Influence Of Fertilizer Treatments Research Articles

Abstract PS8-21: The impact of exogenous estrogen exposure on the characteristics of estrogen receptor (ER) positive, early-stage breast cancer (EBC)

Abstract Background: Oral contraceptives (OC) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) are well-established risk factors for ER positive breast cancer. Infertility is associated with an increased breast cancer risk and there is conflicting data on the influence of fertility treatments on breast cancer risk. The impact of exogenous estrogen exposure on breast cancer characteristics is not well described. Methods: A single center retrospective cohort study comprising all women with ER positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negative, EBC whose tumors were sent to OncotypeDX analysis and were treated in our institute between 2005 and 2012. Data on exogenous estrogen exposure were collected including: OC and HRT use and prior fertility treatments. The impact of these exposures was assessed on pre-specified histopathological features including: tumor size, nodal status, ER and progesterone receptor (PR) staining, grade, Oncotype recurrence score (RS), ki67, lymphovascular and perineural invasion. Results: A total of 620 women were included, 79% (Num) were postmenopausal. Prior exposure to OC, HRT and fertility treatments was documented in 19% (103), 30% (136) and 11% (62), respectively. OC use was associated with smaller (≤1cm) tumors (30% vs. 20%, p=0.023) and were less likely to have grade 3 disease (10% vs. 19%, p=0.049). No other associations were found between exogenous estrogen exposures and tumor characteristics (Table). Conclusions: Use of OC may be associated with breast cancer with a distinct features compared to women with luminal breast cancer without history of OC use. Large scale studies are needed to better characterize these findings. Fertility treatmentHRT ≥ 2 yearsHRTOCPNo (%)Yes(%)PNo(%)Yes (%)PNo (%)Yes (%)PNo(%)Yes(%)0.1722254252165150.7002355222057240.7002255232456200.023205723304426T≤1 cm 1<T≤2 T>2 cm0.85917180.09815200.09815210.6671815Node positive0.06479138891100.29982126761590.29982135771590.207791488795IDC ILC Other0.1671864181473130.5001667181664190.5001667171762210.049186319187310Grade 1 230.18922078329680.70811781122770.70811781221780.7392227732275ER intensity≤1 1<ER⇐2 ER>20.1121470.67116150.67116140.103148PR Negative1.000530.455520.455530.28252PNI present0.772670.351780.351570.056105LVI present0.18620290.36222190.36223180.5282218Ki67 >20%0.85917180.78718160.78717180.5701816Oncotype RS>25 Citation Format: Orly Yariv, Rinat Yerushalmi, Assaf Moore, Tzippy Shohat, Ofer Rotem, Yasmin Korzets Ceder, Hadar Goldvaser. The impact of exogenous estrogen exposure on the characteristics of estrogen receptor (ER) positive, early-stage breast cancer (EBC) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS8-21.

The impact of exogenous estrogen exposure on the characteristics of estrogen receptor (ER) positive, early-stage breast cancer (EBC).

e12606 Background: Oral contraceptives (OC) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) are well-established risk factors for ER positive breast cancer. Infertility is associated with an increased breast cancer risk and there is conflicting data on the influence of fertility treatments on breast cancer risk. The impact of exogenous estrogen exposure on breast cancer characteristics is not well described. Methods: A single center retrospective cohort study comprising all women with ER positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negative, EBC whose tumors were sent to OncotypeDX analysis treated in our institute between 2005 and 2012. Data on exogenous estrogen exposure were collected including: OC and HRT use and prior fertility treatments. The impact of these exposures was assessed on pre-specified histopathological features including: tumor size, nodal status, ER and progesterone receptor (PR) staining, grade, Oncotype recurrence score (RS), ki67, lymphovascular and perineural invasion. Results: A total of 620 women were included, 79% were postmenopausal. Prior exposure to OC, HRT and fertility treatments was documented in 19% (103), 30% (136) and 11% (62), respectively. OC use was associated with smaller (≤1cm) tumors (30% vs. 20%, p = 0.023) and were less likely to have grade 3 disease (10% vs. 19%, p = 0.049). No other associations were found between exogenous estrogen exposures and tumor characteristics (Table). Conclusions: Use of OC may be associated with breast cancer with a distinct features compared to women with luminal breast cancer without history of OC use. Large scale studies are needed to better characterize these findings. [Table: see text]

