Influence Of Copper Sulfate Research Articles

Effect of copper sulphate on Cryptocaryon irritans based on metabolome analysis.

Cryptocaryon irritans is one of the most harmful marine parasites in mariculture. Copper sulphate is often used to kill parasites and the influence of copper sulphate on the tomont stage of C. irritans was explored in this study. The results showed that excystment rate was not significantly affected when tomonts were exposed to 5 mg/L (76.7%) and 10 mg/L (78.9%) of copper sulphate for 3 h. However, excystment rate was significantly inhibited when exposed to 15 mg/L (33.3%) for 3 h and 5 mg/L (28.9%), 10 mg/L (33.3%) and 15 mg/L (33.3%) for 6 h. After treatment with high concentrations of copper sulphate, the interior of the tomonts was fuzzy under the microscope, and the division process could not be observed. Metabolomic results combined with preliminary transcriptome analysis results showed that the tomonts were induced to produce linoleate, riboflavin, inositol and other substances under the stress of Cu2+ , which affected the antioxidant mechanism of the body. Using MDA content determination and antioxidant enzyme activity analysis, copper sulphate was found to cause oxidative damage to tomonts by affecting the generation of metabolites, leading to the death of tomonts.

Micropropagation of Philodendron selloum: Influence of copper sulfate on endophytic bacterial contamination, antioxidant enzyme activity, electrolyte leakage, and plant survival

Endophytic microorganisms is a major constrain to the establishment and growth of tissue culture plants. We report the use of copper sulfate (CuSO4.5H2O) to eliminate the endophytic bacteria in Philodendron selloum in vitro cultures. Contaminated shoots were cultured onto Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 5 mg/L BA and supplemented with different concentrations of copper sulfate at 0, 35, 70 and 140 mg/L for 6 weeks. Copper sulfate at 70 mg/L completely eliminated the endogenous bacteria without decline in plant growth. However, 35 mg/L copper sulfate was optimal for maximum shoot multiplication (25), survival percentage (100%) and growth of plants. Antioxidant enzymes activity of catalase, peroxidases, and polyphenol oxidase were increased because of copper sulfate treatments. Conversely, electrolyte leakage was decreased at low copper sulfate (≤70 mg/L). Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis revealed that plantlets exposed to different levels of copper sulfate were not genetically different from control plants.

The Digestibility of feed and productivity of young fattening pigs when using mixed-ligand complexes of copper

The balancing research has shown that there are certain changes in the body of young pigs for fattening under the infl uence of consumed feed and feed additives. During the balance experiment on pigs for fattening, the protein, fat and carbohydrate digestibility ratios and the nitrogen balance were studied. The digestibility and absorption of nutrients of the feed are infl uenced by many factors such as animal species, age, physiological state, feed type, method of retention, ratio and size of components, individual characteristics and others. The relationship between digestion and nutrient uptake in young pigs for fattening under the infl uence of Copper sulphate and the mixed-ligand complex of Copper added to the compound feed in diff erent quantities was investigated. The optimal dose of Copper in the compound feed for pig fattening pigs was established for feeding diff erent levels and sources of Copper. According to the results of the balance experiment, the best indices of the digestibility of nutrients were found in animals, the dose of the mixed-ligand complex of Copper in the compound feed was 21.2 g/t. With this dose of Copper chelate, the rate of digestibility of organic substances was 85.4 %, crude protein – 79.3 %, crude fat – 68.1 %, crude fi ber– 41.8 % and nitrogen-free extractives – 90.5 %, which exceeded control analogues, respectively, by 1.5%, 3.4; 2,7; 9.7 and 1.1 %. It was also found that the highest levels of Nitrogen uptake were observed in the animals of the experimental groups fed the Copper chelate in the amounts of 21.2 and 15.4 g/t respectively – 54.4 % and 54.3 %, respectively, by 9.9 % (p≤0.05) and 9.7 % higher compared to control animals. The impact of diff erent doses of mixed-ligand complex of Copper had an eff ect on the growth rates of animals, as evidenced by the results of live weight of pigs. The animals of the 4th and 5th experimental groups had the highest live weight, which fed the Copper bathrobe in the amount of 21.2 and 15.4 g/t of compound feed, which covered the Copper defi cit in the diet by 55 % and 40 %. Animals of these groups at the age of 150 days had a live weight of 2.3 % and 1.9 % more, respectively, compared to the same indicator in the control group. And at the age of 180 days pigs of the 4th experimental group were dominated by analogues of control by 3.8 %, and by 5th – by 3.3 %. Therefore, the results of the studies indicate a positive eff ect of the addition of organic-mineral origin of the mixed-ligand complex of Copper on the growth and development of young pigs on fattening. Key words: live weight, digestibility coeffi cient, pigs, fattening, organic substances, protein, fat, fi ber, Copper.

