Influence Of Gamma Irradiation Research Articles

Characterization of surface and bulk properties of α-Tocopherol blended and γ irradiated UHMWPE sandwich nanocomposites

In the present study, an unconventional approach in compression molding is chosen to fabricate Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) sandwich composites with Graphene (Gr) and Nano-diamond (ND) as fillers. A unique comparison is done between the surface and bulk properties of UHMWPE nano-composites and UHMWPE sandwich composites. Influence of gamma irradiation at doses of 50, 100 kGy doses and vitamin E (vit-E) on crystal structure, mechanical, thermal and tribological characteristics of UHMWPE composites were studied through x-ray diffraction (XRD), raman spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), rheology, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile, nano-indentation and wear characterization techniques. Fracture regions and surface wear of the samples were analysed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to understand the dispersion behavior of fillers in matrix. The concentration of vit-E content in UHMWPE greatly influenced the crosslinks and surface properties in gamma irradiated composites. Gamma irradiation have shown significant improvement in crystallinity, viscous behavior and bulk properties of UHMWPE composites. Irradiated UHMWPE nano-composites have shown better tensile results when compared with sandwich composites, with 22 % increase in young's modulus and 16 % increase in yield stress. Wear rate has been reduced by 25 % for irradiated sandwich UHMWPE composites when compared with UHMWPE nano-composites.

Effect of γ irradiation and Vitamin-E on the thermal and mechanical properties of graphene/nanodiamond reinforced hybrid UHMWPE nanocomposites

This work focus on solving the problems of fabricating inadequate prosthetic joint from mechanical perspective in total joint replacement. Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) composites with different weight fractions of Graphene (Gr) and Nanodiamond (ND) nanoparticles (0.2–0.5 wt %) were prepared by high pressure compression molding. The effect of vitamin E (vit E) and gamma irradiation at 50 kGy and 100 kGy doses on the structural and thermal properties of UHMWPE composites were investigated through swell ratio test, fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The mechanical properties including tensile, flexural, impact test, nanoindentation and micro scratch were studied and the fractured surfaces were analyzed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). Influence of gamma irradiation on UHMWPE composites shows better crosslinks and crystallinity in the polymer matrix. The nano-composites shows significant improvements in various mechanical properties compared to the 0.5 wt % vitamin-E + UHMWPE composite, with a 23 % increase in Young's modulus, a 21 % increase in flexural strength, a 24 % increase in hardness, and a 17 % increase in impact strength. The results shows that 100 kGy gamma irradiated composites exhibited better results. Composite with 0.5 wt % vit E + 0.3 wt % Gr + 0.5 wt % ND shown significant improvement in structural, thermal and mechanical properties.

Influence of gamma irradiation on acrylate‐based shape memory polymers in the presence of various crosslinkers

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of gamma irradiation on acrylate‐based shape memory polymers (SMPs) when combined with various crosslinkers. The SMPs were synthesized using butyl acrylate (nBuA) and isobornyl acrylate (IBoA) with different crosslinkers, including polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), bisphenol A ethoxylated diacrylate (BPAEDA), and trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA). The photo‐initiation process utilized 2,2 dimethoxy‐2‐phenylacetophenone (DMPA), followed by gamma radiation crosslinking at absorbed doses ranging from 5 to 300 kGy. The degree of gelation depended on the copolymer composition and irradiation dose, with poly(IBoA‐nBuA)‐BPAEDA exhibiting the highest gelation degree (99%) and poly(IBoA‐nBuA)‐TMPTA showing the lowest (86%). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the copolymer structure, while thermal stability was assessed using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Dynamic mechanical analysis analysis of the copolymers revealed significant variations in mechanical properties based on the type of crosslinker, radiation dose, and copolymer composition. Furthermore, the shape memory behavior of the copolymers was examined, demonstrating temperature‐dependent storage and loss moduli for crosslinked poly(IBoA‐nBuA) copolymers at a radiation dose of 150 kGy. In summary, the findings highlight that gamma irradiation crosslinking and the choice of crosslinkers have a substantial impact on the properties of acrylate‐based SMPs.

Influence of gamma irradiation on the electrophysical properties of PVA/CdS polymer nanocomposites

PVA/CdS nanocomposites were obtained by forming cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles at 1, 3, 5 and 10 cycles in the pores of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) by layered chemical sorption of anions and cations from a solution of the corresponding salts. A comparative analysis of the temperature-frequency dependence of the electrical properties of the original and gamma-irradiated samples was carried out. It is shown that the reason for the observed changes in the electrical properties of the initial PVA and PVA/CdS nanocomposites under the action of gamma radiation is a change in the ratio of crosslinking, degradation, and oxidation processes occurring in the matrix and at the polymer-filler interface with an increase in the absorbed dose.