Early growth and survival of shrub willow on newly reclaimed mine soil

Shrub willow (Salix spp.) has been a focus of international efforts to develop renewable alternatives for fossil fuels and to sequester carbon from earth’s atmosphere. In the central Appalachian region of the eastern U.S., short rotation willow could be grown on the significant amount of reclaimed mine land, which would promote economic opportunities for these lands. The objective of this study was to examine various establishment treatments designed to overcome common properties of mine soils: high rock fragment content that causes planting difficulties and reduced water- and nutrient-availability. Three shrub willow clones (Fish Creek, Preble, and SX61) were planted using six planting/fertilizer treatments. The planting treatments compared a horizontal planting method to traditional vertical planting of cuttings. Fertilizer treatments compared no fertilization to controlled release and traditional fertilizer at a rate of 140 kg N ha−1. After two growing seasons, Preble outperformed the others in both survival and production but the influence of fertilizer treatments was inconsistent and varied by clone. Survival and growth for horizontally-planted cuttings was 46% relative to vertically planted cuttings at 83%. Results of this study will be used to direct future establishment practices for willow on reclaimed mine soils in West Virginia.

Influence of Fertilizer Treatments on the Milling Potentials and Total Phenolic Content of Aromatic Rice

The study aimed to determine the influence of different fertilizer treatments on the milling potentials (brown rice, milled rice, and head rice recovery) and total phenolic content of aromatic rice. The two-year field experiment laid out in Split Plot Design with three replications was carried out in irrigated lowland rice soil in San Nicolas, Ilocos Norte. The fertilizer treatment served as the main plot while the variety served as the sub-plot. The different fertilizer treatments were: Control or no fertilizer, rice straw, chicken manure, LCC-based 1, and LCC-based 2; while the two aromatic rice varieties were: modern aromatic Burdagol-Laguna Type and traditional pigmented aromatic Gal-ong rice. Results showed that the brown rice recovery of Burdagol-Laguna Type was improved with the application of organic and inorganic fertilizers. Also, the milled rice recovery of Burdagol-Laguna Type was higher during dry season than wet season. On the other hand, Gal-ong produced high brown rice and milled rice recoveries from the application of organic fertilizers (rice straw and chicken manure) and Control, which indicates that the traditional variety can be organically grown, which would be more profitable for farmers. Gal-ong also had higher head rice recoveries and total phenolic contents than Burdagol-Laguna Type regardless of fertilizer treatment and season. The higher the total phenolic content in rice, the better since this compound may provide antioxidant and radical scavenging activity.

Supplementing chemical fertilizer with an organic component increases soil biological function and quality

The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of organic-supplementation of a chemical fertilizer for improving soil biological activity, particularly towards disease suppression, in a drip-irrigated cotton system. Over a two-year field-based trial, our study characterized effects of partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with two types and amounts of organic components on the size, activity, carbon utilization potential, and culturable groups of pathogenic and antagonistic microbiota. The total microbial community size increased with application of chemical fertilizer (P<0.05), and more so when chemical fertilizer was supplemented with organic amendments (P<0.05). Alteration of microbial biomass carbon to nitrogen ratio, and the ratio of culturable bacteria and fungi, indicated that increases in the microbial community were underpinned by changes in bacteria. Enzymatic activity was greater in soils receiving fertilizer with organic supplement (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that there was no influence of fertilizer treatments on carbon utilization profiles (CUPs; P>0.05), but a strong year-effect was evident (P<0.05). The population size of Verticillium dahliae and Fusarium oxysporum decreased with organic amendments (P<0.05), whilst antagonistic Trichoderma spp. and Bacillus spp. were inversely correlated to the pathogen populations. Overall, the results of this exploratory study support partial substitution of inorganic fertilizer with organic manure or bio-organic fertilizer to promote suppression of cotton root diseases. Associated benefits on soil biological quality will further increase the sustainability of this agroecosystem.

