Influence Of Extraneous Factors Research Articles

NDT model study of crown pear based on near infrared spectroscopy

With the growing area and production of pear, as well as the people for the fruit quality requirements are growing. The traditional methods for pear quality inspection are expensive and less accurate, and cannot be done for every pear. In response to the current production environment and market demand, a rapid and non-destructive method of pear quality testing is explored, using near infrared spectroscopy to establish the quality prediction model of crown pear. The main quality indicators for crown pears are soluble solids (SSC) and hardness, using NIR spectroscopy to establish a hardness prediction model and NIR spectroscopy to establish a soluble solids prediction model to build a spectral measurement system. The method was to measure pear spectral images in the NIR band (400nm to 1050nm). The spectra were pre-processed with multiple scattering correction (MSC) and standard normal variables exchange (SNV) to eliminate the influence of extraneous factors, and then downscaled by continuous projection algorithm (SPA) and principal component analysis (PCA) to extract the number of principal factors respectively. Partial Least Squares (PLS) was used to build the regression model and to predict the soluble solids (SSC) and hardness. The best model developed was a hardness prediction model by SNV + principal component analysis with a correlation coefficient of 0.64116 and a soluble solids prediction model by SNV + principal component analysis with a correlation coefficient of 0.73566.

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ПРОЕКТОМ РАЗРАБОТКИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННОЙ СТРАТЕГИИ

This article reveals the specifics of developing a corporate strategy using portfolio analysis, taking into account the current market situation, which has created a number of factors affecting labor produc-tivity, internal and external policies of organizations, using the example of the work of the "Vishnevii sad" theater. The information about portfolio analysis in the development of corporate strategy is presented from the point of view of strategic management. Both theoretical and practical data are given, including different ways of constructing portfolio analysis, rules and methods that can be implemented. Proposals for modifica-tion and improvement of internal processes taking into account the influence of extraneous factors, possible goals and results are presented.

A Response to Paul Stapleton's ‘Critiquing Research Methodology’

Paul Stapleton's (2006) critique of quantitative research brings to the surface some common interpretive problems arising when experimental and quasi-experimental research designs are compared. While Stapleton may be correct in pointing out the superiority of experimental research designs because they best eliminate the influence of extraneous factors, his construction of factitious intervening variables do little to support his argument that naturalistic field studies are invalidated by imaginary spurious influences on the outcomes of interest. In this reply, the differences between randomized experiments and real-world effectiveness studies are also reviewed with the aim of stressing the potential practical utility of the latter. While it is well-known that naturalistic field studies rarely provide conclusive results, it is argued that they can still provide useful evidence to justify inferences about worthwhile assessment practices.

Visualization of Cellular Events Using Designed Fluorescence Sensor Molecules

One of the great challenges in the post-genome era is to clarify the biological significance of intracellular molecules directly in living cells. If we can visualize a molecule in action, it is possible to acquire biological information, which is unavailable if we deal with cell homogenates. One possible approach is to design and synthesize sensor molecules that can convert biological information to chemical reactions that are easily monitored. For this purpose, fluorescence sensor molecules for intracellular messengers have been developed and successfully applied to living cells.Ratiometric measurement is a technique to reduce artifacts by minimizing the influence of extraneous factors on the fluorescence of a sensor molecule. FRET is one mechanism that is applicable for ratiometric measurement. We have designed two FRET sensor molecules, based on changing donor-acceptor distance and changing overlap integral. Protein tyrosine phosphatase activity was successfully monitored by designed sensor. Design, synthesis and neurological application of Zn2+ specific sensor molecules are also introduced.

The effect of a health promotion campaign on mortality in children.

Previous research has shown that in the Netherlands there is a certain degree of preventable mortality associated with long-distance travel, particularly among children of ethnic minority descent. In 1985 a health promotion campaign was launched in Amsterdam with the aim of reducing travel-related deaths by increasing knowledge in ethnic minority communities about the risks involved in travel. In the present study, two data sets are used to examine the possible effects of this health promotion campaign on travel-related mortality in children. The first data set, which was collected locally, indicates that the number of Amsterdam children dying abroad has dropped considerably since 1985. This is particularly true within one group which is highly likely to exhibit risky travel behavior. The second data set, which was collected nationally, shows that an upward trend in mortality among children aged 0-14 years before 1985 has in fact changed into a downward trend since 1985. A similar pattern is observed in the Netherlands as a whole, but to a significantly less pronounced degree than in Amsterdam. Although the influence of extraneous factors can never be fully dismissed, the analysis provides support for the conclusion that the health promotion campaign did in fact succeed in reducing the number of travel-related deaths.