The Influence of Copper Sulphate on Growth, Morphology and on Anatomy of Vegetative Organs of Triticum Aestivum L

Copper is necessary for the growth and development of plants, but a high concentrations is extremely toxic, resulting in growth inhibition and toxicity symptoms. In this study we investigated the effects of caryopses immersion of Triticum aestivum L, for 24 hours, at different concentrations of copper sulphate. CuSO4 x 5H20 (0.05 g/L - variant V1; 0.1g/L - variant V2; 0.5 g/L - variant V3; 1 g/L - variant V4). The result of metabolic disturbances induced by the treatment of vegetative organs was their growth inhibition in a dose-dependent manner. Our results suggest that caryopses immersion for 24 hours with copper sulphate in a concentration of 0.5 g /l and 1 g /l induce anatomic and morphological changes in vegetative organs.

Cyanobacteria as test organisms and biosorbents

Bioassay and biosorption potentials of different groups of cyanobacteria (CB)—Nostoc linckia (Roth.) Born. et Flah. No. 271, natural biofilms dominated by CB of Phormidium genus, and biofilms dominated by Nostoc commune (Vauch. Elenk)—were estimated. The physiological-biochemical response of CB to the influence of copper sulfate (II) (catalase activity with a gasometric method and dehydrogenase activity, lipid peroxidation, and chlorophyll ɑ and pheophytin contents with a spectrophotometric method) was studied; metal bioaccumulation was determined with a stripping voltammetry method. It was found that the communities dominated by Phormidium genus (CB biomass 0.2 g/dm3) removed copper compounds from the solutions with Cu2+ ion concentration of 20 mg/dm3 almost completely (by 99%); communities dominated by CB N. commune, by 87%; and pure culture of N. linckia, by 50%. Dehydrogenase and catalase activities and the intensity of bioluminescence proved to be sensitive indicators of the response of CB to Cu2+ ions. The impact of Cu2+ ions (20 mg/dm3) on a biofilm dominated by CB of Phormidium genus resulted in the fivefold decrease of catalase activity during 24 h; dehydrogenase activity decreased by nearly 357 times. The bioluminescence intensity during 24 h decreased by 1.3–100 times under the impact of Cu2+ (2 mg/dm3) and by 8.6–200 times in variants with a higher concentration of Cu2+ (20 mg/dm3). This regularity can be used as a test function in bioassay.

Effects of increased temperatures on Gammarus fossarum under the influence of copper sulphate.

The specialised fauna of freshwater springs will have to cope with a possible temperature rise owing to Global Change. It is affected additionally by contamination of the water with xenobiotics from human activities in the surrounding landscape. We assessed the combined effects of temperature increase and exposure to toxins in laboratory experiments by using copper sulphate as a model substance and Gammarus fossarum Koch, 1835, as the model organism. This amphipod is a common representative of the European spring fauna and copper ions are widespread contaminants, mainly from agricultural practice. The experiments were conducted in boxes placed in flow channels and the water temperatures were varied. The gammarids were fed with conditioned beech leaf discs. The feeding activity of the amphipods was quantified on the level of the organism; and the respiratory electron transport system (ETS) assay was conducted in order to determine changes on the cellular level in the test organisms. The results show that the feeding activity increased slightly with higher water temperature. The sub-lethal copper dose had no significant effect other than a trend towards lower feeding activity. The ETS activity was significantly higher at the higher water temperatures, and the copper ions significantly lowered the ETS activity of the organisms. The combination of the two methods was useful when testing for combined effects of environmental changes and pollutants on a species. From the results one can reasonably infer a higher risk of adverse effects with increase in water temperature and exposure to a particular heavy metal.

Logical control and population density studies on land snails in south district of Port Saied, portsaied Governate,

Survey and population studies were carried out in south district of Port Saied region, Port Saied governorate during 2010-2012. The survey revealed the existence of four species of land snails Monacha theba cartusiana, Monacha cantiana, family Helicidate and Succinea putris, Succinea elegans, family Succinidae on Egyptian clover, wheat and sugar beet. The population density of these land snails were observed on the soil, steams and leaves of tested crops, the results showed that the highest population were recorded on the soil around plants and under dead leaves and shelter of weeds and some on steams and leaves. The population density of all observed land snails was heavier on Egyptian clover followed by wheat and sugar beet, also recorded highest numbers through spring season followed by Autumn and Winter, also their egg clutches which affected by copper sulphate, super phosphate and low moisture of soil which irrigated after 25 days., Druart et al. 2011. On other hand, laboratoral studies were conducted on M. cantiana and S. putris in El-Serw Agricultural Research Station for measuring the influence of copper sulphate, super phosphate 15% and low moisture of substrate comprised by lannate 90 as recommended insecticides under laboratory conditions after one day initial effect and 3,5,10 and 15 days. The obtained data revealed that lannate 90 was more effective on S. putris than in case of M. Cantiana, copper sulphate recorded 72.8% and 65.6% on S. putris and M. catiana followed by superphosphate 15%, 65.6% and 56.8% respectively. While the lowest number of dead individual was recorded in dry substrate or low moisture (32.8% and 26.4) for S. putris and M. cantiana respectively. So, using safe materials such as copper sulphate and super phosphate 15% were more effective and acts as fertilizers, improving crop fields and quality without environmental pollution.

