Influence Of Environmental Constraints Research Articles

The Influence of Environmental Constraints in 360° Videos on Decision Making in Soccer.

Decision making is an important prerequisite of soccer expertise. Beyond expertise, considering the effects of environmental constraints on decision-making processes could help specify existing theories. To address this gap, expert and nonexpert soccer players were enrolled to test how environmental constraints affect decision-making processes. Environmental constraints were experimentally manipulated: Opponent pressure was implemented by presenting a close opponent player in soccer scenes, time constraint was implemented by providing short time intervals for making the decision, and first-person perspective was implemented by using 360° videos. The experts outperformed the nonexperts, and the results showed significant main effects of time constraint and opponent pressure, but not perspective. The players' option and decision quality improved under the time constraint but were negatively affected by opponent pressure. The negative effects of opponent pressure were especially true under limited time and in third-person perspective. The results, alternative manipulations, and implications of environmental effects are discussed for decision-making research.

Influence of environmental constraints and carrier gas velocity on powder concentration and temperature distribution during laser inside additive manufacturing process

Cylinder structures strengthened by internal stiffeners are widely applied in high-speed aircraft and spacecraft that are subjected to harsh environments. However, it is severely challenging to fabricate stiffener structures within a cylinder's restricted space via traditional processes. Techniques that allow for the deposition of metallic structures through zones in difficult-to-access positions, e.g., the inner walls of a cylinder, are quite limited. Laser inside additive manufacturing (LIAM) technology is applied to produce components in the inner walls of thin tubes, whose processing environments are restricted due to their small internal space. Nevertheless, the powder motion behavior driven by the feeding gas and LIAM's operating temperature in the restricted space is not evident. A simulation of the LIAM process as a feasible alternative for application in restricted spaces was investigated in the present study. The effects of the spatial constraints and the carrier gas velocity on the powder flow's aggregation and temperature distribution were studied. It was found that the powder flow was distributed in a convergent shape, which could be divided into an annular area, convergence area, and divergence area. With the increase in the carrier gas velocity, the powder flow concentration was found to decrease gradually. The powder utilization rate of LIAM was found to be as high as 60.5%. Moreover, a higher temperature was achieved in the powder flow for the cylinder substrate due to the difference in the geometric structure and the higher reflection of the cylinder substrate to laser intensity.

The influence of environmental constraints within hospitals on physical activity level of cancer patients.

This study aims to examine the influence of hospital environmental constraints on physical activity level of cancer patients. The subjects of this study were 194 cancer patients from five general hospitals in the Seoul metropolitan area (Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, and Incheon). The collected data was analyzed by using SPSS ver. 23.0. As a result of analyzing the effect of environmental constraints on the physical activity level of cancer patients, the constraints related to hospital facilities and programs had no effect on patients’ time spent in a hospital bed and their time spent on daily. However, the time cancer patients spend on intentional physical movements is affected by hospital facilities or programs. This means that hospital facilities or programs play an important role in patients’ intentional physical activities. In conclusion, for hospitalized cancer patients, physical activity levels are influenced by environmental constraints in the hospital. Therefore, it is important to improve the hospital environment to increase physical activities such as walking and physical exercise, which are an important factor for cancer recovery and prevention of recurrence.

IM as a Goal-Oriented Response to Stigma Communication at Work: A Self-regulation Perspective

In responding to stigma communication at work, people are often under the influence of environmental constraints that may significantly curtail the availability of different identity management strategies. This paper highlights that identity management in workplace settings should be seen as a goal-driven, motivated, and norm-guided response. We present a conceptual model that opens up the black box of why people choose to accept or challenge stigma communication at work by integrating identity management and stigma literatures with self-regulation literature. Our model and associated propositions present how organizational norms and contextual features, individual difference variables such as identity centrality and self-efficacy, and multiple goals such as self- enhancement, self-verification, and belonging, together drive an individual’s choices of identity management strategies. We also discuss how individuals engage in multiple goal pursuit under stigma threat and how that may impact their self-regulatory reserves. We raise novel research questions to spur future research and present practical recommendations to help practitioners harness the value of diversity in organizations.