Influence of gamma irradiation on rosin properties and its antimicrobial activity

The main component of rosin natural gum is abietic acid, which has an interesting chemical structure to be studied with the influence of gamma-ray and the antimicrobial activity on the properties of a cheap abundant solid state natural material of rosin. Rosin is exposed to a wide scale of gamma-ray ranges from 0 to 100 kGy. The changes in the properties are tracked by various techniques of FTIR, XRD, TGA, GPC, and SEM. The molecular weight of rosin changes from 370 g/mol to higher and the morphological properties were investigated. The irradiated rosin acid (IRA) at different irradiation doses exploited antimicrobial effect versus Gram-positive and Gram-negative as well. The inhibition zone enhanced from 15 to 33, 14 to 28, 14 to 20, and 9 to 14 mm for Gram-positive and Gram-negative, respectively. Moreover, bioactive behavior for irradiated rosin of 40 kGy recorded the highest antibacterial activity against both types of bacteria. The outcome data of antimicrobial activity are good and confirm that there is a significant effect of irradiation dose on the biocidal activity of rosin.

Influences of gamma irradiation on structural, morphological and luminescence characteristics of Nb doped TiO2 nanophosphors

The irradiation induced effects on structural, morphological and luminescence characteristics of Nb:TiO2 phosphors were systematically investigated. Possible defect centers present in the Nb:TiO2 phosphors were also characterized. Anatase phase of TiO2 with minor parasitic Nb-containing phases was specified in crystallographic structure of phosphors. Crystalline size and internal stress enhance with enhancing the exposed dose. The observed rise in the crystalline size was also confirmed in morphological evolution. Moreover, the Nb:TiO2 phosphor exhibits five different photoluminescence peaks. Intensity variations and blue-green–red shifts on the PL peaks were observed after irradiation exposures. Similarly, various trap sites/centers with depth energies between 1.09 eV and 1.99 eV were found in the thermoluminescence analysis. The irradiation exposures both enhance the oxygen vacancies and cation interstitial defects in the structure. The results have depicted that gamma exposure significantly affects the crystallographic and luminescence features of the Nb:TiO2 nanophosphors.

Influence of Gamma-Irradiation on Mechanical and Structural Characteristics of ABS Plastic Based on High-Molecular-Weight Technical Acrylonitrile–Butadiene–Styrene Polymer

Influence of Gamma-Irradiation on Mechanical and Structural Characteristics of ABS Plastic Based on High-Molecular-Weight Technical Acrylonitrile–Butadiene–Styrene Polymer

The formation of phase transitions in CuNiS under the influence of gamma irradiation

The concentrations of forming defects during phase transitions (PTs) and elastic coefficients in the [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]S compound were determined based on differential thermal analysis (DTA) data [Formula: see text]. The sample was studied under the influence of [Formula: see text] irradiation (at a dose of 25 Mrad) and it was shown that the [Formula: see text] curves coincide each other before and after irradiation. It was established that [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] modifications are commensurate when heating the sample. A certain number of defects in S atoms at lattice sites and defects in Cu atoms (also Ni atoms) in interstitial sites of the sublattice are some of the causes of lattice rearrangement.

The influence of gamma irradiation on the storability and biochemical parameters of potato tubers

Potato storage is a complex technological process aimed at reducing weight losses and maintaining the biochemical and consumer indicators of tubers at an appropriate level. Depending on the storage temperature, the amount of losses on sprouts in the overall structure of waste can be a significant. Currently, in most European countries, the use of a classic potato tuber germination inhibitor based on the active ingredient chlorprofam is prohibited for environmental reasons. In this regard, an alternative method of restraining the germination of ware and intended for industrial processing potatoes based on the use of gamma irradiation is of interest. Studies on gamma irradiation of tubers using 60Co were conducted in 2019-2021 at the Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology (Obninsk), followed by storage of potatoes in cold storage chambers of the Russian Potato Research Centre at two temperatures - 6-7 °C and 9-10 °C. The studied radiation doses were 15, 25 and 50 Gy. It was found that potato weight losses during storage depended mainly on temperature (influence of factor 42.2%) and gamma irradiation (influence of factor 42.2%). For ware potatoes (6-7 °C), gamma irradiation doses of 15 and 25 Gy were optimal; for potatoes intended for processing into fried products (9-10 °C), - 50 Gy. Irradiation at these doses significantly reduced the germination of tubers and the amount of total losses during storage. At a storage temperature of 9-10 °C and irradiation dose of 50 Gy, there was also noticed a decrease in reducing sugars content in tubers by 2-2.5 times, which made it possible to obtain the final product when frying of higher quality in terms of color. There was no significant effect on the content of dry matter, starch, nitrates and vitamin C in tubers. After irradiation doses of 25 and 50 Gy a slight decrease in protein content was noticed.

