Influence Of Economic Factors Research Articles

How Can Economic Factors Influence the Tourism Demand in The Economy? A Panel Data Analysis of South Asian Countries

How Can Economic Factors Influence the Tourism Demand in The Economy? A Panel Data Analysis of South Asian Countries

ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF LAND IN THE SARATOV TRANS-VOLGA REGION WHEN INVOLVING UNUSED ARABLE LAND IN PRODUCTION

ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF LAND IN THE SARATOV TRANS-VOLGA REGION WHEN INVOLVING UNUSED ARABLE LAND IN PRODUCTION

Influence of economic factors on feacal emptying, conveyance and disposal:

Safe management of faecal waste is one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which envisions safe sanitation for all. However, although efforts to improve sanitation conditions in slums have been made, faecal emptying, conveyance and disposal still remain a challenge endangering the health of the public. The study examined the influence of economic factors on faecal emptying, conveyance and disposal in on-site sanitation facilities in Meru slums. A convergent design with a mixed methods approach was adopted. Quantitative data was collected using structured questionnaires from a sample of 228 household heads selected using cluster and proportionate simple random sampling techniques. Correlation and regression analysis was carried out to ascertain the association between emptying, conveyance and disposal of faecal waste and the economic factors. Qualitative data was gathered using focus group discussion participants with eight (8) who included four (4) pit operators, 3 household heads and 1 Public Health Officer (PHO) and results analyzed thematically. Findings showed that only 31% of slum dwellers emptied latrine pits and that manual emptying was more common (84%) than mechanical emptying because of its cost efficiency, reliability and the effectiveness in handling plastics, glasses, metal pieces, diapers and sanitary pads contained in pits. Increased cost constrained faecal emptying, conveyance, and disposal (r=0.499, p-value=0.000). Residents who were able to pay for faecal handling services were more likely to practice hygienic faecal emptying, conveyance, and disposal (r=0.524, p-value=0.000). Low level of income for majority of slum dwellers influenced the design of the latrines adopted. Emptying faeces from poorly designed pit latrines was more expensive due to operators’ safety concerns. The study concluded that the inability to meet the costs associated with faecal emptying, conveyance and disposal services facilitated poor sanitation status in slums. There is need to sensitize the slum community on the benefits of practicing safe management of faecal waste. The study recommended development of government policies to regulate mechanical emptying conveyance and disposal of faecal matter.

International trademark protection strength: 1990–2020

AbstractThis paper presents a pioneering study that addresses the insufficient attention given to trademark rights in current indices that evaluate the protection of intellectual property rights (IPRs). Our study sets itself apart from previous measures by defining the strength of trademark protection as the level of applicant friendliness within a country's trademark system. We introduce the innovative trademark protection strength (TPS) index, which focuses on 78 countries spanning from 1990 to 2020. Drawing on established theoretical components of the patent system, we deconstruct the TPS index into four distinct dimensions: international mechanisms, legislation, enforcement and administration. Our findings reveal the growth and subsequent stabilisation of global trademark protection strength, with reduced disparities observed after 2005. Importantly, we identify variations in improvement rates among countries with different income levels, thereby highlighting the influence of economic factors. By providing a detailed methodology and transparent construction of the TPS index, we ensure its replicability and potential for future expansion. The index's objective data and extended coverage facilitate the examination of various configurations of IPR systems, policy designs and their impact on the global economy.

Predictive Modeling of Fire Incidence Using Deep Neural Networks

To achieve successful prevention of fire incidents originating from human activities, it is imperative to possess a thorough understanding. This paper introduces a machine learning approach, specifically utilizing deep neural networks (DNN), to develop predictive models for fire occurrence in Keelung City, Taiwan. It investigates ten factors across demographic, architectural, and economic domains through spatial analysis and thematic maps generated from geographic information system data. These factors are then integrated as inputs for the DNN model. Through 50 iterations, performance indices including the coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), variance accounted for (VAF), prediction interval (PI), mean absolute error (MAE), weighted index (WI), weighted mean absolute percentage error (WMAPE), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NS), and the ratio of performance to deviation (RPD) are computed, with average values of 0.89, 7.30 × 10−2, 89.21, 1.63, 4.90 × 10−2, 0.97, 2.92 × 10−1, 0.88, and 4.84, respectively. The model’s predictions, compared with historical data, demonstrate its efficacy. Additionally, this study explores the impact of various urban renewal strategies using the DNN model, highlighting the significant influence of economic factors on fire incidence. This underscores the importance of economic factors in mitigating fire incidents and emphasizes their consideration in urban renewal planning.

