Influence Of Different Lighting Conditions Research Articles

Effect of Light Conditions, Trichoderma Fungi and Food Polymers on Growth and Profile of Biologically Active Compounds in Thymus vulgaris and Thymus serpyllum.

The research investigates the influence of different lighting conditions and soil treatments, in particular the application of food polymers separately and in combination with spores of Trichoderma consortium, on the growth and development of herbs-Thymus vulgaris and Thymus serpyllum. The metabolic analysis focuses on detecting changes in the levels of biologically active compounds such as chlorophyll a and b, anthocyanins, carotenoids, phenolic compounds (including flavonoids), terpenoids, and volatile organic compounds with potential health-promoting properties. By investigating these factors, the study aims to provide insights into how environmental conditions affect the growth and chemical composition of selected plants and to shed light on potential strategies for optimising the cultivation of these herbs for the improved quality and production of bioactive compounds. Under the influence of additional lighting, the growth of T. vulgaris and T. serpyllum seedlings was greatly accelerated, resulting in an increase in shoot biomass and length, and in the case of T. vulgaris, an increase in carotenoid and anthocyanin contents. Regarding secondary metabolites, the most pronounced changes were observed in total antioxidant capacity and flavonoid content, which increased significantly under the influence of additional lighting. The simultaneous or separate application of Trichoderma and food polymers resulted in an increase in flavonoid content in the leaves of both Thymus species. The increase in terpenoid content under supplemental light appears to be related to the presence of Trichoderma spores as well as food polymers added to the soil. However, the nature of these changes depends on the thyme species. Volatile compounds were analysed using an electronic nose (E-nose). Eight volatile compounds (VOCs) were tentatively identified in the vapours of T. vulgaris and T. serpyllum: α-pinene, myrcene, α-terpinene, γ-terpinene; 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol), thymol, carvacrol, and eugenol. Tendencies to increase the percentage of thymol and γ-terpinene under supplemental lighting were observed. The results also demonstrate a positive effect of food polymers and, to a lesser extent, Trichoderma fungi on the synthesis of VOCs with health-promoting properties. The effect of Trichoderma and food polymers on individual VOCs was positive in some cases for thymol and γ-terpinene.

The Impact of Light Conditions on Neural Affect Classification: A Deep Learning Approach

Understanding and detecting human emotions is crucial for enhancing mental health, cognitive performance and human–computer interactions. This field in affective computing is relatively unexplored, and gaining knowledge about which external factors impact emotions could enhance communication between users and machines. Furthermore, it could also help us to manage affective disorders or understand affective physiological responses to human spatial and digital environments. The main objective of the current study was to investigate the influence of external stimulation, specifically the influence of different light conditions, on brain activity while observing affect-eliciting pictures and their classification. In this context, a multichannel electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded in 30 participants as they observed images from the Nencki Affective Picture System (NAPS) database in an art-gallery-style Virtual Reality (VR) environment. The elicited affect states were classified into three affect classes within the two-dimensional valence–arousal plane. Valence (positive/negative) and arousal (high/low) values were reported by participants on continuous scales. The experiment was conducted in two experimental conditions: a warm light condition and a cold light condition. Thus, three classification tasks arose with regard to the recorded brain data: classification of an affect state within a warm-light condition, classification of an affect state within a cold light condition, and warm light vs. cold light classification during observation of affect-eliciting images. For all classification tasks, Linear Discriminant Analysis, a Spatial Filter Model, a Convolutional Neural Network, the EEGNet, and the SincNet were compared. The EEGNet architecture performed best in all tasks. It could significantly classify three affect states with 43.12% accuracy under the influence of warm light. Under the influence of cold light, no model could achieve significant results. The classification between visual stimulus with warm light vs. cold light could be classified significantly with 76.65% accuracy from the EEGNet, well above any other machine learning or deep learning model. No significant differences could be detected between affect recognition in different light conditions, but the results point towards the advantage of gradient-based learning methods for data-driven experimental designs for the problem of affect decoding from EEG, providing modern tools for affective computing in digital spaces. Moreover, the ability to discern externally driven affective states through deep learning not only advances our understanding of the human mind but also opens avenues for developing innovative therapeutic interventions and improving human–computer interaction.

Sun and shade galls of Clinodiplosis profusa (Cecidomyiidae) on Eugenia uniflora (Myrtaceae): Are there differences in their establishment and growth?

