Environmental Influences Research Articles

Carbon Dots: A Review with Focus on Sustainability.

Carbon dots (CDs) are an emerging class of nanomaterials with attractive optical properties, which promise to enable a variety of applications. An important and timely question is whether CDs can become a functional and sustainable alternative to incumbent optical nanomaterials, notably inorganic quantum dots. Herein, the current CD literature is comprehensively reviewed as regards to their synthesis and function, with a focus on sustainability aspects. The study quantifies why it is attractive that CDs can be synthesized with biomass as the sole starting material and be free from toxic and precious metals and critical raw materials. It further describes and analyzes employed pretreatment, chemical-conversion, purification, and processing procedures, and highlights current issues with the usage of solvents, the energy and material efficiency, and the safety and waste management. It is specially shown that many reported synthesis and processing methods are concerningly wasteful with the utilization of non-sustainable solvents and energy. It is finally recommended that future studies should explicitly consider and discuss the environmental influence of the selected starting material, solvents, and generated byproducts, and that quantitative information on the required amounts of solvents, consumables, and energy should be provided to enable an evaluation of the presented methods in an upscaled sustainability context.

Contextual awareness, response and evaluation (CARE) of diabetes in poor urban communities in Ghana: the CARE diabetes project qualitative study protocol

ABSTRACT Diabetes remains a major, global clinical and public health threat with consistent rises in prevalence around the world over the past four decades. Two-thirds of the projected increases in global diabetes prevalence to 2045 are expected to come from low- and middle-income countries, including those in sub-Saharan Africa. Ghana is typical of this trend. However, there are gaps in evidence regarding the appropriate development of interventions and well-targeted policies for diabetes prevention and treatment that pay due attention to relevant local conditions and influences. Due consideration to community perspectives of environmental influences on the causes of diabetes, access to appropriate health services and care seeking for diabetes prevention and management is warranted, especially in urban settings. The ‘Contextual Awareness, Response and Evaluation (CARE): Diabetes in Ghana’ project is a mixed methods study in Ga Mashie, Accra. An epidemiological survey is described elsewhere. Six qualitative studies utilising a range of methodologies are proposed in this protocol to generate a contextual understanding of type 2 diabetes mellitus in an urban poor population. They focus on community, care provider, and policy stakeholder perspectives with a focus on food markets and environmental influences, the demand and supply of health services, and the history of the Ga Mashie community and its inhabitants. The results will be shared with the community in Ga Mashie and with health policy stakeholders in Ghana and other settings where the findings may be usefully transferable for the development of community-based interventions for diabetes prevention and control.

Assessment of Genetic Variability and Component Relationship of Seed Yield and Its Contributing Traits in Greengram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)

After pigeonpea and chickpea, greengram is the third most significant pulse crop in Asia. Pulses are the primary source of protein needed to satisfy both the daily need and the daily consumption for a balanced diet. Pulses are essential to achieving the diet's protein requirements for humans. Because they are the least expensive type of protein, they are referred to as poor people's meat. It is the primary source of vital amino acids for India's vegetarian population. There are twenty genotypes of Greengram in this experiment, plus one check. Three replications of the experiment were carried out at RBD during the month of Zaid in 2023. Thirteen characters' worth of data were collected in order to investigate genetic advancement, variability, heritability, correlation, and path analysis. The majority of the traits under study have significant genetic diversity in the available germplasm, according to analysis of variance. According to the mean performance of grain yield and its constituents, CO-7 performed better than AMULYA, SML-20-10, and IPM-2-14. A detailed examination of the variability coefficients showed that there was no environmental influence on the expression of the traits under study, as evidenced by the small difference between PCV and GCV. For biological yield, number of pods per plant, and number of seed yield per plant, high to moderate estimations of GCV & PCV were noted. For the seed index, plant height, harvesting index, and quantity of seeds per pod, high estimates of heritability were noted. Since they are less affected by environmental factors and have a greater potential for genetic determination, high heritability estimates can be used for genetic improvement. For the seed index, number of branches per plant, and number of clusters per plant, low estimations of genetic advance were noted. According to correlation, plant height, major branches per plant, clusters per plant, pods per plant, biological yield, and harvest index all positively and significantly correlated with grain yield per plant. Path analysis revealed that plant height, cluster size per plant, biological yield, and harvest index have a direct impact on yield at both the phenotypic and genotypic levels. These characteristics are therefore acknowledged as the effective and prospective characteristics for direct selection in order to increase Greengram productivity in the current experimental materials.