IMPACT OF ECONOMIC FACTORS ON DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION PROCESSES IN ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION

The influence of economic factors on the design and construction processes in the architecture and construction industry is under consideration and theoretically underpinned. The following aspects (factors of influence) were found to be among the economic problems faced by Ukrainian architects, developers and urban planners. Design and construction costs are the first problematic and applied area. The general classification of design and construction costs has been presented. It is noted that a project can be made more affordable and efficient through effective project cost management and finding ways to optimise costs. The economic feasibility of using the latest technologies is the second area of concern and application. The authors argue that the introduction of modern technologies such as BIM (Building Information Modelling), 3D printing in architecture and intelligent systems in buildings often faces economic barriers. However, by increasing process efficiency and reducing time and financial costs, they believe these technologies can be cost effective in the long term. Another problematic, applied area is energy efficiency. It has been noted that energy efficiency in construction requires up-front investment that can significantly reduce future building maintenance costs. Both the long-term savings and the improvement in the quality of operation of the facilities should be taken into account when assessing the profitability of such investments. It has been found that there are a number of ways to optimise the activities of a construction company. One of these ways is to implement an energy saving strategy in the company. This strategy consists of several stages. The first stage, based on the parameters of the company’s energy status, is to formulate a set of objectives. This means calculating and setting targets for reducing the energy consumed and improving energy efficiency. The second stage is the planning and implementation of a series of measures to save energy in the building. These may include the installation of energy-saving equipment, the modernisation of heating and air-conditioning systems, the introduction of energy-efficient technologies in the construction process, the integration of energy-saving management systems, etc. The third step is to monitor the energy-saving processes. This includes systematic analysis and evaluation of the results of the implemented measures, monitoring energy consumption, identifying and eliminating potential problems. According to the authors, intensifying the introduction of new energy-saving technologies is the innovative component of a construction company’s energy-saving activities. It is also important to develop scientifically based means of organising and managing the energy saving process in construction. The fourth problematic and applied area is the development and implementation of cost-effective norms and standards. It should be noted that improving the quality of design and construction, as well as improving economic performance by optimising the use of resources, can be achieved by updating the regulations and standards governing construction and architectural processes through the integration of new knowledge and technologies. In particular, the cost of running construction projects can be optimised by considering economic parameters in the development of norms and standards.

ПЕДАГОГИКА БУДУЩЕГО: ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ТРЕНДЫ В ОБРАЗОВАНИИ НОВОГО ПОКОЛЕНИЯ

The paper examines the influence of economic factors on the development of education in the context of global changes and the requirements of modern society. The author analyzes current economic trends and their impact on the formation of educational strategies, methods and approaches. Special attention is paid to the transition to the digital economy, the growing importance of information skills and technological literacy. The issues of financing education, accessibility of quality education for all segments of the population, as well as the impact of global competition on educational programs and innovations are also considered.

Economic Factors influencing Brain Flight Intention among Medical Doctors in Federal Tertiary Healthcare Institutions, South-South, Nigeria

This study was conducted to assess the influence of economic factors on brain flight intention of medical doctors in federal tertiary healthcare institutions, south-south, Nigeria.

Գովազդի տնտեսական ազդեցությունը սպառողի վարքագծի վրա / The Economic Impact of Advertising on Consumer Behavior

The purpose of the scientific article is to assess the economic impact of advertising on consumer behavior. In order to achieve the mentioned goal, the following tasks were proposed within the framework of the scientific article: to study the economic aspects of advertising, as well as the economic and psychological factors affecting consumer behavior, to analyze the factors affecting the effectiveness of advertising and to evaluate the influence of economic factors on the effectiveness of advertising campaigns.