Influence of Fertilizer Application Timing and Rate on Azalea Bloom

General guidelines for the fertilization of azaleas in Southern landscapes often suggest applications be made after bloom. Early fertilizations are thought to encourage earlier blooms which are more likely to be damaged by spring freezes. Three years of data will be presented. Treatments include four fertilization rates, and various times of application from early (December-January) to late (March-April). Four to six varieties were evaluated (depending on the year of the study) in the SFA Ruby M. Mize Azalea Garden and in plantings on the Stephen F. Austin State Univ. campus. A randomized complete block design was utilized with three plants per replication. Influence of timing and rate of fertilizer application on bloom date and persistence. Influence of fertilizer treatments on leaf nutrient concentrations will be presented.

Ammonia Volatilization from Urea as Influenced by Soil Temperature, Soil Water Content, and Nitrification and Hydrolysis Inhibitors

AbstractResidue cover influences temperature and water gradients in the soil profile. Changes in the physical environment of the soil influence NH3 volatilization from urea‐containing fertilizers. Field and laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of residue‐cover‐induced changes in soil water and temperature on NH3 volatilization as impacted by urea treatment with a nitrification and urease inhibitor. Fertilizer treatments were urea, urea plus dicyandiamide (DCD), urea plus N‐(n‐butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), and urea plus NBPT and DCD. Following fertilizer application, the soil was either left bare or covered with corn (Zea mays L.) residue. Every 3 h over a 4‐d period, water potential, soil temperature, CO2 production, and NH3 volatilization were measured. The influence of fertilizer treatments on soil pH was determined in a laboratory incubation experiment conducted over 8 d under controlled environmental conditions. Treatments were similar to the field experiment, with NH3 volatilization, pH, and CO2 production measured daily. The NH3‐volatilization rate in the field was highest 2 d after urea application at a time that corresponded with daily maximum soil temperature and decreasing soil water content. Residue cover reduced NH3 volatilization. Volatilization of NH3 as a result of urea application was not increased when urea was treated with DCD. Ammonia volatilization as a result of urea treatment with NBPT was reduced by 100 times over untreated urea. During an incubation experiment, soil pH increased from 6.5 to 7.2 in the urea‐NBPT, and from 6.5 to 9.0 in the urea and urea‐DCD treatments. Associated with the pH increase in the urea‐NBPT treatment was a reduction in CO2 production when compared with the untreated soil.

Influence of fertilizer treatment on apple fruit composition and physiology. II. Influence on respiration rate and contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, and titratable acidity

The respiration rates and tissue contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, and titratable acidity were determined for apple fruit from trees receiving differential fertilizer treatments U, N, P, NP, and NPK (U, no fertilizer; N, 2 lb ammonium sulphate; P, 4 1b superphosphate; and K, 1 Ib potassium sulphate, per tree per year). The results obtained (expressed on a dry weight basis) are summarized as follows: Respiration rate: N &gt; NP = NPK = U &gt; P. Total nitrogen content: NPK &gt; NP = N &gt; U = P. Ethanol-insoluble nitrogen content: NPK = NP = N &gt; U = P. Ethanol-soluble nitrogen content: NPK &gt; NP = N &gt; U = P. Phosphorus content : P &gt; NP = NPK &gt; U &gt; N. Titratable acidity content: NPK &gt; N &gt; NP = U &gt; P. The incidence of internal breakdown in stored fruit from these treatments has positively correlated with respiration rate per cell and negatively correlated with phosphorus content. Phosphorus content was negatively correlated with cell volume and respiration rate. Mechanisms by which phosphorus content might regulate the incidence of internal breakdown are discussed.