Influence of Sedimentary Environments on Organic Matter Enrichment in Marine-Continental Transitional Shale: A Case Study of the Upper Permian Longtan Formation in the Central Hunan Depression, China

Influence of Sedimentary Environments on Organic Matter Enrichment in Marine-Continental Transitional Shale: A Case Study of the Upper Permian Longtan Formation in the Central Hunan Depression, China

Analisis Kepemimpinan, Lingkungan Kerja, dan Budaya Organisasi terhadap Kinerja Pegawai pada Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Bogor dengan Motivasi sebagai Variabel Moderating

This study aims to determine how the influence of Leadership, Work Environment and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance at the Regional Secretariat of Bogor Regency with Motivation as a Moderating Variable. The research focuses on human resource management with quantitative methods. The population in this study were all employees of the Regional Secretariat of Bogor Regency with a total of 533 people. The sampling method using the 5% slovin formula yielded 229 samples, with the proportion of 107 civil servants and 122 contract workers. Primary data was obtained using a questionnaire with a scale of 1-5. The data analysis method uses the Partial Least Square method with the SmartPLS version 4 application. The results of the study are Leadership (X1) has a significant positive effect on Performance (Y) at the Regional Secretariat of Bogor Regency, Work Environment (X2) has no effect on Performance (Y) at the Regional Secretariat Bogor Regency, Organizational Culture (X3) has a negative effect on Performance (Y) at the Regional Secretariat of Bogor Regency, Leadership (X1) has a significant negative effect on Performance (Y) moderated by motivation (X4) at the Regional Secretariat of Bogor Regency, Work environment (X2) has an effect significant negative effect on performance (Y) moderated by motivation (X4) at the Regional Secretariat of Bogor Regency, Organizational Culture (X3) has a significant positive effect on performance (Y) moderated by motivation (X4) at the Regional Secretariat of Bogor Regency.

Influence of residential physical environments on occupant experience: considering the moderating effects of indoor plants and climate zones

PurposeHome is a place/system/product that becomes increasingly occupied with various tasks used to be performed in workplaces. However, the knowledge of the relationship between residential physical environments and occupant experience is limited, especially when considering the effect of indoor plants (IPs) and climate zones. To address the gap, this study conducted a questionnaire survey in three cities across different regions in China.Design/methodology/approachBased on User Experience and Customer Satisfaction Index theory, following the research paradigm, a total of 627 valid samples were collected and analyzed in a stepwise statistical analysis, including descriptive statistics, reliability and validity test, correlation test and region comparison, then the model of PROCESS was adopted to examine the hypotheses that are given based on the former studies.FindingsThe results showed that residential physical environments have a significant effect on occupant satisfaction (OS) in all regions, as well as OS on occupant performance. However, regional differences were found that OS is a complete mediator in the Middle region, while a partial mediator in the North and South. A slight moderating effect of IPs was also found in the region of South. Nevertheless, both the number of plants and plant types have a significant moderating effect on the mechanism.Originality/valueBesides combining two theories and confirming the mechanism in the residential physical environment, it is also the first study to consider the moderating effects of IPs and climate zones, providing potential empirical support for not only design and management stages but also facing global challenges of working at home and climate changes.

Existential Humanistic Perspective on Depression and Anxiety: A Literature Study

This research aims to describe the Humanistic Existential Perspective on depression and anxiety. The literature study on this perspective highlights the complexity of human experience in dealing with mental challenges. Being in the World is a key concept in existential humanism that highlights the interaction between humans and their environment. Humans are not only physically in the world, but also actively involved in cultural, social, and environmental influences. In their existence, humans experience a wide range of experiences, including joy, suffering, anxiety, and the search for the meaning of life. This approach emphasizes the importance of existence, meaning of life, self-awareness, responsibility, freedom of choice, openness, and individual involvement in overcoming depression and anxiety. Depression is seen as related to feelings of loss of meaning in life and dissatisfaction with existence, while anxiety often arises from fear and uncertainty. The results of this study provide valuable insights into how an existential humanistic approach can assist individuals in dealing with the mental challenges of depression and anxiety.