Impact Analysis of Economic Factors, Education, and Access to Resources on Income Gap in Yogyakarta

This research delves into the intricate dynamics of income inequality in Yogyakarta, focusing on the interplay of Access to Resources, Economic Factors, Education, and the resulting Income Gap. Utilizing a quantitative approach, the study employs Structural Equation Modeling to analyze data collected from a diverse sample. The findings reveal significant relationships between these socio-economic variables, shedding light on the nuanced factors contributing to income disparities. Access to Resources emerges as a pivotal factor, alongside the influence of Economic Factors and the mitigating effect of Education. The results carry profound policy implications, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to enhance resource accessibility, foster inclusive economic development, and promote educational opportunities. This research contributes to the broader discourse on income inequality, offering actionable insights for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners invested in creating a more equitable socio-economic landscape in Yogyakarta.

ECONOMIC BOOM AND FINANCIAL RECESSION—WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS ON RELOCATION PATTERNS FOR OLDER ADULTS?

Abstract While previous research shows that older adults choose to relocate to a different home for numerous reasons (e.g., changes in the household composition, health decline), little is known about the influence of economic factors. The economic situation on aggregated level can influence the individual in more ways than by consumer demand and income, for example, financial crisis, fluctuating housing prices, and more general uncertainties about the future. Representing a novel approach, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of macroeconomic events on relocation rates among older adults in Sweden. We used high quality panel data from Swedish registers, based on a random sample made 1994 with 300,000 individuals. Data was analyzed from 1970-2016 using a repeated cross-sectional design. Preliminary results show that the number of relocations was volatile the first year of a financial crisis. Depending on the characteristics of the crisis, the number of relocations decreased or increased; crises that are less connected to the property market had a reduction in number of relocations. This effect was observed for 1-2 years and stabilized to “normal levels” in the subsequent years. Especially high volatility was observed for the older age groups (75-84 and 85-90), which could be because they have a shorter time horizon for investment planning and great need to transfer housing wealth to liquidity. Knowledge in this field enables policymakers to plan housing investment, and negative shocks to the economy may lead to short term impacts on the housing market for older adults.

EVOLUŢIA POLITICĂ ŞI ECONOMICĂ A OLTENIEI ÎN A DOUA JUMĂTATE A SECOLULUI AL XIX-LEA

In the second half of the 19th century, Oltenia experienced important political and economic developments. The cities of Oltenia grew from a demographic point of view, under the influence of economic factors, becoming real political, administrative, military and cultural centers. The modernization process was slow, because the great nobility, which represented a decision-making factor in the political and economic life of the region, argued that agriculture should remain the basic economic branch of Oltenia. During the reign of Alexandru Ioan Cuza (1859-1866), Oltenia asserted itself as an important political and economic nucleus, joining the program of modernization of society proposed by the ruler. Later, Oltenia was in the middle of the military events of 1877-1878, the soldiers from Oltenia constituting a dynamic presence during the entire period of the war, in the struggle of the Romanian nation to conquer independence. Towards the end of the 19th century, the cities of Oltenia turned to the forms of commercial capitalism, while the peasantry went through an extensive process of impoverishment.

Economic Impact on the Work of UX/UI Designers on Digital Services

The purpose of the work. The article examines the influence of the business model of such digital products as paid, conditionally free, and free services for forming the architecture of UX/UI design of Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, Twitter; Audible, SoundCloud and Spotify; Apple Music, YouTube Music, and Mighty Network. The research methodology consists in the application of such research methods as description, analysis and synthesis, generalisation, comparison, and content analysis. The description method made it possible to determine the essence of UX/UI design. The method of analysis and synthesis was applied to reflect the main economic factors affecting UX/UI design. The comparison method was used to compare the main methods of manipulation in UX/UI design. The generalisation method was used to summarise the results. The method of content analysis was applied to display the use of manipulations on different pages in the virtual space. The scientific novelty of the work is that the influence of economic factors on the work of UX/UI designers on digital services was investigated for the first time. The understanding of UX/UI design has been improved. The understanding of the fact that services have an emotional and psychological impact on the user in order to encourage them to take certain actions, such as purchasing a service, has been improved. Conclusions. The current methods of user manipulation in UX/UI design have been established and systematised. On a scale from 1 to 5, where 1 is the softest manipulative methods that can only delay or distract the user for only a short period of time, and 5 is the most severe manipulation methods that have an impact on the emotional and psychological state of the user. It has been determined that free services have more technologies for manipulation than conditionally free services. Paid services do not have pronounced features of manipulation, but they stimulate the user to make a certain purchase. Accordingly, services use such methods of manipulation as methods of interference, interface interference and annoyance, emotional and psychological influence. Keywords: UX/UI design, interface, digital services, digital products, social network, business model.

