Influence Of Fat Intake Research Articles

Resistant starch type 2 and whole grain maize flours enrich different intestinal bacteria and metatranscriptomes

The intestinal microbiota of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were investigated following consumption of diets containing refined high-amylose cornstarch (RS), waxy whole-grain flour from maize (WG), or high-amylose whole-grain flour (WG + RS) together with moderate (MF, 30% of energy) or high (HF, 42% of energy) levels of fat. Compared with control (CON) diets, RS reduced bacterial alpha-diversity and enriched Bacteroidetes and WG increased Lactobacillus proportions by three-fold. WG + RS conferred a combined effect, but the changes were attenuated and greater inter-individual variation was observed. Proportions of fiber-degrading bacterial taxa were inversely correlated with cecal pH. Notably, there was little influence of fat intake on the cecal microbiota. Examination of cecal metatranscriptomes showed that WG and CON diets resulted in similar microbiomes. RS consumption was associated with an increased abundance of either Bacteroides or Prevotella transcripts. Metatranscriptomes of RS-fed rats were consistently enriched in transcripts encoding chaperones, glutamate decarboxylases and glutaminases, and starch degradative enzymes.

Influence of fat intake and BMI on the association of rs1799983 NOS3 polymorphism with blood pressure levels in an Iberian population.

There is controversy about the effect of the rs1799983 nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) genetic variant on hypertension and blood pressure (BP) levels. The aims of the current study were to examine whether rs1799983 affects BP levels and to identify potential interactions between this polymorphism and other non-genetic risk factors. A total of 705 subjects were examined for anthropometric and body composition measurements, BP, dietary habits and physical activity. Oral epithelial cells were collected for the identification of rs1799983 using Luminex® 100/200TM System. After adjusted for covariates, TT genotype showed a 2.30-fold higher predisposition of hypertension than GG genotype subjects. According to BP levels, for each risk allele diastolic blood pressure (DBP) increased in 1.99mmHg. Significant interactions between rs1799983 and saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were found. Moreover, an interaction with body weight status was observed. Among overweight individuals, T allele carriers showed higher DBP than GG genotype. The present study evidenced that rs1799983 NOS3 polymorphism could be associated with hypertension and DBP among Southern Europeans, being this association influenced by dietary fat (SFA and MUFA) and body mass index.

Influence of fat intake on body composition, lipemia and glycemia of type 1 diabetics.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and body composition is important in the disease control. The nutritional intervention has relevance in the improvement of glycemia and lipemia in diabetic patients. Evaluate the influence of fat intake on body composition, lipemia and glycemia on patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. 19 patients were evaluated by anthropometric (body mass index and waist circumference), body composition (fat mass, lean body mass and total body water by bioelectrical impedance) and biochemical variables, after 8 hours of fasting. Dietary assessment was performed using the dietary records for 3 days, analyzed for nutritional software DietPró 5i. The groups were formed according to the usual intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) (G1<10% of total energy expenditure (TEE) of SFA and G2≥10% of TEE of SFA). Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS 16.0, considering p<0.05. There was no difference in anthropometric and biochemical variables between groups, but G1 presented higher fat mass (FM) and G2 high SFA and adequate mounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) intake. The lipemia and glycemia were not affected by high SFA intake, but adequate MUFA intake may have influenced the results of these variables. No found relation between type of fat ingested and biochemistry variables. Body composition can be influenced by type of fat ingested. Lipemia and glycemia were not influenced by high SFA intake, perhaps due to MUFA intake adequate.

INFLUENCIA DE LA INGESTA DE GRASAS EN LA COMPOSICIÓN CORPORAL, RESPUESTA INFLAMATORIA Y METABOLISMO DE LOS LIPIDIOS DE LA GLUCOSA EN LOS DIABÉTICOS TIPO 1

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and body composition is important in the disease control. The nutritional intervention has relevance in the improvement of glycemia and lipemia in diabetic patients. Aim: evaluate the influence of fat intake on body composition, lipemia and glycemia on patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods: 19 patients were evaluated by anthropometric (body mass index and waist circumference), body composition (fat mass, lean body mass and total body water by bioelectrical impedance) and biochemical variables, after 8 hours of fasting. Dietary assessment was performed using the dietary records for 3 days, analyzed for nutritional software DietPr¨® 5i. The groups were formed according to the usual intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) (G1 < 10% of total energy expenditure (TEE) of SFA and G2 iÝ 10% of TEE of SFA). Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS 16.0, considering p<0.05. Results: There was no difference in anthropometric and biochemical variables between groups, but G1 presented higher fat mass (FM) and G2 high SFA and adequate mounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) intake. The lipemia and glycemia were not affected by high SFA intake, but adequate MUFA intake may have influenced the results of these variables. No found relation between type of fat ingested and biochemistry variables. Conclusion: Body composition can be influenced by type of fat ingested. Lipemia and glycemia were not influenced by high SFA intake, perhaps due to MUFA intake adequate.

