Influence Of External Agents Research Articles

What Kind of Group Is Antifa?

In the United States, the first presidential debate of 2020 featured a discussion about Antifa. While Biden argued that Antifa is “an idea, not an organization,” Trump portrayed it as a “dangerous, radical group.” The nature of Antifa sparks disagreements not only in politics but also in scholarly circles. Some view it as a loosely defined label for a fragmented collective. Others perceive it as a gang or a radical social movement. This article identifies four key factors that make it difficult to define Antifa: the anonymity of its members, the lack of identifiable representatives, the ambiguous affiliation boundaries, and the influence of external agents (including reporters, pundits, and detractors) shaping its identity. Faced with this challenge, I propose stepping back to reevaluate the underlying assumptions of the debate. I seek to complement current theories of social ontology and collective action by introducing an alternative approach centered around the concept of personification.

Investigation of root traits of Dendrocalamus strictus cultivated on organically amended coalmine overburden and its potential use for slope stabilization

The active and abandoned coalmine overburden (OB) dumps are prone to slope instability under the influence of external agents. Estimating the mechanical reinforcement imparted by the grassroots on the coalmine overburden dumps is vital. This paper discusses the effect of organic amendment on the growth characteristics and root distribution of native grass Dendrocalamus strictus species (common name: Bamboo) in the Jharkhand region, India. A pot experiment was conducted wherein the OB was amended with different proportions of cow dung (OA) and garden soil (GS) to be used as growth substrates known as treatments (T1-T5). A pot having only GS (T6) was used as a control. The growth of six D. strictus saplings under each treatment was monitored for survival, shoot height, and canopy area. The root distribution, root area ratio (RAR) with depth, root tensile strength (Tr ) vs. root diameter (d) relationship, and variation of additional cohesion (root cohesion, cr ) with depth were studied for each species (Wu method). The pot experiment shows that the chosen grass can survive on the OB dumps with a suitable external amendment and can exhibit a well-developed root system and produce higher root reinforcement when allowed to grow under unrestricted conditions.

Non-perturbative field theoretical aspects of graphene and related systems

In this article, we review the dynamics of charge carriers in graphene and related 2D systems from a quantum field theoretical point of view. By allowing the electromagnetic fields to propagate throughout space and constraining fermions to move on a 2D manifold, the effective theory of such systems becomes a non-local version of quantum electrodynamics (QED) dubbed in literature pseudo or reduced QED. We review some aspects of the theory assuming the coupling arbitrary in strength. In particular, we focus on the chiral symmetry breaking scenarios and the analytical structure of the fermion propagator in vacuum and under the influence of external agents like a heat bath, in the presence of a Chern-Simons term, anisotropy and in curved space. We briefly discuss the major advances and some new results on this field.

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ АВТОМАТИЗИРОВАННОГО ОПТИКО-МЕХАНИЧЕСКОГО УСТРОЙСТВА ДЛЯ ТОМОГРАФИЧЕСКОГО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ДЕСНЫ ПОД ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЕМ ВНЕШНИХ АГЕНТОВ

The work highlights the use of the developed automated optical-mechanical device for tomographic studies of the gums treated with special types of toothpastes. The optical parameters of the gum depth were measured under and without the influence of external agents. This task is relevant and important for therapeutic dentistry. The paper reveals the scheme of an automated opto-mechanical device and its operation, as well as the technical characteristics of the device. The objects of the study were determined and data on the distribution of the reflection coefficient from the subsurface layers (depth 0.5 mm) were obtained. A section of the upper gum area with an area of (1×1) cm2 after treatment with gum pastes in 15 minutes at a wavelength of 0.83 microns was analyzed.

MODELLING OF OILY RAW MATERIAL EXCRACTION PROCESS

This paper concentrates on approaches to mathematical modelling of oily raw material extraction process. «Evolution» of modeling hypothesis based on analysis of differential diffusion equation under the right boundary and initial conditions; on simplified model of Fick's equation and on material balance equation; on mass transfer model in adsorption pore volume; on model for the surface layer by analogy of Van der Waals equation; on Gibbs' model based on the abrupt change of phases due to the intermolecular forces; on the simplest Langmuir equation model; on lattice-based models of Guggenheim, Pryhozhyn, Everett, Ohm, Briukhovetskyi and others. The fact that we need to know a large number of micro - parameters makes these models difficult to use in practice. Under normal extraction conditions, the flow, which comes out of solid phase, collides with the resistance of the diffusion boundary layer, which presents a tangible obstacle affecting the duration and quantity of special-purpose component extraction. As the boundary layer thickness depends on the hydrodynamics of the process, under the influence of the microwave field his obstacle is almost insensible, as the intense movement of liquid reduces its thickness. The main factor acting on the quantity of extracted substance is a pressure difference in capillaries and in the flow of extraction agent and mass transfer coefficient. The effect of pulse microwave input during the extraction transfers the process of diffusion from the external environment to internal, because internal pressure diffusion dominates in this process, but not the convective diffusion with the influence of external agent.

