Influence Of Gamma Radiation Research Articles

The influence of gamma radiation on the structure and morphology of AgNWs/GO nanocomposites

In this study, AgNWs/GO nanocomposites were prepared by mechanically mixing graphene oxide (GO) synthesized using a modified Hummers' method and silver nanowires (AgNWs) synthesized using a modified polyol method. These nanocomposites were subjected to gamma radiation at three different doses (8, 25, and 50 kGy). Modification of materials by gamma radiation is a very important issue in materials science. The effects of gamma radiation on the structure of the nanocomposites were investigated through X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Changes in morphology depending on the radiation dose were examined using transmission electron microscope (TEM) images. Elemental analysis was performed before and after irradiation. For GO irradiated at a dose of 25 kGy, the strain and dislocation density values reached their highest levels (ε = 0.065 and σ = 3.33 × 1012 cm−2). Following gamma radiation exposure, the strain and dislocation density of AgNWs showed a non-linear decrease compared to the initial sample. The highest values for both strain and dislocation density were recorded at the 0 kGy dose (ε = 0.0064 and σ = 0.0036 × 1012cm−2). Elemental analysis (EDS) indicated that reduction processes occurred depending on the radiation dose, with the highest reduction observed in the sample irradiated at 25 kGy. Studies indicate that gamma radiation can modify the structural and physical properties of the AgNWs/GO nanocomposite.

Influence of gamma radiation on the composition and physicochemical characteristics of olefins: post-radiation effects

The effect of gamma radiation on olefins was studied under static conditions at an absorbed dose of 65 kGy and at a dose rate ofP= 0.076 Gy/s. The effect of radiation on the physicochemical characteristics and structural and group composition of the resulting olefins has been established. Post-irradiation effects were studied immediately after irradiation and during 1, 2, 4, and 7 months later. When fuels are irradiated, polymerization of unsaturated hydrocarbons occurs. After cessation of irradiation, the postpolymerization process occurs The chemical instability of olefins in fuels leads to the formation of carbon deposits in the engine system, tanks, and valves. IR spectra, iodine values, density, and kinematic viscosity of irradiated samples were measured.

Effect of gamma radiation on the crack pattern of a styrene-acrylic emulsion dry droplet

We present findings on the influence of gamma radiation on the crack pattern of dried drops of an aqueous styrene-acrylic emulsion. An increase in the dose of gamma radiation reduces the number of cracks and expands the edge of the dried droplet. Furthermore, gamma radiation induces a reduction in the branching of the crack pattern and an increase in the frequency of cracks, with a magnitude comparable to the width of the edge of the dried droplet. The results of the infrared analysis indicated that the micelles surrounding the styrene-acrylic copolymer in the emulsion exerted a protective effect, preventing indirect damage caused by radicals formed due to water radiolysis. The results of the zeta potential and particle size measurements demonstrated that gamma radiation caused an increase in the average size of the micelles, a widening of the size distribution, and a redistribution of surface charges. Doses above 100 kGy induce a loss of emulsion stability. The effects of gamma radiation on the crack patterns were interpreted by considering the dynamics of micelle deposition at the edge of the drop during drying and the appearance of mechanical instabilities in the deposit that lead to cracks. The larger micelles produced due to gamma radiation on the emulsion modify the microstructure formation at the edge of the dried drop, thereby alleviating the formation of mechanical stresses that result in the appearance of cracks.

A Raman Spectroscopic Study of the Influence of Gamma Radiation on the Molecular Structure of Tetrafluoroethylene Telomers and Fluorotelomer Coatings of Glass Fabric

A Raman Spectroscopic Study of the Influence of Gamma Radiation on the Molecular Structure of Tetrafluoroethylene Telomers and Fluorotelomer Coatings of Glass Fabric

Influence of gamma radiation on self-assembled molecular layers developed on different metals

In this work, self-assembled molecular layers (SAMs), developed from special amphiphilic molecules (undecenyl phosphonic acid) on the top of two types of stainless steels (1.4571 and 1.4841) were in focus. The metal surface was modified by a self-assembled molecular layer with a double bond at the end of the carbon chain. The modification of the structure of the unsaturated hydrophobic chain was done by gamma irradiation to produce a more compact layer. We were interested in the influence of the metal composition on the layer formation. To give answers to these questions SAM layers were deposited on the top of the stainless steels and then the nanolayers were modified by post-treatment (gamma irradiation). The thickness of the surface films was characterized by ellipsometry and the composition of the amphiphilic SAM layers by infrared spectroscopy. Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) visualized the morphological changes due to the layer deposition and the post-treatment; the surfaces were numerically characterized by roughness parameters; contact angle values proved the change in the wettability caused by the metal surface and the gamma irradiation.