Trans -Fatty Acids and Sudden Cardiac Death

Der Mensch ist, was er isst (“A man is what he eats”)— German Proverb A relationship between diet and human disease has been known at least since the time of Hippocrates. Our “modern” understanding of the role of nutrition in heart disease began in 1908, when a diet of meat, milk, or eggs was found to produce atherosclerosis in rabbits; a decade later, cholesterol was identified as causing the experimental lesions. Epidemiological studies that began in the 1930s confirmed this correlation in humans, but the importance of diet in causing atherosclerosis attracted little attention until the 1950s, when a high intake of saturated fats was recognized as a major risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke. Although the role of dietary lipids in causing vascular disease is now established, an influence of fat intake on cardiac arrhythmias is less well-appreciated.1 The potential importance of this relationship is highlighted by Lemaitre et al,2 who in this issue of Circulation , suggest that dietary trans -fatty acids cause sudden cardiac death. Trans -fatty acids differ from the natural cis -isomers in the conformation around the double bond; in the former, the fatty acyl chains are on opposite ( trans ) sides of the molecule, whereas they are on the same ( cis ) side in the latter. Most dietary trans -fatty acids are formed when unsaturated fats are “hardened” by hydrogenation and when vegetable oils become hydrogenated during frying; they occur in hardened margarines, fast foods, and some commercially baked goods …

Hypothalamic neuropeptide Y and plasma leptin after long-term high-fat feeding in the rat

The ingestion of fat by rodents affects the level of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the hypothalamus and we hypothesized that they might be linked via leptin, the adipose tissue hormone. The influence of fat intake on leptin and NPY levels was studied in rats fed on either a high-fat (HF) or a low fat diet (LF) for 5 months. Ingestion of the HF diet increased fat deposition (+48%; P<0.01), leptinemia (+189%; P<0.001) and reduced NPY levels in the arcuate nucleus (−35%; P<0.01) and in the paraventricular nucleus (−22%; P<0.01). However, although leptin levels reflected the amount of relative fat deposition ( r=0.62; P<0.01), we found no evidence for a direct relationship between plasma leptin and NPY levels in the hypothalamus. These results suggest that the long-term effects of fat intake on NPY concentrations in the hypothalamus and plasma leptin are associated with different regulatory mechanisms.

Influence of fat intake and caloric restriction on bone in aging male rats.

Caloric and fat intake may have important skeletal consequences. To evaluate this possibility, skeletal effects of adult-onset caloric restriction (CR) at differing fat intakes were assessed in male Lobund-Wistar rats. At age 17 months, two groups of animals received an anti-obesity diet, restricted approximately 35% from individual ad libitum baseline calorie consumption, and two groups received a diet approximately 50% restricted. Dietary fat concentrations were 5, 15, 15, and 25% by weight, respectively. At ages 20, 24, 28, 30, and 32 months, ex vivo femoral bone densitometry and serum biochemical analyses were performed. Body weight (BW) decreased with time on CR in each group (p < .005), declining faster at the more severe restriction (p = .001). Femoral bone mineral contents (BMC) were also reduced. After adjusting for bone area and BW differences among groups, the only significant difference was a reduction in distal femur BMC in the 25% fat group subjected to more severe CR (p = .02). No differences were observed in serum parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphorus, or creatinine. Femoral bone loss occurred with CR. This was entirely accounted for by reduction in BW. Higher dietary fat content did not affect BW in CR animals, but did result in lower distal femur BMC.

Dietary Fat and Fiber in Relation to Risk of Breast Cancer. An 8-Year Follow-up

Objective. —To address the hypotheses that dietary fat increases and fiber decreases the risk of breast cancer. Design. —Prospective cohort study with dietary assessment at baseline, using a validated, self-administered food frequency questionnaire. Setting/Participants. —89 494 women in the Nurses' Health Study who were 34 through 59 years of age in 1980 and who were followed up for 8 years (>95% complete). Results. —1439 incident cases of breast cancer were diagnosed, including 774 among postmenopausal women. After adjustment for age, established risk factors, and total energy intake, we observed no evidence of any positive association between total fat intake and breast cancer incidence (relative risks [RRs] for increasing quintiles of fat intake were 1.0, 0.85, 0.96, 0.91, and 0.90; 95% confidence interval for highest vs lowest quintile, 0.77 to 1.07). Among postmenopausal women alone, corresponding RRs were 1.0, 0.89,1.00, 0.95, and 0.91. Comparing extreme deciles of total fat intake (≥49% vs Conclusions. —These data provide evidence against both an adverse influence of fat intake and a protective effect of fiber consumption by middle-aged women on breast cancer incidence over 8 years. Nevertheless, the positive association between intake of animal fat and risk of colon cancer observed in many studies provides ample reason to limit this source of energy. (JAMA. 1992;268:2037-2044)

Dietary fat and the risk of breast cancer.

Dietary fat has been suggested as a risk factor for breast cancer in women, but the available data on humans are sparse and inconsistent. In 1980, 89,538 U.S. registered nurses who were 34 to 59 years of age and had no history of cancer completed a previously validated dietary questionnaire designed to measure individual consumption of total fat, saturated fat, linoleic acid, and cholesterol, as well as other nutrients. In a subsample of 173 participants studied in detail, those in the highest quintile of fat intake consumed a mean of 44 percent of calories from fat, as compared with 32 percent for those in the lowest quintile. During four years of follow-up, 601 cases of breast cancer were diagnosed among the 89,538 nurses in the study. After adjustment for known determinants in multivariate analyses, the relative risk of breast cancer among women in the highest quintile of calorie-adjusted total fat intake, as compared with women in the lowest quintile, was 0.82 (95 percent confidence limits, 0.64 and 1.05). The corresponding relative risks were 0.84 (confidence limits, 0.66 and 1.08) for saturated fat, 0.88 (0.69 and 1.12) for linoleic acid, and 0.91 (0.70 and 1.18) for cholesterol intake. Similar results were found for both postmenopausal and premenopausal women. These data are based on a limited period of follow-up and do not exclude a possible influence of fat intake before adulthood or at levels lower than 30 percent of calories. They suggest, however, that a moderate reduction in fat intake by adult women is unlikely to result in a substantial reduction in the incidence of breast cancer.

Influence of Fat Intake of the Pregnant Mouse on the Fat Composition of the Fetus

Influence of Fat Intake of the Pregnant Mouse on the Fat Composition of the Fetus

Studies on the Influence of Fat Intake upon the Riboflavin Metabolism (I)

Studies on the Influence of Fat Intake upon the Riboflavin Metabolism (I)