Ecological assessment of microplastic contamination in surface water and commercially important edible fishes off Kadalundi estuary, Southwest coast of India.

This study focuses on the Kadalundi estuary, Kerala's first community reserve, investigating the prevalence and impacts of microplastics on both the estuarine environment and selected fish species. This study presents the initial evidence indicating the consumption of microplastic particles by 12 commercially important edible fish species inhabiting the Kadalundi estuary. Analysis revealed significant accumulations of microplastic fibers within the surface water. In examining 12 fish species from demersal and pelagic habitats, microplastics were found in both the gastrointestinal tracts and gills. In the digestive tracts, microplastic fragments constituted the highest proportion (46%), while in the gills, microplastic fibers were dominant (52.4%). This study observed a prevalence of blue microplastics over other colors in both water and fish samples. Notably, demersal species showed a higher incidence of ingested microplastics. Polymer analysis identified Polypropylene (PP), Nylon, Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE), Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene isotactic (iPP), PE 1 Octene copolymer, and Rayon in water samples, while fish samples predominantly contained LDPE, PP, PE, and Nylon. Risk assessment utilizing the Polymer Hazard Index (PHI) categorized certain polymers as posing minor to moderate risks. Pollution Load Index (PLI) computations indicated moderate to high levels of microplastic contamination across various sampling sites in the estuary. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed a lack of correlation between fish size and microplastic ingestion, underscoring environmental factors' influence on microplastic intake. The study emphasizes the implications of microplastic pollution on the fragile ecosystem of the Kadalundi estuary, posing potential risks to biodiversity and human health.

Unpacking the Relationship Between Online Student Engagement and Online Self-Regulation in Higher Education

Online student engagement refers to the level of students’ involvement and effort in online learning activities. Individuals with self-regulation skills actively and constructively set their goals and strategies based on their own knowledge, independent of environmental influences. However, research exploring the relationship between self-regulation and student engagement in online learning environments is limited. This study aimed to examine this relationship within online learning environments. The research utilized survey, causal-comparative, and correlational research models to address its questions. Participants included 660 bachelor’s degree students, and data was collected using an online student engagement scale and an online self-regulation skills scale. The findings indicated that both online self-regulation skills and online student engagement were at moderate levels. The study found that online student engagement did not significantly differ by gender. However, university students aged 25 and over had significantly higher online engagement than other age groups. Additionally, fourth-year university students exhibited significantly higher online involvement than students in other grade levels, and students from numeric fields demonstrated significantly higher online engagement compared to those from other fields. In terms of online self-regulation, there were no significant differences by age and grade level. Nevertheless, female students exhibited significantly higher self-regulation skills than male students, and students from numeric fields had significantly higher self-regulation skills than those from other fields. Moreover, the study found a significantly positive moderate correlation between online student engagement and online self-regulation skills. The findings also revealed that online self-regulation skills could explain 40.4% of the variance in online student engagement.

Fostering Safe Schools: Empowering Educators and Parents in the Fight Against Violence in Early Childhood Education Setting

Bullying was a concerning issue among pre-schoolers within kindergarten settings, though its definition remained debated. This research’s aim is to uncover the forms of bullying, its causes, and impacts on children, as well as the intervention programs implemented by early childhood education teachers. This research engaged 87 teachers in anti-violence training, collecting data via bullying worksheets and interviews with 18 preschool teachers. The results showed that in early childhood education, verbal bullying involved the use of degrading words, while physical bullying included actions that hurt the victim's body. Relational bullying impacted social exclusion, whereas emotional bullying focused on hurting the victim's feelings. Internal causes included aggressive tendencies and low social values, while external causes included negative environmental influences and upbringing. Victims experienced depression, isolation, and learning disorders. The abuser might lose empathy, have difficulty forming relationships, and show aggressive behavior in the future. Teachers communicated openly with perpetrators and victims to help understand the root causes of behavior and provide emotional support. Follow-up actions taken by early childhood education institutions included counseling, developing empathy and social skills, strengthening positive values, and creating a safe environment. Parental involvement through education and open communication was also an important factor in creating a conducive environment for positive child development and preventing bullying.