Influence of gamma radiation and EMS on chlorophyll and macro-mutation in mungbean (Vigna radiata)

Present study was carried during rainy (kharif) season of 2021 (M1 generation), summer 2022 (M2 generation) and rainy (kharif) seasons of 2022 (M3 generation) at College of Agriculture, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, Rajasthan for creating genetic variability in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek]. The experiment was conducted with 26 treatments and 2 popular archaic varieties of mungbean (Ganga-1 and GM-4), solitary application of gamma radiation (200, 400 and 600 Gy), and ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) (0.1 and 0.2%) as well as their combinations. A wide spectrum of chlorophyll mutants (Chlorina, Xantha, Albina, Viridis and complex type) and morphological mutants (plant type, flower colour, pod type, leaf variation and maturity period) were identified at various crop growth stages. All mutagen treatments including solitary application of gamma radiation and EMS as well as their combinations were found effective for creating genetic variability. The lower concentration of EMS (0.1%) was found to be relatively more effective as compared to 0.2%. Similarly, the lower dose of gamma radiation (200 Gy) was also more effective than 400 and 600 Gy. Among all the treatment combinations, combined application of 200 Gy + 0.1% EMS was found most effective in generating chlorophyll and morphological mutants. Among two varieties of mungbean, Ganga-1 was found to be more sensitive to mutagens as compared to GM-4. Numerous mutants identified in the mutagenized population of both varieties exhibited stability and superiority in terms of agro- morphological traits over Ganga-1 and GM-4. A mutant (S-92 of GM-4) identified during M1 in mutagen treatment 0.1% EMS was very deep lobbed which altered the plant morphology and appearance. This novel unique mutant identified in M1 generation maintained its stability in M2 and M3 generations also. The leaf colour of this mutant was darker than the original leaf colour of GM-4 and found relatively more tolerant to soil moisture-deficit stress.

The Influence of Gamma Radiation on Different Gelatin Nanofibers and Gelatins.

Gelatin nanofibers are known as wound-healing biomaterials due to their high biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-antigenic properties compared to synthetic-polymer-fabricated nanofibers. The influence of gamma radiation doses on the structure of gelatin nanofiber dressings compared to gelatin of their origin is little known, although it is very important for the production of stable bioactive products. Different-origin gelatins were extracted from bovine and donkey hides, rabbit skins, and fish scales and used for fabrication of nanofibers through electrospinning of gelatin solutions in acetic acid. Nanofibers with sizes ranging from 73.50 nm to 230.46 nm were successfully prepared, thus showing the potential of different-origin gelatin by-products valorization as a lower-cost alternative to native collagen. The gelatin nanofibers together with their origin gelatins were treated with 10, 20, and 25 kGy gamma radiation doses and investigated for their structural stability through chemiluminescence and FTIR spectroscopy. Chemiluminescence analysis showed a stable behavior of gelatin nanofibers and gelatins up to 200 °C and increased chemiluminescent emission intensities for nanofibers treated with gamma radiation, at temperatures above 200 °C, compared to irradiated gelatins and non-irradiated nanofibers and gelatins. The electron paramagnetic (EPR) signals of DMPO adduct allowed for the identification of long-life HO● radicals only for bovine and donkey gelatin nanofibers treated with a 20 kGy gamma radiation dose. Microbial contamination with aerobic microorganisms, yeasts, filamentous fungi, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans of gelatin nanofibers treated with 10 kGy gamma radiation was under the limits required for pharmaceutical and topic formulations. Minor shifts of FTIR bands were observed at irradiation, indicating the preservation of secondary structure and stable properties of different-origin gelatin nanofibers.

