Influence Of Cows Research Articles

The Influence of Cow’s Bone Calcium Concentration on the Mechanical Characteristics of a Mg-Al Alloy

Magnesium aluminium of the magnesium-alloy variety have long been extensively utilized in different technical applications and are still capturing the attention of researchers because of their cost-effectiveness and lightness. Grain fractal sizes, microstructural relationships, and sphericity, as well as their relationship with service performance, were discovered for numerous frequently employed Mg-Al alloys. As a result, the influence of cow’s bone extracts calcium on the mechanical behaviours as well as microstructure of Magnesium aluminium alloy was investigated in this work. Calcium (0.5% weight) concentration, formations with uniform and non-uniform grain boundaries led to alloy hardening. 286.537MPa and 57.3 HB are respectively the highest tensile strength and hardness gotten.

1540P - Influence of cow’s milk on the absorption and exposure of erlotinib in NSCLC patients

BackgroundErlotinib is an oral EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in NSCLC. Drug absorption depends largely on its solubility in the stomach and gastrointestinal tract. Potentially, erlotinib -as lipophilic drug- is ought to dissolve better in a fatty drink such as full cow’s milk compared to water. Gastric acid reducing agents like proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) decrease the solubility and thus the uptake of erlotinib. Hence, we hypothesized that administration of cow’s milk may be a feasible way to increase erlotinib uptake (both with or without PPI co-administration). We performed a two-period randomized cross-over study to investigate the influence of full cow’s milk compared to water on the exposure of erlotinib with and without the PPI esomeprazole in NSCLC patients. MethodsDuring 24hours, pharmacokinetic sampling (PK) was performed at days 7 and 14. In the 7 days prior to PK, erlotinib was taken daily with either 250mL water or full cow’s milk. Patients were assigned whether to receive erlotinib with (arm A) or without esomeprazole (40mg qd; arm B) 3hours prior to erlotinib intake starting 3 days prior to PK. Primary endpoint was change in geometric mean for the area under the curve (AUC0-24h). A linear mixed model was used to analyze AUCs and maximal concentration (Cmax). ResultsTwelve of the 20 patients used erlotinib without a PPI. Erlotinib AUC0-24h decreased non-significantly with 5% (95%CI: -14 to+5%; P=0.3) when administered with milk compared to water in the non-PPI patients. Also in the 8 patients who did use esomeprazole, erlotinib AUC0-24h did not differ between intake with water or milk (95%CI: -29 to+40%; P=1.0). Cmax did not differ in non-PPI users (P=0.6) and in PPI users (P=0.9). However, esomeprazole decreased erlotinib AUC0-24h with 48% (95%CI: -61 to -31%; P<0.001) and Cmax with 55% (95%CI: -66 to -42%; P<0.001) in 7 patients who completed both arms. No differences in toxicities were observed. ConclusionsExposure to erlotinib did not change by erlotinib intake with milk compared to water in both the PPI and non-PPI patients. Therefore, the combination with milk instead of water is safe and well tolerated. Esomeprazole strongly decreased both erlotinib AUC0-24h and Cmax, and should be avoided if possible. Clinical trial identificationNTR 6148. Legal entity responsible for the studyRon H.J. Mathijssen. FundingRoche. DisclosureR.H. Mathijssen: Research grant / Funding (institution): Roche; Research grant / Funding (institution), Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Astellas; Research grant / Funding (institution): Boehringer; Research grant / Funding (institution): Cristal Therapeutics; Honoraria (self), Research grant / Funding (institution): Novartis; Research grant / Funding (institution): Pamgene; Research grant / Funding (institution), Travel / Accommodation / Expenses: Pfizer; Research grant / Funding (institution): Sanofi; Honoraria (self): Servier; Research grant / Funding (institution): Bayer. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

The quality of colostrum and vitality of calves, born from cows with different reaction to stress experiences

