber‐reinforced Polyamide 66 (GFR‐PA66) and Polycarbonate (PC), it is difficult to weld them directly by laser. A new technology is introduced in this article by which the transparent PC is successfully welded with GFR‐PA66 using cold spraying in order to spray a 20 μm‐thick aluminum film on GFR‐PA66 as the absorbed layer. Tensile shear tests show the tensile strength of welded joints is highly enhanced. The influences of bubbles, glass fiber, and aluminum atoms on the performance of the joins are investigated via the optical microscope. X‐ray Photoelectron Spectrometer (XPS) is used to detect the chemical information of fracture sections on PC. In terms of the generation of bubbles, the influence of glass fiber, the distribution of aluminum atoms, and the formation of new chemical bonds, this article analyses the mechanism why the two different materials can be welded successfully. The micro‐anchor influence of glass giber in fiber‐reinforced polymers is important. The generation of new chemical bonding (Al–O–C) between aluminum and upper PC is the main reason why the joining strength is enhanced greatly. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43068.

Instrumentation of UL‐94 test: understanding of mechanisms involved in fire retardancy of polymers

A quantitative approach of phenomena occurring in UL‐94 test setting up selected instrumentation was developed in this work. The instrumentation permits to measure the weight of droplets, the weight loss of the sample as well as the temperature gradients during the fire test. Three flame retardant formulations of PA6 exhibiting different modes of action (melamine cyanurate, melamine pyrophosphate, and guanidine sulfamate/melamine polyphosphate) were compared with the neat matrix and the corresponding formulations reinforced with 20 wt% glass fibers. It was shown that depending on the mode of action of the flame retardant, the heat propagation, the volatilization and the release of drops are significantly different with or without glass fibers. The measured parameters include the endothermic effect of MCA, the volatilization of guanidine sulfamate/melamine polyphosphate, the formation of an intumescent barrier with melamine pyrophosphate and the measurement ex situ of the thermal diffusivity of the drops. From this approach, the behavior of the samples and the influence of glass fibers are understood. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Absorption Coefficient Measurement in Laser Transmission Welding of Thermoplastics

Abstract Laser transmission welding involves joining of transmitting and absorbing thermoplastic polymer components. Absorption is normally controlled by addition of small amounts of carbon black (CB). In thermal modelling of the process, the laser-light absorption coefficient is an important parameter that controls the rate and distribution of heat generation in the absorbing component. This paper introduces a novel experimental method to conveniently and accurately measure the absorption coefficient in the absorbing component. In this method, a laser beam scans rapidly over the surface of the CB-filled polymer. The laser power resulting in the onset of surface melting can be obtained and used to calculate the absorption coefficient based on an analytical model presented in this paper. To validate the proposed method, the experimental results were compared with those obtained by the spectrophotometer and the power-meter methods using unreinforced and glass-fiber reinforced nylon 6. The results indicate that there is a linear relationship between the absorption coefficient and carbon black level for these two polymers. The influence of glass fibers and laser scan speed on the measurement are also discussed.

Experimental Research on the Conductivity of a Fracture Influenced by Fiber

The conductivity of fracture is significant for fractured well production. In order to study the influence of glass fiber, which is used for preventing proppant flowback on conductivity of proppant, the conductivities of various proppants were tested by applying FCES-100 device, thus grasping the law of proppant conductivity change with fiber and fracturing fluid residues. The experimental results indicate that the law is similar for various proppants. The fiber is nearly no influence on proppant conductivity under lower pressure. However the influence of fiber becomes prominent when increasing pressure. The conductivity of proppant decreases about 30–40% caused by fiber when the pressure reaches 70 MPa. Fracturing fluid residues can reduce the conductivity of proppant more than 50% and combined with fiber the conductivity of proppant can be reduced more than 70%. So it is suggested that fiber should not be used for preventing proppant flowback in high closure pressure reservoir.