Evaluation of Tall Fescue Pasture under Different Fertilization Treatments1

AbstractThe influence of fertilizer treatment and growth stage on the composition and nutritive value of tall fescue grazed or fed as cut herbage to sheep was examined in first growth and regrowth pasture. Analysis of clipped herbage showed effects of growth stage and fertilizer treatment on plant content of protein, fiber fractions, soluble carbohydrate and certain macro elements, but little consistent effect on trace minerals. With clipped herbage, fertilizer and growth stage altered dry matter and protein digestibility. Fertilizer had little effect on ad lib. intake; intake declined with advancing maturity in the first growth herbage, but there was no effect of date of cutting on intake in the regrowth trials. The dry matter digestibility of grazed herbage was calculated by use of fecal N as an indicator in “local” regressions. The relationship between digestibility and fecal N was found to be affected by growth phase (first cuttings vs regrowth), but not by fertilizer treatment. Calculated dry matter digestibility coefficients averaged 2% higher for grazed than for clipped herbage. Estimated intake values for grazing sheep indicated that cutting date had no effect on intake within first growth or regrowth trials, but that herbage fertilized with higher levels of nitrogen, or nitrogen plus phosphorus, was consumed in greater amount than nonfertilized grass, or grass treated with phosphorus or potassium alone. Grazing sheep in palatability trials showed a marked preference for fescue fertilized with nitrogen, or nitrogen plus phosphorus. Correlation analyses of nutritive criteria with plant composition showed significant relationships between the dry matter digestibility of clipped or grazed herbage and the content of dry matter, crude protein or fiber fractions, but little apparent effect of most plant components on intake.

INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZER TREATMENT ON THE INTAKE DIGESTIBILITY AND PALATABILITY OF TALL FESCUE HAY.

INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZER TREATMENT ON THE INTAKE DIGESTIBILITY AND PALATABILITY OF TALL FESCUE HAY.

Influence of Fertilizer Treatments on Yield, Grain Protein, and Heading Dates of Five Wheat Varieties

SynopsisFive wheat varieties exhibited like responses to seven N and P fertilizer treatments.

Influence of fertilizer treatment on apple fruit composition and physiology. 1. Influence on cell size and cell number.

Cell size and cell number in Sturmer Pippin apple fruits from trees receiving different fertilizer treatments have been determined. N fruit contained larger cells than U, P, NP, or NPK fruit of the same weight (K = 2 lb sulphate of ammonia, P = 4 lb superphosphate, and K = 1 lb sulphate of potash per tree per year: U = no fertilizer). Fruit from the latter four treatments did not show any consistent differences in cell size. In fruit of the average size for each treatment, differences in cell number per fruit were present,, N fruit containing fewer and larger cells than fruit from all other treatments. Cell number of NPK fruit was greater than that of U fruit. Mean cell volumes for fruit from the various treatments were significantly correlated with the incidences of internal breakdown in storage in each of three years. IS fruit of varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Dunn's Favourite contained larger cells than U or SPK fruit of the same size. Delicious SPK fruit contained smaller cells than U or IS fruit), the cell sizes of which did not differ.

The Influence of Fertilizer Treatment of Pastures on the Mineral Composition of the Herbage and the Incidence of Hypomagnesemia in Dairy Cows

The Influence of Fertilizer Treatment of Pastures on the Mineral Composition of the Herbage and the Incidence of Hypomagnesemia in Dairy Cows

The influence of fertilizer treatments on the yield, grade, and specific gravity of potatoes in eastern Oregon

The influence of fertilizer treatments on the yield, grade, and specific gravity of potatoes in eastern Oregon

Influence of Fertilizer Treatments on Maturity and Yield of Cotton1

Influence of Fertilizer Treatments on Maturity and Yield of Cotton¹