Gall-inducing insects stimulate their host plants, leading to the formation of distinct structures, such as the fusiform galls induced by Clinodiplosis profusa Maia, 2001 (Cecidomyiidae) on leaves of Eugenia uniflora L. (Myrtaceae). The influence of different light conditions on infestation rates, establishment, and morphogenesis of galls is little known. We tested if gall infestation is higher in E. uniflora sun plants compared to shade plants, and if the size, anatomical, and histometrical features of the mesophyll and epidermis are distinct between sun and shade leaves and galls. Gall infestation rates are similar in sun and shade plants, although the results indicate a possible difference in life cycle duration between the light conditions. Anatomical data revealed the leaves and galls respond similarly to sun and shade for number of cell layers. In the galls the hyperplasia provoked by C. profusa is influenced by distinct sunlight exposure. Cell hypertrophy and a reduced stomatal index in the galls is remarkable when compared to non-galled leaves. The cell sizes in the mesophyll and epidermis and stomatal densities are similar between the sun and shade galls, but these factors are distinct between the sun and shade leaves. Cell hypertrophy and epidermal differentiation patterns are more influenced by the gall inducer, which inhibits the influence of light on these patterns. In conclusion, gall morphogenesis is strongly influenced by galling stimuli for some developmental processes, but other processes are influenced by abiotic conditions, such as light exposure. This opens a field in gall ecological anatomy and development.

An Improved Gesture Recognition Model Based on Mini-Xception

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, gestures have become the mainstream in the field of human-computer interaction because of their simplicity, easy understanding and non-contact. Compared with the early data gloves, the vision-based non-contact gesture recognition interaction method has obvious advantages. However, the variability of the gesture itself, the complexity of the background and the influence of different lighting conditions have impacted the accuracy of gesture recognition. With the rapid development of deep learning technology, gesture recognition has achieved amazing results in accuracy. To improve gesture recognition accuracy in complex background, this paper optimizes the mini-xception network model of lightweight convolutional neural network algorithm, introduce the transfer learner and integrate YOLOV4-tiny into the mini-xception model, generate a new network model YT_ mini-Xception. After experimental verification, by YT_ Mini-xception network model, the average accuracy of 0-9 gesture recognition on complex background data set is 96.64%, the average recognition time was 39.8 milliseconds, and the expected goal was achieved.

Influence Of Different Lighting Conditions On Accuracy Of Visual Shade Matching By Dental Professionals

Aims : The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of different lighting conditions on accuracy of visual shade matching by dental professionals. This study also determined any gender bias in shade matching abilities of dental practitioners. Methods and Material : Sixty dental practitioners participated in this study. All participants were tested for color blindness using Ishihara’s tests. Two classical vita shade tabs were randomly selected, and their identification codes were concealed. The participants were asked to match these selected tabs by using a complete vita shade guide under three different light conditions-natural light, clinical light, and using the commercially available hand-held shade matching device. The chosen shade tabs were recorded, and the correct matches were counted. Statistical analysis used : The data were statistically analyzed using Mann Whitney ‘U’ test and Kruskal Wallis ‘H’ test. Results : Hand-held shade matching light was better than clinical light in terms of accuracy of visual shade matching. Natural daylight was statistically significantly better than clinical light (p =0.001). Accuracy among male participants was lower as compared to female participants, but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusions : The use of a standardized hand-held shade matching device is comparable to natural daylight, and is recommended for accurate shade matching in absence of natural lighting conditions.

Temporal Stability Analysis of Lighting Conditions in Traffic Accidents

Different lighting conditions can result in accidents of different levels of severity. However, current studies lack the consideration of the heterogeneity and temporal stability of accident data under various lighting conditions. Therefore, three years’ worth of data were used to investigate the critical factors of accident severity. The random parameters logit model was employed to investigate the influence of different lighting conditions on temporal stability and heterogeneity. The critical factors affecting injury severity were also identified. The temporal stability and transferability of the models were investigated by a series of likelihood ratio tests. Based on different lighting conditions (daylight conditions, and night-time conditions with street lighting on), six models were established. Three kinds of accident injury severity levels were classified: property damage only (PDO), severe injury (SI), and fatal injury (FI). The estimation results showed contributing factors of accident severity were significantly different between the two kinds of lighting conditions. Additionally, accidents showed temporal instability. The proposed method can provide a guide for infrastructure construction, operation, and maintenance in traffic-safety management.