Pollination and pollen germination in common juniper (Juniperus communis: Cupressaceae)

Pollination and fertilization are the most important and responsible stages in sexual reproduction of coniferous plants. The period of high concentrations of juniper pollen in overhead during pollination period is no more than 4–6 hours and within one calendar day. This dependence remains invariable from year to year, and does not depend neither from weather conditions, nor the peculiarities of the place where juniper grows. Influence of external agents on dynamics of exudation of a juniper pollination droplet is studied. The duration of exudation and volume of secretory liquid exuded by tissues of ovules during the period of prescription in the juniper depend from presence of external agents on a surface of pollination droplet, their sizes and physical and chemical properties. The pollination droplet chemical compound is studied. In sugars composition of juniper pollination droplet there are only two monosaccharides: glucose and galactose. the amino acids composition is prevailed by arginine, aspartic and glutamic acids. The results of the studies confirm complex chemical composition and multifunctionality of juniper pollination droplet. The pollination mechanism of juniper is effective and selective. The morphological structure of pollen grains of juniper predetermines the processes of pollen germination at early stages. The hydrophilic capsule, formed pollen hydration, promotes to exine rupture and shedding. This capsule remains until the fertilization. The distal tip of pollen tube remains in itduring all time of its growth. In culture in vitro development of pollen tubes of juniper proceeds non-uniformly. At definition of juniper pollen viability it is necessary to consider a stage of pollen tubes development.

A time allocation model considering external providers

Time use models have advanced significantly during the last decade: their theoretical approach has been refined, functional forms have improved and new constraints have been incorporated, among other aspects. However, there is an incipient development of an issue of great importance: the role and influence of external agents on individual time allocation and the recognition of unpaid/domestic work as a distinctive area of research. In this paper we introduce domestic production and the potential domestic work substitution by external providers in a time use model, improving its formulation and the interpretation of the values of time. We take into account the marginal utility of domestic activities, their cost - either if self-produced or hired - and the relation between the domestic output and domestic work hours considering the difference in skills between providers and household members. A stochastic system of equations is proposed and estimated using three Dutch time use and expenses data sets, from which the values of leisure and work are computed and analyzed. Comparative results show that a model with no consideration of hired domestic providers overestimates the values of leisure.

Processo de internacionalização de uma empresa do Vale do São Francisco: influência dos agentes externos e das escolhas gerenciais

Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo analisar as principais características do processo de formação de estratégias internacionais de uma empresa no segmento de fruticultura do Vale do São Francisco (VSF), considerando a influência dos agentes externos e das escolhas gerencias. É apresentada, primeiramente, uma breve contextualização do cenário da fruticultura no Brasil e na região do VSF; na fundamentação teórica são apresentados os conceitos de estratégias e em seguida define-se internacionalização, à luz de teorias utilizadas como base para a análise, sendo estas: a Teoria de Uppsala, o Modelo Diamante, Resource-Based View (RBV), Ciclo de Vida do Produto, Paradigma Eclético e Escolha Adaptativa. O segmento empírico da pesquisa é desenvolvido por meio de um estudo exploratório, envolvendo dirigentes da empresa, mediante aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas. A análise dos dados deu-se mediante o uso do software Atlas.ti 6.0. Evidenciam-se as associações entre os modelos de internacionalização e o modo o qual as dimensões de análise são reforçados mutuamente.