The article presents the results of studying cortisol concentration and creatine phosphokinase activity in the blood serum of 40 half-sib Ukrainian black and white dairy cows an hour after planned blood extraction, which was a stress experience. We divided the cows into three groups according to the distribution of cortisol concentration in the animals: I – high, II – average and III – low stress resistance. During the research, the cows from these groups were in their fourth month of lactation after their first calving. They were kept untethered in their summer quarters, natural pastures. The aim of the research was to identify the differences in the quality of colostrum, the vitality of the calves up to the age of 6 months, the vitality of the mother-cows, and also the influence of their different adaptation potentials in cases of abortion and stillborn calves among the cows from different groups. At the dairy complex where the research was conducted, the quality of the cows’ colostrum is not monitored. This is typical for most dairy plants of Ukraine. We found that the classes of A and M immunoglobulins did not depend upon which particular groups the animals belonged to, whereas the content of immunoglobulins of class G is 6.7 g/l higher, and the content of total protein is 8.9 g/l higher in the yield of colostrum of the cows from group 1. The influence of cows’ different levels of resistance to stress experiences on their incidence of abortions and stillborn calves was not determined. Gastroenteritis occurred among calves of cows from group 3 three times more often than with those of group 1. Vitality of calves from cows of groups 1 and 2 was significantly higher. Therefore, technological stress experiences of mother-cows have a negative effect upon the quality of colostrum and upon the vitality of calves. This factor ought to be taken into consideration in the exploitation of animals, especially during pregnancy in order to minimise stress and help individuals with less strong nervous systems. Solving the complex problems of increasing the vitality of calves involves in part guaranteeing their provision with colostrum immunity by compulsory control of the colostrum’ quality using a special aerometer (Colostrometer).

Duration and effectiveness of lifelong use of cows according to their milk yield for first and better lactation

The aim of research was to study the duration the effectiveness and lifelong use of Ukrainian Black-Spotted dairy breed cows and the impact on these indicators of milk yield for the first and best of lactation. Research was carried out in Ltd. «Milk River» Sokal district, Lviv region. It is established, that the highly indices of life expectancy, productive use, lactation, number of lactations for life and the coefficient of economic use there were cows, milk yield for the first lactation of which was 3501–4000, for the best – 5001–5500 kg, but for the lifelong yields and the amount of milk fat – with the milk yield for the first lactation 4001–4500, for better – more than 6000 kg. Better by yields and the number of butterfat on one day of life, productive use and lactation were cows with milk yield for the first lactation of over 5500 kg, and for better – more than 6000 kg. Thanks to the correlation analysis is set different levels and the direction of indicators duration communication and the efficiency and lifetime use of experimental cows with their milk yield for the first lactation. The highest positive and significant correlation coefficients have been established between the animals yields for the first lactation and their yields (0.426–0.812) and the amount of milk fat (0.445–0.811) for a day of life, productive use and lactation. Negative, but probable links were between milk yield of cows for the first lactation and the duration of their life, productive use, lactation, number of lactations in life, the coefficient economic use. The greatest influence of cows yield for the first lactation had their yield and the amount of milk fat for a day of productive use (61.89 and 62.47% respectively) and lactation (54.97 and 56.44%) and the lowest – in a lifelong yield (2.01%) and the lifelong number of milk fat (1.97%). The largest predicted value had the links between the yields for the best lactation of cows and their lifelong milk yield, lifelong number of milk fat, yields and the amount of milk fat for a day of life and productive use and lactation. These links in all cases were close, highly reliable and were in the range 0.598–0.911. The lowest correlation coefficient, in addition improbable and negative, was observed between milk yield of cows for the best lactation and average fat content in milk for all lactation (-0.008). Significant influence of better lactation on the above mentioned indicators are confirmed by our calculation the indicators of influence power, which ranged from 39.53 to 77.68%. The lowest power of influence of this factor was observed in the average fat content in milk for all investigated lactation (1.02%).