Lighting conditions and perceived visual function in ophthalmic conditions.

To determine the influence of different lighting conditions on perceived visual function in patients of different age, gender, race, and in various ophthalmic diseases. A prospective study. A survey given to patients seen in general ophthalmic and retina clinics. Patients were asked four questions: Is your vision better, worse, or the same in (1) bright light vs dim light, (2) indoors or outdoors, (3) beginning or end of the day, and (4) sunny or cloudy day? Parameters tested were age, race, gender, visual acuity, and a variety of ophthalmic conditions. Multivariable models for each question were fit using multinomial regression. Association was considered significant if p < 0.05. A total of 722 patients were enrolled in the study. Patients with lower vision (LogMAR ≥ 0.3) were more likely to indicate they either had better vision indoors or outdoors compared with better vision patients (LogMAR < 0.1). Patients with pseudophakia were also more likely to indicate they had better vision on a cloudy day (OR = 1.9). White patients had double the odds of selecting bright light compared with others. Males were less likely than females to indicate better vision indoors (OR = 0.62). There were no significant associations with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the multivariable model. Most patients did not note any difference in lighting conditions, and although there is explanatory rational for some of the findings in this study, those questions concerning lighting conditions or time of day are not useful for screening of disease. Gender and ethnicity were found to have associations with lighting preferences which needs to be further studied.

Recognition method for apple fruit based on SUSAN and PCNN

This study proposes a recognition method for apple fruit based on SUSAN (Smallest univalues segment assimilating nucleus) and PCNN (Pulse coupled neural network) to accurately identify and locate fruit targets. First, homomorphic filtering is used to conduct image enhancement by considering the influence of different lighting conditions on the segmentation effect, thus achieving light compensation. After an image is processed by R-G color differences in RGB color space, the apple image is segmented using the PCNN image segmentation method based on minimum cross entropy. In terms of prior knowledge of the maximum and minimum radius of the apple fruit, an improved random Hough transform method is used to detect the characteristic circle of the apple target; according to the edge of the apple target obtained by the SUSAN edge detection algorithm. Comparative experiments with different segmentation algorithms confirm that the algorithm of this study has outstanding performance in reducing the influence of insufficient light on the segmentation result. In 50 images, 93% of apples were accurately identified, which proves the effectiveness of the algorithm in this study.

Seed Germination of Some Flower Species Under Influence of Different Light Conditions

The aim of this study was to examine germination energy and seed germination rate of some flower species under influence of different light conditions. Seeds of Zinnia elegans Jacq., Dianthus caryophyllus L. and Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees that were used in the research were purchased in local store. Experiment was set up in three replicates for each light treatment and each flower species. Petri dishes with seeds were placed in growth chamber under artificial white and blue light under 12hL/12hD photoperiod. Results showed no significant difference in germination energy and total germination of investigated flower species in respect of light. Zinnia seedlings were significantly longer on white light, while Dianthus seedlings were longer on blue light. Both, length and fresh weight of Callistephus seedlings were greater on white light. The absence of significant differences between measured parameters under examined light regimes suggests that germination of Zinnia, Dianthus and Callistephus is not photosensitive.

Effect of antioxidants and lighting conditions on color and lipid stability of beef patties packaged in high-oxygen modified atmosphere Efecto de los antioxidantes y las condiciones de iluminación sobre el color y la estabilidad de los lípidos de hamburguesas de res envasadas en atmósfera modificada alta en oxígeno