Microbial quality of gamma-irradiated dried Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) calyx powder

The influence of gamma irradiation on the microbial shelf life of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle) calyx powder was determined in this study. Roselle calyx powder samples were procured from a local market, packaged in high-density polyethylene bag, irradiated at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 kGy and then stored at ambient temperature (27 ± 3 °C) for 3 months. During the storage period, samples were taken at 0, 1, 2 and 3 months for microbial analysis. Gamma irradiation doses (2, 4 and 6 kGy) significantly reduced the microbial load of the dried calyx powder. Microbial counts were not detected in samples irradiated at 8 and 10 kGy. This implies that gamma irradiation doses of 8 and 10 kGy completely eliminated microorganisms in the samples. Decontamination using gamma irradiation improves the microbial shelf life of Roselle calyx powder.

Mass stopping power and nuclear shielding behavior of lead borate glasses: Influence of gamma irradiation on physical properties

Four glassy systems with dissimilar PbO ratios were synthesized by the melting method. Raman scattering was used to study the chemical bonds inside the glass structures and follow the chemical changes occurring inside their networks after using the glasses in a radiation field. The glass samples are based on several tetrahedral and triangular groups where in BO3 is predominant. The energy gap of each sample was calculated from two different equations extracted from absorption and transmission measurements as ETauc and ETrans, respectively. Also, chemical durability has been studied to show the stability of these glasses against acidic environmental effect and followed by SEM images. Our findings showed that radiation effect on the prepared samples did not cause significant variations of structural and optical characteristics, however, increasing PbO concentrations resulting in enhancement of several radiation attenuation competencies. This study presented a comprehensive study of the radiation shielding properties of lead borate glass by assessing the effectiveness of proton, electron, neutron, and gamma shielding. Mass stopping power (ψp) and projected range (PR) values were calculated for proton particles (H1) using SRIM Monte Carlo simulation code and its subroutine TRIM, which predicts the radiation damage and atomic displacements per atom (dpa), while the ESTAR program was used to calculate ψe and the continuous slowing down approximation (CSDA) range for electrons. Furthermore; the findings estimate the excess lifetime cancer risk% for radiation workers behind the glass shields. Also, the glass with the lowest PbO content has the highest ΣR value, whereas the sample with the highest PbO content has the highest MAC value of gamma rays.

Influence of gamma irradiation on structural, optical, and electrical characterization of Bi2S3 thin films

Influence of gamma irradiation on structural, optical, and electrical characterization of Bi2S3 thin films

Influence of Gamma Irradiation on Different Phytochemical Constituents of Dried Rose Hip (Rosa canina L.) Fruits.

Gamma irradiation is efficiently applied to many foods, but nevertheless there is a distinct lack of information about the changes of macro- and micronutrients (e.g., carbohydrates, lipids, organic acids, and phenolics) in dried rose hip (RH) fruits. Therefore, in this study, for the first time, the effect of gamma irradiation (10 and 25 kGy) on RH constituents is investigated. Different analytical techniques (GC-FID, HPLC-UV, HPSEC-RID, IR-FT, and SEM) are employed to examine this effect. The irradiation treatment (10 kGy) increased the glucose content by 30% and released cellobiose from RH fruits, thus revealing cellulose destruction. The extractability of total uronic acids increased from 51% (control) to 70.5% (25 kGy-irradiated), resulting in a higher pectin yield (10.8% < 12.8% < 13.4%) and molecular heterogeneity. Moreover, de-esterification was not a major effect of the irradiation-induced degradation of pectin. The sample exposure to the highest dose did not change the content of total carotenoids, β-carotene, and (un)saturated fatty acids, but it affected the tocopherols levels. Gamma rays had a negligible effect on the phenolic constituents and did not affect ORAC and HORAC antioxidant activity. In conclusion, it can be compromised that the exposition of dried RH is safe and can be successfully applied to decontaminate fruits without affecting their nutritional value and biological activity.

Influence of Gamma Irradiation on the Properties of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Obtained by CVD Synthesis

Influence of Gamma Irradiation on the Properties of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Obtained by CVD Synthesis

Influence of Gamma-Irradiation on Swelling Percentage, Flammability Resistance and Morphological Analysis of EPDM/Sepiolite Composites

Gamma irradiation is a particularly effective method for inducing crosslinking, which leads to improved composite characteristics. The effects of gamma irradiation on swelling percentage, flammability and morphological analysis were investigated. Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) rubber composites were prepared with various amounts from 10-60 phr (part per hundred part of rubber) of the sepiolite particles using a two-roll mill machine. The composites were subjected to 50 kGy of gamma irradiation and compared with unirradiated composites. The results demonstrate a reduced in swelling percentage at all sepiolite loadings. The crosslinks of rubber chains into sepiolite/EPDM composites generated by gamma rays resulted in improvements in the swelling resistance. The irradiation composites, however showed lower flammability resistance to the non-irradiated composites.