Influence of Gamma Radiation on the Toxicity of Lightly Crosslinked Polyacrylic Acid and Gel Based on It

Influence of Gamma Radiation on the Toxicity of Lightly Crosslinked Polyacrylic Acid and Gel Based on It

Influence of Gamma Radiation on the Composition and Physicochemical Characteristics of Olefins: Post-Radiation Effects

Influence of Gamma Radiation on the Composition and Physicochemical Characteristics of Olefins: Post-Radiation Effects

Co60 gamma irradiation reduces rooting ability in M1V1 Salvia uliginosa while inducing leaf variegation

Purpose Salvia uliginosa is a desirable ornamental shrub for the landscape with blue flowers and the ability to attract pollinators, but limited variation is commercially available in this species. Mutation breeding is a valuable tool to induce variation in ornamental species. However, many deleterious effects are associated with mutation breeding, including reduced rooting ability of vegetative cuttings. Materials and methods Cuttings of S. uliginosa were randomly assigned into groups of 10 and exposed to 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50 Gy of gamma rays from a cobalt-60 source to determine an appropriate treatment rate. A follow-up experiment treated 25 S. uliginosa cuttings at 35 Gy to induce favorable mutations. Results and conclusions Root quality, survival, and plant height were reduced at higher levels of gamma radiation in the M1V1. However, rooting ability was not impacted in M1V2 selections. Additionally, one mutant was isolated from the 35 Gy treatment with variegated leaves for a mutation rate of 4%. Our research determined a treatment rate that induced a dominant mutation in S. uliginosa while minimizing the deleterious influence of gamma radiation.

Assessment of canister degradation for the encapsulation of spent nuclear fuel: Key research issues encountered in recent regulatory reviews and government decision making in Sweden

Abstract. Regulatory review of a licence application for construction and operation of a geological repository for radioactive waste should not only be based on information provided by the applicant but also on viewpoints brought up by stakeholders and decision makers. In the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority's (SSM) licensing review of a spent fuel repository at the Forsmark site, the main concerns brought up in court hearings, from national consultations and by the Swedish government were focused around the long-term protective capacity of the copper canisters with cast iron inserts. The most debated canister degradation mechanisms were anoxic corrosion of copper (in oxygen gas free water), localised sulphide corrosion (pitting corrosion and stress corrosion cracking), the influence of gamma radiation, and strain hardening of the canister cast iron insert. The main question addressed by SSM is not whether such effects can be ruled out altogether, but rather their potential extent and influence on canister integrity during a sufficiently long period in the repository environment. Constraints are mainly based on rock properties and associated hydrological and geochemical factors known from site investigation and knowledge about the protective capability of the buffer barrier. The key factors are in general well characterised and cover for instance sulphide availability, groundwater flow, mass transfer rates and expected mechanical loading on canisters in the repository environment. The canister corrosion/degradation mechanisms reviewed in this paper are judged by SSM to have a small or limited importance for demonstration of regulatory compliance, taking into account the characteristics of the site, the function of the buffer, and the margins provided by the significant thickness and mechanical strength of the proposed canister.

Assessment of the clinical and hematological status in acute radiation damage of Leningrad calico chickens