The effects of antioxidants (rosemary, carnosine and taurine, together with ascorbic acid) and the influence of different lighting conditions (standard supermarket fluorescent, low-UV color-balanced lamp, and darkness) were studied in fresh beef patties packaged in modified atmosphere and displayed at 2°C for 20 days. Oxidation stability (TBARS), instrumental color, metmyoglobin formation, psychrotrophic flora, and sensory attributes (off-odour and discoloration) were measured at four-day intervals. Rosemary and, to a lesser extent, carnosine (both with ascorbic acid) were very effective in inhibiting both metmyoglobin formation and lipid oxidation, thus stabilizing red meat color and retarding off-odour development. These effects were most noticeable in patties subject to lighting during display, either with the standard fluorescent or with the low-UV color-balanced lamp. Treatment with rosemary and ascorbic acid in the absence of UV radiation gave rise to the lowest oxidation values. Conversely, the combination of taurine and ascorbic acid exerted a significant prooxidant effect. Los efectos de los antioxidantes (romero, carnosina y taurina, junto con ácido ascórbico) y la influencia de diferentes condiciones de iluminación (iluminación estándar de supermercado, baja en UV color balanceado, y oscuridad) fueron estudiados en hamburguesas de res envasadas en atmósfera modificada y mantenidas a 2°C durante 20 días. La estabilidad a la oxidación (TBARS), el color instrumental, la formación de metamioglobina, el crecimiento de la flora psicrótrofa y los atributos sensoriales (olor desagradable y decoloración) fueron estudiados a intervalos de cuatro días. El romero, y en menor grado la carnosina, ambos con ácido ascórbico, fueron muy efectivos en la inhibición tanto de la formación de metamioglobina como de la oxidación de lípidos, permitiendo la estabilización del color rojo de la carne y retrasando el desarrollo de olores desagradables. Estos efectos fueron más evidentes en las hamburguesas que fueron mantenidas bajo condiciones de iluminación, ya sea con la iluminación estándar de supermercado o con la baja en UV color balanceado. El tratamiento con romero y ácido ascórbico en ausencia de radiación UV dio lugar a los valores más bajos de oxidación. Contrariamente, la combinación de taurina con ácido ascórbico ejerció un significativo efecto prooxidante.

Effects of photoperiod on testicular functions in male sprague-dawley rats

Variation in reproductive status in response to photoperiods has been observed in laboratory rats. We investigated the effects of photoperiod on testicular activity in Sprague-Dawley rats (Rattus norvigicus) maintained in experimental photoperiodic condition. Twenty-four adult male rats weighing 170+/-10g were conditioned to different lighting conditions of Light/Dark (LD) Cycle for 6 weeks. Group 1, Control group (LD12:12, light on from 07:00hr to 19:00hr). Group 2, Short Photoperiod group (LD 8:16hr, light on from 09:00hr to 17:00hr). Group 3, Long Photoperiod group (LD 16:8hr, light on from 05:00hr to 21:00hr). A significant influence of different lighting conditions on the testicular parameters was observed. Short photoperiod showed a suppressing effect (P < 0.001) on testicular weight, sperm motility sperm viability and sperm counts, while long photoperiod had an inducing, though insignificant, effect on the measured parameters. The results confirmed that Sprague-Dawley rats are photoresponsive and changes in the photoperiod could influence their reproductive functions.

GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES ARMAZENADAS DE CUBIU SOB DIFERENTES CONDIÇÕES DE LUZ

O cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) é uma espécie nativa da região amazônica que tem se expandido além do seu centro de origem. A planta possui potencial para a agroindústria devido a alta produtividade de frutos e acúmulo de altos níveis de ferro, niacina e ácido cítrico. Atualmente, há grande quantidade de informações sobre suas características culinárias, nutricionais e medicinais. Por outro lado, são relativamente escassas informações sobre exigências quanto ao processo germinativo como, por exemplo, sobre a qualidade de luz, a qual tem grande influência na germinação de sementes de tamanho pequeno. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes condições de luz sobre a germinação das sementes de S. sessiliflorum Dunal variedade ‘Santa Luzia’, acondicionadas em embalagem de papel Kraft e armazenadas em geladeira (± 4 ºC) por seis meses. Foram testadas quatro condições de luz: branca, vermelha, vermelha extrema e ausência de luz. A intensidade luminosa foi produzida por quatro lâmpadas fluorescentes (20 W) fixadas internamente na porta do germinador. As condições de luz foram obtidas através da cobertura, com papel celofane, de caixas do tipo gerbox, onde se procedeu a semeadura. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: porcentagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, comprimento e massa seca de plântulas. As sementes de cubiu germinaram em todas as condições de luz, entretanto maiores porcentagens de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação e comprimento de plântulas ocorreram sob luz vermelha e vermelha extrema.