A reader's point of view on looking

Questions about the validity of eye fixations in the blocks task as a memory indicator are discussed. Examples from reading research illustrate the influence of extraneous factors.

A comparison of computer versus panel assessment of two groups of patients with cleft lip and palate

A computer-based system of assessing asymmetry was used to compare standardised photographs of primarily corrected cleft noses, uncorrected cleft noses and control (normal) noses. A significant difference was found between control and cleft groups for both upper nasal perimeter (p < 0.001) and nostril outline (p = 0.001), and between uncorrected and corrected noses for upper nasal perimeter (p = 0.03) but not for nostril outline (p = 0.99). Comparing the results achieved by panel assessment (Cussons et al., 1992) with this of the same patients revealed some discordance related to the influence of extraneous factors on panel decisions. Panel assessment is needed in the evaluation of overall appearance, whilst the computer method is able to assess the results of different techniques, and from different centres, on specific features where symmetry is a major objective of surgical technique.

Cellobiose/mannitol test: physiological properties of probe molecules and influence of extraneous factors

The influence of gastric emptying, intestinal transit, renal and hepatic function, and variations in the timing of urine collections, on the cellobiose/mannitol test of intestinal permeability has been studied. None of these extraneous factors influences the cellobiose/mannitol recovery ratio, and there is only a modest effect of renal function on urinary mannitol recovery. Cellobiose is almost totally recovered in the urine within 10 h of intravenous injection, whilst mannitol is less completely recovered, perhaps due to hepatic metabolism. The simultaneous administration of two probe molecules in the cellobiose/mannitol test, and the use of a ratio to express results, thus achieves the desired object of minimising the effect of extraneous factors on the test result. The cellobiose/mannitol test is therefore not subject to the limitations of previous tests of intestinal permeability using orally administered probe molecules, and is widely applicable as a screening test for coeliac disease.

The influence of extraneous factors on Coulter S measurement of the mean corpuscular volume.

Alteration in the temperature of the Isoton diluent in a Coulter model S counter over a range of possible laboratory working temperatures produced a change in the mean corpuscular volume using EDTA and dipotassium acid citrate dextrose blood and a commercial control, 4C. Contamination of the Isoton diluent with hypochlorite solution, used to clean the Coulter model S, may increase the mean corpuscular volume of EDTA blood without altering other measured parameters. Attention to both these points is required in assessing quality and calibrating the machine.

Matromorphy in Brassica oleracea L. III. The influence of temperature, delayed prickle pollination and growth regulators on the number of matromorphic seeds formed

Research was carried out into influence of extraneous factors on the frequency of matromorphic seeds. Because of a low seed set in different parental combinations, few significant differences were found. It appeared, however, that temperature could positively influence the frequency of matromorphic and hybrid seeds. Delayed prickle pollination and application of GA3 also increased the number of seeds.

The Influence of Extraneous Factors on the Marking of Essays

Abstract Osnes, J. 1972. The Influence of Extraneous Factors on the Marking of Essays. Scand. J. educ. Res. 16, 161‐176. The purpose of the present study has been to investigate whether, and to what extent, the marking of essays at university level is influenced by extraneous factors like the style of handwriting and composition errors. The effect of these extraneous factors has been examined in essays from different quality levels. Twenty‐four essays were selected from those delivered at an ordinary examination. They were all rewritten in four different ways; neat handwriting/no composition errors, neat handwriting/many composition errors, poor handwriting/no composition errors and poor handwriting/many composition errors. Twelve raters marked the essays. Both by a statistical‐inductive and a correlational analysis it was found that handwriting and composition errors separately and across essay levels may be said to affect the marking of essays, though only to a small extent. A significant triple interaction between essay level, handwriting and errors was found, indicating that different combinations of handwriting and composition errors may have a varying effect on the marking of essays from different levels.

VARIABILITY IN VISUAL THRESHOLDS.

Summary and Conclusions This investigation studied variability in visual thresholds for six subjects for 50 consecutive days. The results show the following: 1. Session-to-session variability agrees closely with the variability estimates made by Hecht and Zegers. 2. No periodic or cyclic trends appeared for the group or for any individual subject. 3. For all six subjects for the first 15 days of testing, a learning phenomenon was observed for the mean and standard-deviation data. There was a slow rise over the last 10 days of testing for the mean, but not for the standard-deviation data. (A discussion of the possible causes of the rise of the mean over the last 10 days suggested the influence of extraneous factors, such as boredom and fatigue.) 4. No effect of the menstrual cycle upon the threshold values was found. 4. No effect of the menstrual cycle upon the threshold values was found.