The Influence of Environmental Constraints on the Water Value

The establishment of more severe hydrological environmental constraints, usually as seasonal minimum flows (ϕ) and maximum ramping rates (ρ), on hydropower operation is a growing trend. This paper presents a study on the influence of ϕ and ρ on the water values (WV) of a real hydropower plant that participates in the Spanish day-ahead electricity market. For this purpose, a master-slave algorithm, based on stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) and deterministic mixed integer linear programming (DMILP), is used on a real hydropower plant. The master module, based on SDP, has a yearly planning period with weekly time steps and considers three state variables: stored water volume in the reservoir at the beginning of each week; weekly water inflow; and average weekly energy price. The slave module, based on DMILP, has a weekly planning period with hourly time steps and considers many features of the hydropower plant operation, such as: start-up costs, evaporation, wear and tear costs, etc. The results indicate that WV of a hydropower plant are very sensitive to the presence of these constraints; ϕ especially during the wettest season and ρ during the driest one. As the severity of ϕ and ρ increase, WV increase and decrease, respectively.

Influence of Environmental Constraints on Profit-Based Short-Term Thermal Scheduling

This paper is on the short-term thermal scheduling (STTS) problem, particularly concerning the new competitive and environmentally constrained electricity supply industry. On the one hand, within the electricity market, STTS has evolved from a minimum-cost policy in state-owned monopolistic companies to a profit-based policy under market conditions. On the other hand, as a consequence of growing environmental concerns, an unprecedented change points to a scenario where it is necessary to take into account the constraints related to the environment. We propose a multiobjective optimization (MO) approach to solve the profit-based STTS problem with environmental concerns. Two case studies are considered: the IEEE 30-bus system and a 75-bus system. Finally, conclusions are duly drawn.

Short-term group fission processes in macaques: a social networking approach

Living in groups necessarily involves a certain amount of within-group competition for food. Group members may have different motivations, implying the reaching of a consensus to stay cohesive. In some cases individuals fail to reach a common decision and the group splits; this can be temporary, as seen in fission-fusion dynamics, or even irreversible. Most studies on fission-fusion dynamics published to date have focused on the influence of environmental constraints on sub-grouping patterns, but little is known about how social relationships affect individual choices for sub-groups. In this study, we used an agent-based model to understand the mechanisms underlying group fission in two semi-free-ranging groups of macaques: one group of Tonkean macaques (Macaca tonkeana) and one of rhesus macaques (M. mulatta). The results showed that sub-grouping patterns were mainly influenced by affiliative relationships. Moreover, the species-specific social style appeared to affect the probability of choosing a particular sub-group. In the tolerant Tonkean macaques, mechanisms underlying sub-grouping patterns resembled anonymous mimetism, while in the nepotistic rhesus macaques, kinship influenced the mechanisms underlying group fissions. As previous studies have shown, fission-fusion society may be a way to avoid social conflicts induced either by food or by social competition.

The construction of a simultaneous functional order in nervous systems. III. The influence of environmental constraints on the resulting functional order.

In a previous paper (Part I) we introduced a model that constructs a simultaneous functional order in a set of neuronal elements by monitoring the coincidences in their signal activities (the so-called coincidence-model). The simultaneous signal activity in a neural net will be constrained both by its physical restrictions and by environmental constraints. In this paper we present the results of simulation experiments that were performed to study the influence of environmental constraints on the resulting functional order in a set of neural elements corresponding to a one-dimensional detector array. We show that the coincidence-model produces a functional order that encodes the physical constraints of the environment. Moreover, we demonstrate that the signal activity in the neural net (the "perceptions") can be related to events in the outer world. We provide some examples to demonstrate that our model may prove useful to gain insight into certain developmental disorders.

Environment as an Influence on Managerial Autonomy

Propositions about the influence of environmental constraints on organizational behavior are rare, but they are essential in administrative science. Behavior depends on the patterns of inputs from the environment to an organization and on the interpretation of these inputs as tasks by members of the organization. A study of two Norwegian firms shows how the autonomy of managerial personnel-their decisions for and against independent action-may be influenced by the structure of the environment, by the accessibility of information about the environment, and by managerial perceptions of the meaning of environmental information.1 William R. Dill is on the faculty of the Graduate School of Industrial Administration, Carnegie Institute of Technology.