Analysis of the Influence of Leadership Style, Work Environment and Work Motivation on Employee Performance at CV SIPRA Furniture

Employee performance is a factor has an impact on the work system in an organization or company, and also an indicator of whether a company entity is good or not. In order to minimize the negative impact of employee performance, several factors are needed, including leadership style, work environment, and employee work motivation so that the company can be optimal. This study aims to analyze the influence of leadership style, work environment, and work motivation on employee performance at CV SIPRA Furniture Jepara. This type of research is descriptive quantitative, with a sample size of 47 respondents. The sampling technique uses a census (all population), the data analysis method uses multiple regression analysis using the SPSS application tool. The research results show that leadership style and work environment have a significant positive effect on employee performance, while work motivation variables do not have a significant effect on employee performance.

Analysis of the Influence of Leadership Style, Work Environment and Work Motivation on Employee Performance at CV SIPRA Furniture

Employee performance is a factor has an impact on the work system in an organization or company, and also an indicator of whether a company entity is good or not. In order to minimize the negative impact of employee performance, several factors are needed, including leadership style, work environment, and employee work motivation so that the company can be optimal. This study aims to analyze the influence of leadership style, work environment, and work motivation on employee performance at CV SIPRA Furniture Jepara. This type of research is descriptive quantitative, with a sample size of 47 respondents. The sampling technique uses a census (all population), the data analysis method uses multiple regression analysis using the SPSS application tool. The research results show that leadership style and work environment have a significant positive effect on employee performance, while work motivation variables do not have a significant effect on employee performance.

Modern Management of Cardiometabolic Continuum: From Overweight/Obesity to Prediabetes/Type2 Diabetes Mellitus. Recommendations from the Eastern and Southern Europe Diabetes and Obesity Expert Group.

The increasing global incidence of obesity and type2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) underscores the urgency of addressing these interconnected health challenges. Obesity enhances genetic and environmental influences on T2D, being not only a primary risk factor but also exacerbating its severity. The complex mechanisms linking obesity and T2D involve adiposity-driven changes in β-cell function, adipose tissue functioning, and multi-organ insulin resistance (IR). Early detection and tailored treatment of T2D and obesity are crucial to mitigate future complications. Moreover, personalized and early intensified therapy considering the presence of comorbidities can delay disease progression and diminish the risk of cardiorenal complications. Employing combination therapies and embracing a disease-modifying strategy are paramount. Clinical trials provide evidence confirming the efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs). Their use is associated with substantial and durable body weight reduction, exceeding 15%, and improved glucose control which further translate into T2D prevention, possible disease remission, and improvement of cardiometabolic risk factors and associated complications. Therefore, on the basis of clinical experience and current evidence, the Eastern and Southern Europe Diabetes and Obesity Expert Group recommends a personalized, polymodal approach (comprising GLP-1 RAs) tailored to individual patient's disease phenotype to optimize diabetes and obesity therapy. We also expect that the increasing availability of dual GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) agonists will significantly contribute to the modern management of the cardiometabolic continuum.

Advancing Understanding of Chemical Exposures and Maternal-child Health Through the U.S. Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program: A Scoping Review.

Environmental chemical exposures may disrupt child development, with long-lasting health impacts. To date, U.S. studies of early environmental exposures have been limited in size and diversity, hindering power and generalizability. With harmonized data from over 60,000 participants representing 69 pregnancy cohorts, the National Institutes of Health's Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program is the largest study of U.S. children's health. Here, we: (1) review ECHO-wide studies of chemical exposures and maternal-child health; and (2) outline opportunities for future research using ECHO data. As of early 2024, in addition to over 200 single-cohort (or award) papers on chemical exposures supported by ECHO, ten collaborative multi-cohort papers have been made possible by ECHO data harmonization and new data collection. Multi-cohort papers have examined prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), phthalates, phenols and parabens, organophosphate esters (OPEs), metals, melamine and aromatic amines, and emerging contaminants. They have primarily focused on describing patterns of maternal exposure or examining associations with maternal and infant outcomes; fewer studies have examined later child outcomes (e.g., autism) although follow up of enrolled ECHO children continues. The NICHD's Data and Specimen Hub (DASH) database houses extensive ECHO data including over 470,000 chemical assay results and complementary data on priority outcome areas (pre, peri-, and postnatal, airway, obesity, neurodevelopment, and positive health), making it a rich resource for future analyses. ECHO's extensive data repository, including biomarkers of chemical exposures, can be used to advance our understanding of environmental influences on children's health. Although few published studies have capitalized on these unique harmonized data to date, many analyses are underway with data now widely available.