The problem of radiation damage to the human body, animals, birds and its individual systems and organs against the background of the use of ionizing radiation sources has acquired relevance throughout the world over the past decades. In the event of an emergency, acute radiation damage in poultry will be massive and increase the risks of developing infectious and noninfectious diseases, due to a decrease in the level of specific resistance, low effectiveness of therapeutic and preventive measures and, as a result, will lead to a decrease in the quality of the resulting product. In view of this, studies aimed at studying the features of the course of radiation pathology in chickens are very relevant and will be taken into account when developing and applying radioprotective formulations.The study of the features of the course of acute radiation damage caused by uniform single irradiation at doses of 7 Gy; 9 Gy; 11 Gy and 13 Gy, at a power of 0.99 Gy/min, was carried out on Leningrad calico chickens. Resistance to ionizing radiation was assessed by generally accepted clinical and hematological methods. Pronounced changes in clinical manifestations and shifts in morphological parameters of peripheral blood were noted under the influence of gamma radiation. Thus, irradiation of chickens with doses of 11 Gy and 13 Gy caused the development of acute radiation damage of an extremely severe degree, which led to severe depression, refusal of feed, shortening the duration or absence of a latent period, against the background of severe leuko- and erythropenia. Irradiation with a dose of 9 Gy caused severe acute radiation damage characterized by adynamia, reduced feed intake, diarrhea with an admixture of blood. Leukopenia was noted in the blood, which by day 12 values were lower than before irradiation by 41.9% and erythropenia. During acute radiation damage in chickens, when irradiated at a dose of 7 Gy, the development of the initial, latent, peak and recovery period in the surviving individuals was clearly traced. The clinical manifestation was characterized by a complex of dyspeptic and neuromotor disorders, moderate leukopenia was noted in the blood. In all experimental chickens, a violation of egg production was noted, up to complete cessation against the background of irradiation at doses of 11 Gy and 13 Gy. It is concluded that uniform single irradiation of chickens in doses from 7 Gy to 13 Gy leads to acute radiation damage and negatively affects the productive qualities of poultry. In order to conduct the experiment on the principle of pairs of analogues, 5 groups of animals were formed, 10 chickens in each. Determination of the content of erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets in the blood was determined by counting in the Goryaev chamber. External total single exposure to gamma radiation at doses of 7 Gy, 9 Gy, 11 Gy and 13 Gy led to the development of acute radiation exposure of medium, severe and extremely severe degrees, respectively.

Influence of Gamma Radiation on the Strength of ABS Plastic Filled with a Short Carbon Fiber

Influence of Gamma Radiation on the Strength of ABS Plastic Filled with a Short Carbon Fiber

A qualitative Assessment of the influence of gamma radiation and heating on aluminum using non-destructive examination

The environmental degradation of metals can pose a significant challenge as it can reduce the effectiveness and lifespan of the equipment. As such, there is a growing need for new non-destructive testing methods that can help assess the behavior of materials in harsh environments. This research proposes the use of the non-destructive Scanning Contact Potentiometry (SCP) technique as a real-time monitoring system to control metals that are affected by external factors like gamma radiation and heating conditions. The SCP technique allows for the measurement of localized electro-physical signals on the surface of a material, providing insights into the material's behavior and characteristics. By using SCP as a real-time monitoring system, it is possible to detect changes in the material's behavior and take appropriate actions before any significant damage occurs. The study's findings highlight the effects of gamma radiation and heat on aluminum specimens. The accelerated growth of Al2O3 on the surface of aluminum specimens exposed to doses of up to 400 kGy and 1000 kGy underlines the importance of careful monitoring and maintenance to prevent metal degradation. Similarly, the concurrent changes in mechanical characteristics and oxide development at 150 °C reveal the need for effective management of temperature exposure in industrial settings. This research can contribute to the development of more effective strategies for managing and maintaining industrial equipment and designing new materials, with potential benefits for a wide range of industries.

Influence of gamma radiation on structure, morphology, and optical properties of GO and GO/PVA nanocomposite

In this work, graphene oxide (GO) was prepared by modified Hummer's method and mixed with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer at different weight concentrations (1 wt % and 5 wt %) and dried at room temperature. The prepared GO and GO/PVA nanocomposites were exposed to gamma (γ) radiation at different doses (1, 50 and 150 Mrad). Changes in the structure, optical properties and morphology were observed after being exposed to radiation at different doses. The structural change in the nanocomposites was determined by X-Ray diffraction (XRD). Morphological changes in the nanocomposites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Elemental analysis was carried out with an energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The optical properties of the samples were studied by ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. In this study, decomposition and oxidation of residual graphite under the influence of γ radiation were observed. The band gap value of samples decreased with the increase of gamma radiation.