Europe’s defence industry: current challenges and possible ways of development

The main trends in the integration of the defence industry of European countries for the period 1990-2023 are considered. Some factors influencing the development of the European defence industry in the context of regional tensions on the European continent are highlighted. The level of ambitions of European countries and the influence of economic factors on them are analyzed. The research results indicate that there is a gradual integration of the European defence technological and industrial bases (EDTIB). Nevertheless, the author comes to the conclusion that in some issues the relative fragmentation of the defence industry and the duplication of certain weapons systems will remain.

Vietnamese Postgraduate Students’ Choices for Higher Education: Exploring How Marketing and Communication, Social, and Economic Factors Influence Their Decision-Making

Vietnamese Postgraduate Students’ Choices for Higher Education: Exploring How Marketing and Communication, Social, and Economic Factors Influence Their Decision-Making

The influence of economic factors on the formation and development of banking law in the Austrian monarchy (second half of the 18th - mid-19th centuries)

The article analyzes the influence of economic factors on the formation and development of banking law in the Austrian monarchy (second half of the 18th - mid-19th centuries). It is noted that at the beginning of the 18th century. Austria was an agrarian country with a typical medieval economy, unadapted to changing realities, with weak fiscal and tax systems. The lack of reforms, excessive spending on the army, low tax revenues led to a constant increase in debt. The emerging situation forced the Austrian imperial court to seek answers to complex economic issues.
 It was established that the solution to the economic problems of the state took place within the framework of scientific discussions of the Austrian economic school, the roots of which go back to the 15th century. At first, its representatives were mainly Dominicans and Jesuits, teachers of theology in universities, who were the main centers of philosophical thought of that time. They substantiated cause-and-effect relationships, discovered and explained the laws of supply and demand, the causes of inflation, the subjective nature of economic value, etc. Austrian economists were defenders of property rights and free trade, and opposed price controls and restrictions that stifled entrepreneurship. The huge number of monetary transactions carried out on the Austrian market could not be fully regulated if the money accumulated by banks through deposits was not used.
 Itis shown that one of theimportant achievements of economists of the XVII-XVIII centuries. the introduction of a dynamic concept of competition, which is understood as an entrepreneurial process of rivalry, which moves the market and accelerates the development of civilization. This idea formed the basis of the Austrian market theory. Another fundamental element of Austrian economic thought was the principle of time superiority, according to which present goods, other things being equal, are valued higher than future ones.
 It was determined that banking activity in the Austrian monarchy was determined by the economic situation and directly depended on the political situation. The numerous wars that Austria waged during the period under study had a negative impact on the country's financial condition, forcing the government to take loans both from other states and from its own rich citizens. The period of the middle of the XVIII - the beginning of the XIX centuries. in the Habsburg monarchy was characterized by the instability of the financial system and the banking sector in particular. At that time, the regulation of the legal foundations of banking activity and the creation of the National Bank of Austria, designed to promote financial stability and economic development, occurred. However, the banking legislation had a number of shortcomings, the elimination of which fell on the second half of the 19th century.

Impacts of COVID-19 on the Return of Sustainable Stocks of Thailand

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of Covid-19 pandemic and vaccination on the sustainable stock price in the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) which be controlled by economic factors (as consumer price index and exchange rate) Method: This paper employs Panel Autoregressive Distribution Lag model. These panel data were collected from the 93 sustainable stocks in SET during January 2017 to September 2022. Results: The empirical results reveal that the COVID-19 pandemic caused the decline of the stock price, while the vaccination caused of the price increasing. In addition, the exchange rate depreciation also pushed the stock price and consumer price index (CPI) increasing pull the price down. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed the influences of a terrible incident as an obstacle for the economic sector at the global level, i.e., the COVID-19 pandemic and its solutions/vaccines, and the influences of economic factors affecting the prices in the sustainable stock group. Therefore, the use of measures to promote vaccination would reflect the investors’ confidence in sustainable stocks.