Five years of change in adult twins: longitudinal changes of genetic and environmental influence on epigenetic clocks

BackgroundEpigenetic clocks were known as promising biomarkers of aging, including original clocks trained by individual CpG sites and principal component (PC) clocks trained by PCs of CpG sites. The effects of genetic and environmental factors on epigenetic clocks are still unclear, especially for PC clocks.MethodsWe constructed univariate twin models in 477 same-sex twin pairs from the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR) to estimate the heritability of five epigenetic clocks (GrimAge, PhenoAge, DunedinPACE, PCGrimAge, and PCPhenoAge). Besides, we investigated the longitudinal changes of genetic and environmental influences on epigenetic clocks across 5 years in 134 same-sex twin pairs.ResultsHeritability of epigenetic clocks ranged from 0.45 to 0.70, and those for PC clocks were higher than those for original clocks. For five epigenetic clocks, the longitudinal stability was moderate to high and was largely due to genetic effects. The genetic correlations between baseline and follow-up epigenetic clocks were moderate to high. Special unique environmental factors emerged both at baseline and at follow-up. PC clocks showed higher longitudinal stability and unique environmental correlations than original clocks.ConclusionsFor five epigenetic clocks, they have the potential to identify aging interventions. High longitudinal stability is mainly due to genetic factors, and changes of epigenetic clocks over time are primarily due to changes in unique environmental factors. Given the disparities in genetic and environmental factors as well as longitudinal stability between PC and original clocks, the results of studies with original clocks need to be further verified with PC clocks.

Advancing Understanding of Chemical Exposures and Maternal-child Health Through the U.S. Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program: A Scoping Review.

Environmental chemical exposures may disrupt child development, with long-lasting health impacts. To date, U.S. studies of early environmental exposures have been limited in size and diversity, hindering power and generalizability. With harmonized data from over 60,000 participants representing 69 pregnancy cohorts, the National Institutes of Health's Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program is the largest study of U.S. children's health. Here, we: (1) review ECHO-wide studies of chemical exposures and maternal-child health; and (2) outline opportunities for future research using ECHO data. As of early 2024, in addition to over 200 single-cohort (or award) papers on chemical exposures supported by ECHO, ten collaborative multi-cohort papers have been made possible by ECHO data harmonization and new data collection. Multi-cohort papers have examined prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), phthalates, phenols and parabens, organophosphate esters (OPEs), metals, melamine and aromatic amines, and emerging contaminants. They have primarily focused on describing patterns of maternal exposure or examining associations with maternal and infant outcomes; fewer studies have examined later child outcomes (e.g., autism) although follow up of enrolled ECHO children continues. The NICHD's Data and Specimen Hub (DASH) database houses extensive ECHO data including over 470,000 chemical assay results and complementary data on priority outcome areas (pre, peri-, and postnatal, airway, obesity, neurodevelopment, and positive health), making it a rich resource for future analyses. ECHO's extensive data repository, including biomarkers of chemical exposures, can be used to advance our understanding of environmental influences on children's health. Although few published studies have capitalized on these unique harmonized data to date, many analyses are underway with data now widely available.

Heritability of sudden cardiac death in Thoroughbred racehorses.