Effect of cow and poultry manures as basal fertilizers on marketable fruit yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus l)

An experiment was conducted to study the influence of cow and poultry manures on the marketable yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L) on sandy regosol. The treatments included basal applications of inorganic fertilizer (control) and combined use (10t/ha) of cow plus poultry manures (CM: PM) at ratios of 5:0, 4:1, 3:2, 2:3, 1:4 and 0:5. Significantly higher Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension 16(1): 2013: page 31-33

Determination of bioactive compounds in cream obtained as a by-product during cheese-making: Influence of cows' diet on lipid quality

Bioactive lipid components were determined in cream samples obtained as a by-product of industrial Parmigiano Reggiano cheese-making. Cream samples, produced from raw milk collected after the supplementation of cows' diet with an unsaturated-fat source, i.e., extruded linseed and fresh forage, were collected after cheese production. The addition of an unsaturated fat source into the traditional diet of cows significantly decreased the mean content of saturated fatty acids and significantly increased the mean content of unsaturated fatty acids in cream. In cream from the linseed group, the contents of monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids significantly increased compared to cream from the control group. The total phospholipid content of cream from cows fed with linseed diet was significantly higher than that of cream samples from the control group. Thus, cream from cheese factories supplied by cows fed a linseed diet showed the highest content of bioactive lipids.

The influence of cow and management factors on reproductive performance of Irish seasonal calving dairy cows

Herd management record analysis facilitates accurate assessment of the current herd reproductive status; a crucial decision making tool to implement effective change. To determine the relative importance of cow and management factors on reproductive indices in moderate-yielding Irish seasonal-calving dairy herds, breeding records of 1173 cows were collected from 10 seasonal calving herds between 2007 and 2009. Backward-stepwise multivariable logistic regression analysis was utilised to determine the effect of cow factors including parity, calving timing, days post partum, heat detection accuracy and herd factors including herd size and heat detection efficiency on key reproductive indices. Mean farm six-week pregnancy and end of season not-in-calf rate were 46% (range 14–72%) and 22% (range 3–40%), respectively. Oestrous detection efficiency (P<0.001), timing of calving (P<0.001) relative to start of breeding, history of abnormal repeat intervals (P<0.001) and length of post partum interval (P<0.001) were each associated with lower six-week pregnancy rates. Timing of calving (P<0.001) and history of abnormal repeat intervals (P<0.001) were associated with higher not-in-calf rates. Herd size and cow parity were not associated (P>0.05) with either outcome when factors including existing calving pattern and heat detection accuracy and efficiency were accounted for. The existing spread in calving pattern, heat detection quality and length of voluntary waiting period were the most influential factors that reduced fertility performance in seasonal-calving herds.

Influence of Cow's Milk Proteins and Gluten on Human Duodenal Mucosa in Organ Culture

Forty‐five duodenal biopsies from 33 children and 3 adult patients were maintained in organ culture for 24 h and exposed to various cow's milk proteins and gluten. In 10 of 11 celiac patients with a flat duodenal mu‐cosa, and in 2 of 4 patients with partial villous atrophy, a significant reduction in the mean enterocyte height was found after in vitro gluten exposure, compared to culture in basic culture medium. Three patients had coexisting celiac disease and cow's milk protein intolerance. α‐Lactalbumin and β‐lactoglobulin exhibited toxic effects on flat biopsies from two of these patients, and casein was toxic in one. In 10 patients with cow's milk protein intolerance, a significant reduction in enterocyte height was noted in one case with gluten, and in three patients with casein and lactoglobulin, whereas lactalbumin did not affect the tissues. In seven control patients having a normal duodenal mucosa, no in vitro influences were noted, whereas in four patients with partial villous atrophy, a toxic reaction to gluten was seen in one and a reduced enterocyte height was seen after lactoglobulin exposure in another. In vitro toxicity induced by gluten corresponded well with the diagnosis of celiac disease, whereas toxic reactions to cow's milk proteins during organ culture were inconsistent in cow's milk intolerance, except for cases in which a marked enteropathy was documented.

The influence of cow’s, goat’s and buffalo’s milk on the growth of rats

The influence of cow’s, goat’s and buffalo’s milk on the growth of rats