Urea, Guanidine Hydrocloride and 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol Can Change the Amyloid Fibril Formation of Model Proteins: A Spectroscopic Study

The influence of external agents on proteins function and structure is essential to elucidate the unfolding pathways and the protein self-assemble properties. The knowledge of the protein amyloid fibril formation process is important due to the fields that this subjected is related, in particular for the neurodegenerative disorders as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. In the present study we evidenced the influence of different external agents on the Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) and Lysozyme amyloid fibril formation by means of UV-Vis and Fluorescence spectroscopy. Concerning BSA, the presence of urea (< 3M) was able to induce the formation of amyloid fibrils at 328 K and increasing urea concentration the amount of protein in the amyloid form also increases. Moreover, a different effect was evidenced by the presence of TFE, where BSA underwent an amorphous aggregation process, leading even to the flocculation of BSA. Interestingly the presence of both urea and TFE up to 5% induces the appearance of amyloid fibrils, instead of amorphous aggregation. Regarding GndHCl, it was not able to induce the formation of amyloid fibrils in neither BSA nor Lysozyme. It is interesting that GndHCl and Urea are well-known as protein denaturant agents, however, their interaction in the protein surface is quite different, such a difference could lead the protein to different final conformations, including the amyloid fibril one. This study indicates that the hydration shell can play an important role in the amyloid aggregation process.Acknowledgements: FAPESP (grant # 2012/01953-9) CNPq (grant # 479229/2011-2, # 303048/2012-3).

The Influence of Both Urea and 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol in the Amyloid Fibril Formation of Bovine Serum Albumin

The influence of external agents on proteins function and structure is essential to elucidate the unfolding pathways and self-assemble properties. The knowledge of the protein amyloid fibril formation process is important due to the fields that this subjected is related, in particular for the neurodegenerative disorders. In the present work we studied the influence of both urea and 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol (TFE) and temperature on the structure and protein-protein interactions of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), by means of UV-Vis spectroscopy, static fluorescence and small angle X-ray scattering technique. The experiments were performed in samples composed by 10 and 3 mg/ml of BSA at pH 5.8, near the protein pI. First, Thioflavin-T fluorescence measurements indicated that urea, in the absence of TFE, was able to increase the amyloid fibril formation of BSA at 45oC and increasing the urea concentration the rate of amyloid fibril formation also increases. Concerning the presence of TFE, SAXS data suggest that BSA tridimensional structure is not altered by the presence of TFE 5% and 10% v/v in all studied protein concentrations. Interestingly, the presence of TFE on the urea-containing BSA also increases the rate of amyloid fibril formation, as compared to the TFE-free system, indicating that TFE can catalyze the amyloid-fibril formation. The presence of TFE 20% v/v, however, induces the formation of aggregates, but at this time we were not able to infer if such aggregates are amyloid-like or amorphous. Taking together, the results give support to infer that BSA can for fibrils in the presence of urea at 45oC and TFE can act as a stabilizer or as a denaturant agent for BSA. Acknowledgements: FAPESP (grant # 2012/01953-9) and CAPES.

Domain formation on oxidized graphene

Using first-principles calculations within density functional theory we demonstrate that the adsorption of single oxygen atom results in significant electron transfer from graphene to oxygen. This strongly disturbs the charge landscape of the C-C bonds at the proximity. Additional oxygen atoms adsorbing to graphene prefer always the C-C bonds having highest charge density and consequently they have tendency to form domain structure. While oxygen adsorption to one side of graphene ends with significant buckling, the adsorption to both sides with similar domain pattern is favored. The binding energy displays an oscillatory variation and the band gap widens with increasing oxygen coverage. While a single oxygen atom migrates over the C-C bonds on graphene surface, a repulsive interaction prevents two oxygen adatoms from forming an oxygen molecule. Our first-principles study together with finite temperature ab-initio molecular dynamics calculations concludes that oxygen adatoms on graphene cannot desorb easily without influence of external agents.

The influence of low temperature on the evolution of concrete strength

The mechanical strength of concrete can be affected by many conditions, among them the proportion of the mixture and the influence of external agents, such as external temperatures. Thus, the objective of the paper is to analyze the influence of low temperature on the evolution of concrete strength, from the molding of tests specimens cured at various temperatures. The specimens were submitted in the first 7 days, as curing temperatures ranging from 0ºC to 25ºC, simulating the lowest possible value for the start of the cement hydrations reactions to the considered ideal for development resistances. The results of the experimental program demonstrated at lower cure temperatures the strength of the mixture develops more slowly, as might be expected, but also found after 14 days, the strength of the mixtures was reversed, i.e., concretes cured at higher temperatures lower values. Thus, it was concluded the concrete in cold weather can be beneficial to its mechanical performance to over time, at the expense constructive steps in normal temperature.