Influence of gamma radiation on growth, flowers and morphological changes in Gladiolus

An experiment was conducted at Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology And Sciences, Allahabad in the year 2017-2018 to check the effect of different doses of Gamma radiation (0kR, 1.5kR, 3kR, 4.5kR, and 6kR) on corms of three different gladiolus cultivars namely Praha, Tiger flame, and Snow Princess, it was established that till 3 kR most of the characters were stimulated but started to sink from 4.5kR. However, 6kR treated corms produced leathery and narrower leaves with shorter plant height (57.41 cm), less leaf number (6.75), less sprouts/corm (1.57), and least spikes/plant (1.14) with an abnormal spike. While 1.5 kR treatment proved the most beneficial for various growth parameters including Plant height (87.21cm), the number of leaves (10.76), early sprouting (14.40 days), Early flowering (72.37 days), Longest flower spike (75.41 cm) and more spikes per plant (2.90). Among the Cultivars Tiger flame and Praha were found to respond well to lower doses of gamma radiation and consider being more suitable for gamma treatment. Moreover, discolor basal floret was found in Praha in 1.5kR treated corms, and Chimera was found on Tiger Flame variety at 3kR

Influence of Gamma Radiation on physicochemical properties of Polyacrylamide in ethylene glycol at room temperatures

The aim of this work is to study the effect of gamma radiation on some rheological and optical properties of Polyacrylamide in ethylene glycol. The polymer irradiated with gamma rays to 127 and 254 (rad/min) for 10 minutes on a disk shape samples. The rheological parameters (shear, Relative, specific, reduced, and Intrinsic viscosity), Average viscosity number molecular weight and Effective molecular radius, in addition, the optical parameters Absorbance, refractive index, Molar absorption coefficient, Reflectivity, Coefficient of finesse and Specificreflectance were studded.The obtained results show decrease in (shear-relative-specific-reduced) viscosities, average viscosity molecular weight, original viscosity on other hand there is disparity in the values of effective molecular radius, absorption coefficient, refractive index, reflectivity coefficient of finesse, and specific reflectance as the dose increases. The results show that radiation dose has effective influence on polymer chemical structure therefore its properties will be a function of radiation dose.

Influence of gamma radiation on optical constants and optical energy gap of ZnO thin films

درسنا تاثير التشعيع باشعة كاما على طيف الامتصاص وفجوة الطاقة البصرية لاغشية اوكسيد الزنك . ( 200 °C) لاغشية مرسبة على قواعد زجاجية بدرجة 300-900 nm في المدى(T%) تم قياس النفاذية مع طاقة الفوتونات الساقطة كدالة للتشعيع باشعة كاما. وكان للاغشية (α) وقد لوحظ تغير معامل الامتصاص فجوة طاقة مباشرة متأثرة بالتشعيع .الثوابت البصرية مثل معامل الانكسار، معامل الخمود ، وثوابت العزل زادت بعد التشيع.(εr),( εi)

Ameliorations of Gamma Radiations on Chlorophyll Spectrum and Morphological Characteristics of Peas

Aims: we aimed to investigate the chlorophyll spectrum and morphological characteristics of Pea under the influence of gamma radiations.
 Methods: The experimental material comprised three pea genotypes viz; Arkel, Kashi Nandini, and PSM-3. Mature and well-filled seeds were irradiated with 150 and 200 Gy doses of gamma rays, and six treatments with three control were laid into randomized block design at Research Farm, Krishi Vigyan Kendra during the spring of 2018-19.
 Results: The highest frequency of chlorophyll mutation was recorded in PSM-3 at 150 Gy and the lowest in Kashi Nandini at 200 Gy. The widest spectrum of chlorophyll mutation with seven different mutants was recorded in the PSM-3 at a 150 Gy dose. With an increase in the dose of gamma rays, there was a decrease in the mutation frequency in all the varieties.
 Conclusions: Gamma rays at a rate of 150 Gy were the best for increasing the mutation frequency and they can be used for the induction of desirable mutations in peas. The obtained results confirm that the high potency of the selected mutagenic doses induced a high phenotypic diversity in the treated population and the isolated distinct mutants were of great economic, as well as academic interest for future breeding on peas. The seeds derived from the control and treated populations should be advanced to further generations, to release more variability for quantitative traits which will favor better selection.

Influence of gamma radiation on Dispersion Parameters of Poly Methyl methacrelate (PMMA)

درست تأثيرات اشعة كاما على معلمات التفريق لاغشية بولي مثيل ميثاكريلات (PMMA) المحضرة بطريقة الصب باستخدام موديلات Sellmeier , Cauchy و Wemple-DiDomenico . معلمات بصرية مثل تركيز الحاملات وعمق الأختراق حسبت وربطت مع التشعيع.