Influence of copper sulfate and tribasic copper chloride on feed intake preference in finishing pigs (2013)

A total of 150 pigs (PIC 327 × 1050; initially 191 lb BW) were used in a 15-d study to determine if pigs have a preference for diets that contain added Cu from either copper sulfate (CuSO4) or tribasic copper chloride (TBCC). Pens of pigs were randomly allotted to 1 of 3 dietary preference comparisons with 10 replications per comparison. Treatment diets used were a corn-soybean meal control with no supplemental Cu, or the control diet with 150 ppm of added Cu from either CuSO4 or TBCC. Pens contained two feeders, each with 1 of 2 treatment diets with feeders rotated once daily within each pen. The comparisons tested were: (1) control vs. CuSO4, (2) control vs. TBCC, and (3) CuSO4 vs. TBCC. For comparison 1, pigs consumed more (P < 0.01) of the control diet than the added CuSO4 diet (3.68 vs. 2.02 lb/d), which translated into pigs eating 66% of their daily intake from the control diet and 34% from the CuSO4 diet. For comparison 2, pigs consumed more (P < 0.03) of the control diet than the TBCC diet (3.30 vs. 2.49 lb/d), which equated to 57% of their daily intake from the control diet and 43% from the TBCC diet. For comparison 3, pigs consumed more (P < 0.01) of the diet containing TBBC than that with the added CuSO4 (3.50 vs. 1.96 lb/d), which was equivalent to 65% vs. 35% of daily intake, respectively. In summary, when given a choice, pigs preferred to consume a diet without high levels of added Cu; however, when given the choice between diets containing either Cu source, pigs preferred diets containing TBCC.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 21, 2013

The impact of Cu treatment on phenolic and polyamine levels in plant material regenerated from embryos obtained in anther culture of carrot

The influence of copper sulphate on the regeneration of carrot ( Daucus carota L.) androgenic embryos and changes in the levels of phenolic substances and polyamines that might be indicative of the response to oxidative stress were investigated. The cultivation on the regeneration medium supplemented with Cu 2+ at the concentrations 1 and 10 μM for 15 weeks resulted in significant dose-dependent inhibition of the growth and organogenic ability of carrot embryos. The total content of phenolic acids (represented by the sum of all soluble and insoluble fractions) in the Cu 2+-treated carrot cultures did not change in comparison with the control (0.1 μM Cu 2+). However, the levels of phenolic acids in the individual fractions showed significant differences. The cultivation in the presence of increased Cu 2+ evoked first of all the rise of free chlorogenic and caffeic acids, and the increase in soluble ester-bound ferulic acid. Marked dose-dependent decline in the amount of ferulic acid incorporated into the cell walls of the Cu 2+-treated carrot cultures was partly compensated by the increase in the content of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. Decline in the total polyamine contents in the carrot tissues cultivated in the presence of increased Cu 2+ concentrations was observed. The most abundant polyamine, both in a free and PCA-soluble conjugated forms, was putrescine, the least abundant was spermine, which occurred in free form only. While the levels of free polyamines slightly decreased in a dose-dependent manner in the Cu 2+-treated cultures, those of PCA-soluble conjugates markedly rose (enhancement to 135 and 170% in 1 and 10 μM Cu 2+, respectively, compared with the control). The decline in the total polyamine contents was caused mainly by the decline in the levels of PCA-insoluble conjugates. The decrease observed in this fraction was approximately to 70 and 50% in 1 and 10 μM Cu 2+-treated cultures, respectively, when compared with the control. The role of phenolic acids and polyamines in preventing Cu 2+stress in the carrot tissues is discussed.

Methylation of Phenol over Alumina in the Vapour Phase : Influence of Copper Sulphate

Methylation of Phenol over Alumina in the Vapour Phase : Influence of Copper Sulphate

Influence of copper sulphate on the water and electrolyte balance of the freshwater snailBulinus (Bulinus) tropicus

The water and electrolyte balance of Bulinus (Bulinus) tropicus, a freshwater pulmonate, was determined when subjected to different sublethal concentrations of copper sulphate. It was found that the lethal dose (LD50), which is the dose lethal to 50% of the snails, is 1,0 ppm in water of pH 8,5. Increasing dosages disturb the ionic and water balance. Haemolymph concentrations of Na + , Ca2+ and Cl- decrease markedly. The rates of ion influx and efflux for Ca2+ , Na + , Cl- and 3H20, measured With their corresponding radioisotopes, were drastically changed. The results indicate that the physiological effects of copper are not limited to particular organs or tissues but probably occur throughout the snail body. The possible effect of copper sulphate on the in- tegumental exchange mechanisms for Ca2+, HCO3-, Na+ , K+ and Cl- are discussed.

The Influence of Copper Sulphate and Manganese Sulphate upon the Growth of Barley

The Influence of Copper Sulphate and Manganese Sulphate upon the Growth of Barley