Influence of gamma irradiation on the isolation of bioactive 4-hydroxyisoluceine compound from fenugreek and its enhanced antifungal properties

In the current study, the influence of gamma radiation for the enhanced activity of 4-hydroxyisoluceine (4-HIL) that posses an in vitro inhibition of blast pathogen, thereby protecting rice plants was thoroughly investigated. It was found that methanolic crude extract of 20 Gy gamma irradiated extract provided remarkable saponin content (7.15 g 100 g−1) compared to non-irradiated extracts. When irradiated and non-irradiated crude extracts on separation by thin layer chromatography (TLC) showed an Rf value of 0.61 that matched with the Rf value of the standard 4-HIL compound. Further, the TLC partial purified compound (10 μl) upon ejected to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) produced a single peak at a retention time of 5.1 min. Moreover, a fair to good anti-blast properties was noticed in all the concentrations of the purified 4-HIL compound. Analyses of anti-blast compound using liquid chromatography-mass (LCMS) spectrometry and 2-D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) detected the presence of 4-HIL at m/z value of 146 and CD3OD resonating at 3.86 ppm respectively. Lastly, under greenhouse conditions, primed plants with 4-HIL compound at 150 μg mL−1 showed a significant disease protection of 77% over the control plants. Overall, this study witnessed an enhanced anti-blast secondary compound from fenugreek seeds irradiated with gamma rays which can be used as safe agrochemicals for plant protection, particularly for rice production.

Influence of gamma irradiation on the properties of bacterial cellulose produced with concord grape and red cabbage extracts

• Bacterial cellulose was produced with grape and red cabbage extracts. • The characteristics of bacterial cellulose produced with G. hansenii were determined. • The influence of gamma irradiation on the properties of cellulose was evaluated. • Adequate sterilisation was achieved with gamma irradiation at a dose of 25 kGy. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a biopolymer produced by microorganisms that has high purity, non-toxicity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. These characteristics make BC suitable for applications in sectors such as the cosmetic, biomedical, and packaging industries. To ensure biosafety for use in these fields, an efficient sterilisation process is necessary. Gamma irradiation is often used as a sterilisation technique, but it has high penetration power. Therefore, evaluating its effects on the physicochemical properties of BC after exposure is important. To date, few studies have reported BC produced with alternative media and sterilised with 60Co radiolytic irradiation. In this work, the bacterium Komagataeibacter hansenii (formerly known as Gluconacetobacter hansenii ) was used for the production of BC in standard Hestrin-Schramm medium and alternative media formulated with different compositions of concord grape and red cabbage extracts. The samples were sterilised with 60Co irradiation. Comparisons of the samples before and after exposure to gamma irradiation were performed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed no substantial changes in the membrane characteristics after irradiation with a dose of 25 kGy. SEM and FTIR analyses demonstrated the preservation of the polymeric structure of the BC. XRD demonstrated that the process did not create new planes of symmetry. With the exception of one sample, the mean reduction in crystallinity was 9.96%. The present findings show that the polymer is safe and has potential for use in the cosmetic, biomedical, and food industries.

Investigation on influence of gamma irradiation on mechanical behavior of PALF reinforced polymer composite

The continuous demand for novel engineering materials with specific properties is increasing rapidly due to the advancement in technologies every day. There are various pre- and post-processing operations could be performed to bring changes in the mechanical, biological, physical, and chemical behavior of the materials. Hence, the main objective of this work is to study the effect of gamma radiation on mechanical behavior of Pineapple Leaf Fiber (PALF) reinforced polymer composite. The test samples were irradiated using cobalt-60 (60Co), the most used gamma emitter because of its operational safety and its availability in abundance in the market. The maximum tensile strength of 44.77 MPa with a modulus of 4.96GPa and the maximum flexural strength of 113.97 MPa with a flexural modulus of 8.78GPa was obtained for the specimen irradiated for the dose of 10 kGy using gamma radiations. The tensile and flexural strength were almost increased by 79.08% and 81.27% respectively when compared to the untreated specimen. Further increase in the dosage of irradiation, decreases the tensile and flexural strength of the composite. The present work highlights that gamma irradiation greatly influences the mechanical behavior of PALF reinforced polymer composite.

Influence of Gamma Irradiation on the Adsorption Properties of Mo(Ⅵ) on AG1-×8 Resin

Influence of Gamma Irradiation on the Adsorption Properties of Mo(Ⅵ) on AG1-×8 Resin

The influence of gamma irradiation on linear and nonlinear optical properties of magnesium oxide nanoparticles via Z-scan technique

The influence of gamma irradiation on linear and nonlinear optical properties of magnesium oxide nanoparticles via Z-scan technique