Determinants of Girl Child Access to Primary School Education in Dadaab Sub-County, Kenya

Educating a girl child is one of the best ways not only to enhance gender equality but also foster community and family development and economic growth. This study investigated selected factors that determine girl child access to primary school education in Dadaab Sub County. The objectives of the study were to determine the influence of economic factors on girl child access to primary schools in Dadaab Sub-County, Kenya. Descriptive survey design was adopted that encompassed both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The study targeted 30 primary schools, 30 head-teachers, 30 BoM chairpersons, and 120 teachers in Dadaab Sub- County, Kenya. Purposive sampling method was deployed to choose 9 head teachers 60 primary teachers and 9 Board of Management chairpersons. Semi-structured questionnaires and interview guide were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics involving mean were used to analyze data. Pearson correlation was used to test hypotheses involving quantitative data from close ended questionnaires. Thematic analysis was used for analyzing qualitative data from interviews. The study concludes that economic factors have a statistically low significant and positive effect on access of girls to primary education in Dadaab sub county (p<0.01; r = 0.468), the effect of socio-cultural factors on access of girls to primary education in Dadaab sub county is positive and statistically significant (p-value =0.000; r=0.487), security factors have a statistical positively low significant effect on access of girls to primary education in Dadaab sub county (p<0.01; r = 0.541), and school management practices have a statistically low significant and positive effect on access of girls to primary education in Dadaab sub county (p<0.01; r = 0.646). The recommendations are that the schoos’ management should be offered training on practices to foster girl-child access to education.

Does the Funding of the Defence Sector Depend on Economic Factors in the Long Run? The Cases of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania

The purpose of this publication is to study the dependence of defence funding on economic factors, namely the prosperity of the country, economic growth, the budget deficit, gross government debt, and inflation rate. The investigation uses secondary data obtained from the Eurostat database and covers the period from 1997 to 2021. The author analyses three Baltic countries such as Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, to ascertain which economic factors have a statistically significant effect on defence sector funding. For this purpose, the author applies correlation analysis and automatic linear modelling (ALM). The findings of the investigation showed differences and similarities between the countries under consideration. In the case of Estonia, defence funding is significantly affected by the prosperity of the country, which is expressed in real GDP per capita, and gross government debt. These economic factors explain 92.6 per cent of defence funding. The cases of Latvia and Lithuania are very similar in terms of the influence of economic factors on defence spending. In these countries, the tendencies of real GDP per capita significantly effect on defence funding. This influence is slightly different and amounts to 76.2 and 78.4 per cent, for Latvia and Lithuania, respectively. The insights of the research can be useful to the governments of these nations when making decisions about defence funding aimed at ensuring security in the Baltic region.

A 10-Year Analysis of Housing Prices and The Influence of Economic Factors in Turkey

Abstract In Turkey, the housing market is affected by various factors, and housing prices are shaped according to current conditions. In this study, the relationship between the housing price index (HPI) and economic variables (inflation and exchange rate) in Turkey was investigated. We used a 10-year time period for this study, from January-2010 to December-2019, with monthly data frequency. For our research, we employ the Wavelet Coherence Transformation (WCT) method. The results show that there is a positive relationship between inflation and housing prices in the short and long run. In addition, a continuous rise in inflation led to an increase in housing prices all over the period from 2010 to 2019. The findings of this study can aid in achieving the goal of the research by offering evidence-based perceptions of how housing prices and different economic variables are related. Housing costs in Turkey increased as a result of the substantial likelihood that the Turkish lira would weaken. The expansion of global inflation is a further anticipated factor contributing to the rise in housing costs in Turkey. This study can also be used by investors to help them decide whether to engage in the Turkish real estate industry.