Armor Stone Abrasion due to Displacements in Sea Storms

A model to estimate volume loss of armor stones caused by abrasion under wave conditions occurring during a structure’s lifetime is proposed. It accounts only for abrasion caused by stone movements, neglecting the effects of stone breakage, wetting-drying, freezing-thawing cycles, and chemical attack and is based on the assumption of proportionality between abraded volume and abrasion work. The model represents rock resistance to abrasion and to unit size and makes use of empirical relationships providing the average frequency of movement and displacement length of armor units. Wave loading is described with a probabilistic analysis. The present model is discussed in the light of a previous one. The comparison makes possible the estimation of the influence of external agents, other than stone mobility and size, on volume loss.

Isometric contraction by fibroblasts and endothelial cells in tissue culture: a quantitative study.

We have used an isometric force transducer to study contraction of two types of nonmuscle cells in tissue culture. This method permits the quantitative measurement of contractile force generated by cells of defined type under the influence of external agents while allowing detailed morphological observation. Chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF), which form a contractile network inside a collagen matrix, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVE), which are located in a monolayer on the surface of the collagen matrix, were studied. CEF and HUVE in 10% FCS produce a substantial tension of 4.5 +/- 0.2 x 10(4) dynes/cm2 and 6.1 x 10(4) dynes/cm2, respectively. Both cell types contract when stimulated with thrombin, generating a force per cell cross-sectional area of approximately 10(5) dynes/cm2, a value approximately an order of magnitude less than smooth muscle. The integrity of the actin cytoskeleton is essential for force generation, as disruption of actin microfilaments with cytochalasin D results in a rapid disappearance of force. Intact microtubules appear to reduce isometric force exerted by CEF, as microtubule-disrupting drugs result in increased tension. Contraction by HUVE precedes a dramatic rearrangement of actin microfilaments from a circumferential ring to stress fibers.

Influence of external agents on structure and molecular dynamics in oriented polyolefins review

Oriented PE and PP samples have been studied on exposure to mechanical, temperature and oxidative factors. The complex nature of the change in molecular mobility on static loading of oriented polyolefins has been established. Deformation, degree of stretching, the MMD and the MM were found to influence the value and direction of thi change. At the initial stage of oxidation there is considerable improvement in mechanical properties. For high degrees of oxidation the character of the dependence of the molecular mobility on reversible strain for highly oriented samples with mean MM and narrow MMD changes to the opposite. In the region 40°C in PE and 60°C in PP a relaxational transition was found. After oxidation by ozone at >95°C and also oxidation in the loaded state and subsequent annealing (at the temperature of the relaxational transition) this transition was not found.

Cathepsin B, cathepsin C and arylamidase in rabbit cornea.

The 3 peptide hydrolases cathepsin B, cathepsin C and arylamidase have been assayed in rabbit cornea with the use of fluorigenic derivatives of β‐naphthylamine. The optimal reaction conditions and kinetic properties are described. The assay procedures which are simple and very sensitive can be used for studying the release of these enzymes from corneal cells, and further their eventual role in the pathological events following the influence of external agents.

Education and the Growth of Conscience

Consciences are neither born nor made, they develop. Development in living beings is the outcome of interaction between the individual and the environment; specifically, in the case of moral development, between the individual person and the culture. The child is born with the potential ability to distinguish between ‘good’ and ‘bad’ in terms other than those of immediate personal satisfaction to which the infant is limited, but the growing child can make assessments only in terms of the values which he is taught. He has. as part of his human make-up, the tendency to pursue the perceived good and to shun the perceived bad. What he actually perceives as good and bad depends largely on what the society into which he is born teaches him so to perceive. This is not to say that the individual's capacity for moral judgment is wholly dependent on the influence of external agents; the ultimate structure of conscience is unique because no two environments are entirely alike and no two individuals are entirely alike.Though it has been said that moral development is the result of interaction between the individual and the culture one must be yet more precise. The child receives his values not from ‘the culture’ or from ‘ ‘society’ in a large and undefined sense but from a fairly circumscribed group of persons: parents and siblings, other adults in the family circle, school teachers and companions. This means that values are never transmitted to the child in a ‘pure’ state, they are always, in some way. modified by the person who mediates them.

Influence of External Agents on the Moulting Character of the Silkworm, Bombyx mori L

Influence of External Agents on the Moulting Character of the Silkworm, Bombyx mori L