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is an important cause of exercise-associated fatalities in Thoroughbred racehorses. Equine deaths share similarities with fatalities in human athletes that result from inherited cardiac disease. Whilst genetic causes have been postulated in horses, these have not been confirmed and heritability of SCD has not previously been estimated in Thoroughbred racehorses. To determine the heritability of SCD in a sample population of Thoroughbred racehorses. Retrospective case-control study. Steward and post-mortem reports of Thoroughbred racehorses in Australia between 2007 and 2020 were reviewed to identify horses with SCD. Control horses were randomly selected from races in which SCD occurred or from races on the date of the case fatality. A five-generation integrated pedigree chart was collected for each horse. Estimates of heritability were obtained using an animal model in the ASReml-R program with variance components estimated assuming SCD was normally distributed, and on the logit transformed scale. Inbreeding coefficients were calculated and the risk of producing SCD-affected progeny was calculated for stallions that sired ≥5 individuals in the case-control population. Ninety-three horses with SCD and 465 control horses were identified. Heritability on the underlying scale was 0.15 ± 0.09 (logit animal) and 0.24 ± 0.12 (normal animal). Inbreeding coefficients were not significantly different between groups. Of the 16 first generation sires that appeared ≥5 times in the case-control data set, two sires more frequently produced affected progeny (OR 7.95-10.41). Challenges in definitively confirming SCD may lead to misclassification of some cases. Some control horses may have not been exposed to environmental influences of SCD. Case numbers are low and the studied population may not represent the entire Thoroughbred genetic pool. The heritability of SCD in this population was relatively low. However, individual stallions appear more likely to produce affected progeny. Further studies are required to understand the genetic and environmental influences that contribute to disease expression.

Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Mortar Generated by using Lunar Soil Simulant

This study investigates the mechanical properties of mortar produced using lunar soil simulant, with the aim of assessing its suitability for construction in extraterrestrial habitats. Various tests including fineness test, specific gravity, standard consistency and compressive test were conduct to evaluate the performance of the mortar. Factor such as particle size distribution, binder type, curing conditions and environmental influences were scrutinized to gain comprehensive insights into the material’s suitability for construction purposes. The findings provide insights into the feasibility of utilizing lunar soil simulant based mortar for future space missions and lunar colonization efforts

Acne treatment: research progress and new perspectives

Acne is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that primarily affects adolescents and is attributed to various factors, including hormonal changes, genetic predisposition, and environmental influences. It typically manifests in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, chest, and back. Symptoms of acne can range from mild to severe and may present as pimples, pustules, nodules, cysts, and scarring. The appearance of acne can significantly impact both the physical and mental well-being of patients, potentially leading to feelings of anxiety, depression, and social withdrawal. The pathogenesis of acne is multifaceted involving genetic predisposition as well as environmental factors such as hormonal imbalances, inflammation, abnormal follicular sebaceous unit keratinization, proliferation of follicular microorganisms like Propionibacterium acnes, increased sebum production, and dietary influences. Traditional treatment methods for acne include topical drug therapy, oral drug therapy, photoelectric therapy, and chemical peeling. With ongoing research into the pathogenesis of acne, treatment methods are rapidly evolving with novel antibiotics, probiotics, biological agents, topical anti-androgen drugs, topical vitamin A acid metabolism blockers, antimicrobial peptides, immunotherapy, micro-needling, and micro-needling patches. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of recent advancements in acne treatment.

INDIVIDUALIZED MEDICINE: REVOLUTIONIZING HEALTHCARE WITH TAILORED THERAPIES

Individualized medicine is changing the way as we approach the healthcare by customizing the medical treatments to fit each person's unique genetic makeup, environmental influences, and to lifestyle choices. This concept focuses on the idea of that every patient is unique, but with genetic differences that influence their health and how they respond to the treatments. By using advanced technologies such as genomics (the study of genes and their functions), proteomics (the study of proteins and their functions), and the detailed patient data, precision medicine allows doctors to identify an specific genetic markers and molecular causes of diseases. With this information, the healthcare providers can create personalized treatment plans that target the exact causes of an illnesses, making the treatments more effective and reducing the side effects. We already have seen the benefits of precision medicine in the cancer treatment, where specific therapies designed to target specific genetic mutations have significantly improved patient outcomes. However, the potential of precision medicine extends far beyond the oncology. It could revolutionize the treatment of heart diseases, neurological disorders, rare genetic conditions, and many other health issues. Despite its promise, the precision medicine faces challenges like ensuring data security, addressing the ethical concerns, and providing equal access to such advanced treatments. Nevertheless, the future of the precision medicine looks bright. It aims to create a healthcare system that is more focused on the individual patients, providing treatments tailored to each person's unique biology and requirement. This approach is expected to lead to a more better health outcomes with a higher quality of life for many people.