Effect of lighting conditions in the study of surface roughness by machine vision - an experimental design approach

In the evaluation of surface roughness by machine vision technique, the scattered light pattern reflected from the machined surface is generally captured and optical surface finish parameters from the images are correlated with the actual roughness. Capturing of the image at appropriate conditions is required for the good correlation of the optical parameters with the roughness. Lighting conditions is a major factor that influences the image pattern and hence the optical parameters. In this work the lighting conditions like grazing angle, the light to specimen distance, the orientation of the striations on the surface to the light are varied and its influence on the optical surface finish parameter are studied. A plan of experiments based on the techniques of Taguchi was designed and executed for conducting the trials and to obtain valid conclusions. The analysis of variance and the signal to noise ratio of robust design are employed to investigate the influence of different lighting conditions on the optical surface finish parameter. The results of both the approaches confirm that grazing angle is the most influencing factor affecting the image parameter.

Activities of amine oxidase, peroxidase and catalase in seedlings of Pisum sativum L. under different light conditions

The activities of amine oxidase, peroxidase and catalase were studied in 12 cultivars of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) and one accession of wild pea (Pisum sativum subsp. transcaucasicum). The influence of different light conditions on the enzyme activities was studied in extracts of 8-d-old seedlings. Substantially higher amine oxidase activity was detected in etiolated pea seedlings than in plants growing under controlled light conditions (12h photoperiod). Higher peroxidase and catalase activities indicate more intensive production of toxic hydrogen peroxide evolved by reactions of different type in green plants in comparison with etiolated ones. Significantly lower activity of peroxidases in etiolated plants could be related to a&amp;nbsp;lower degree of lignification. Marked differences in enzyme activities between etiolated field pea and P. sativum subsp. transcaucasicum were observed for all studied enzymes. A&amp;nbsp;very interesting result was the exceptionally low activity of amine oxidase in etiolated plants that was hardly detectable in green plants of Malton cultivar. Two bands with amine oxidase activity were found by the method of native PAGE in extracts of 8-d-old plants. A&amp;nbsp;different relationship of these isoenzymes was detected in field pea and wild pea. Two isoenzymes were present in pea shoots but only one isoenzyme was detected in pea roots. Amine oxidase isoenzymes were studied in the roots and shoots of cv. Smaragd for three weeks. The profile of isoenzymes was opposite in 8- and 36-d-old stems of pea.

Factors influencing the vernalization response and flowering time of late flowering mutants ofArabidopsis thaliana(L.) Heynh.

The late flowering mutants of Arabidopsis thallana provide an excellent system to investigate the factors controlling fioral Induction and the vernalization response. Previous studies with these mutants have analysed their response to the duration of vernalization, and growth in different light conditions. Here, we examined the effect of plant age on the vernalization response and the influence of different light conditions during the vernalization treatment. Wild type Landsberg erecta (Ler) and lines carrying the fca (classified as vernalization responsive, daylength responsive) or co (classified as daylength insensitive, vernalization insensitive) mutations were analysed. The response to vernalization at different plant ages was qualitatively the same for Ler, fca, and co, but differed in degree and timing. In Ler, fca and co vernalization was more effective in darkness than in short days (SD) or continuous light. The series of late flowering mutants were used to examine the effects of a number of compounds previously shown to influence flowering. Gibberellin A3 and 5-bromodeoxyuridine accelerated flowering for all the mutants analysed, and were additive to a vernalization treatment for fca. The fca mutant responded to the same range of gibberellins as Ler, but to a greater degree. Choline chloride delayed flowering, but this effect was reversed by vernalization in most of the vernalization-responsive mutants. None of the mutants showed a specific loss of response to any particular compound.

Chromatic adaptation and photoreversal in blue-green algaCalothrix clavata West

Complementary chromatic adaptation, a well-established phenomenon in some blue-green algae, has been observed inCalothrix clavata, a heterocystous blue-green alga of the family Rivulariaceae. The chromatic adaptation has been observed for fluorescent and incandescent light by measuring the absorption spectra. The material grown in fluorescent light forms more of phycoerythrin whereas more of phycocyanin tends to be formed in incandescent light. Besides this, photoreversal was observed by transferring the incandescent light grown alga to fluorescent light conditions and vice-versa. Effect of photoreversal and chromatic adaptation has also been discussed for this alga under different monochromatic light conditions. The influence of different light conditions on morphological changes, heterocysts and hormogonia formation has also been investigated. Both chromatic adaptation and photomorphogentic phenolmena in this alga show the involvement of some photoreversible (red:green) pigment.