Influence Of Cognitive Function Research Articles

Influence of cognitive functioning on the effectiveness of treatment of veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder and mild traumatic brain injury

A history of traumatic brain injury in veterans is associated with higher use of mental health services, regardless of psychiatric diagnoses, which makes it important to develop a comprehensive approach to treatment and evaluate its effectiveness. The study aimed to investigate the impact of cognitive functioning among 329 veterans with comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder and mild traumatic brain injury on the effectiveness of combination therapy. The following tests were used to assess cognitive functioning: the Ray-Osterritz test, the Symbolic Communication Test, the Stroop test, and the Verbal Fluency Test. Functioning was assessed using the World Health Organization Questionnaire for the Assessment of Disability. The effectiveness of the combination therapy was also assessed using the Four-Dimensional Symptom Inventory. The influence of cognitive functioning on the effectiveness of 8-week complex therapy for veterans with this comorbidity was confirmed. The results of the Trail Making Test had statistically significant negative correlations with the cognitive sphere scale (ρ = -0.237; p = 0.0117) and the integral index of the World Health Organization questionnaire for the assessment of disability (ρ= -0.192; p = 0.0424), as well as positive correlations with the scales of self-care (ρ = 0.2038; p = 0.0311) and daily activity (ρ = 0.2048; p = 0.0303). It was found that patients with post-traumatic stress disorder, mild traumatic brain injury and their comorbidity responded differently to therapy, which was determined by the clinical features of their cognitive processes, namely associative performance, control rigidity/flexibility, attention, working memory and executive function. The dynamics of cognitive functioning differed in each group. It was also found that cognitive symptoms were targeted by therapy, as evidenced by their reduction after the intervention. The data obtained will allow for a more efficient and comprehensive organization of specialised psychiatric care for veterans, and cognitive functioning is predictive of the effectiveness and duration of treatment

Influence of cognitive function and social support on health-related quality of life of elderly men in partial medically underserved rural areas: A cross-sectional study

Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors influencing the health-related quality of life of elderly men in partial medically underserved rural areas. Methods: The subjects included 182 elderly men aged 65 or older living in the jurisdictions of the Health Care Centers in G, I, and J Myeon, which were medically underserved rural areas in Gongju City, South Korea. Data were collected on October 31 to November 1, 2020, and were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and hierarchical linear regression. Results: The subjects’ scored mean 24.20±3.29 points out of 30 in cognitive functions and mean 17.08±9.40 out of 60 in social support. The influential factors included three chronic diseases (β=-.50, p<.001), two chronic diseases (β=-.30, p<.001), one chronic disease (β=-.21, p<.001); fair subjective health status (β=.24, p<.001); good subjective health status (β=.25, p<.001); cognitive functions (β=.17, p=.004); aged 80 or older (β=-.16, p=.006); and brushing teeth three times per day or more (β=.14, p=.009) with an explanatory power of 53.8%. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop chronic disease management and cognitive function enhancement programs to identify factors influencing the health-related quality of life of elderly men in partial medically underserved rural areas and thus improve their health-related quality of life.

The influence of cognitive function on adherence to breast cancer screening among older American women

Cognitive decline and impairment among older adults have become an important public health issue. Previous research shows older women have a greater prevalence of Alzheimer's disease than Men. Among women, breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer. Over half of breast cancer deaths occur in women aged 65 and older. Therefore, early detection of breast cancer through mammogram screening is important among older women. This study aimed to examine the influence of cognitive function on adherence to mammogram breast cancer screening among older American women aged 65 and older. Data from the Health and Retirement Study (2012-2016) was obtained and analyzed. The independent variable of the study was cognitive function (normal, not normal). Adherence to mammogram (low, moderate, high) was the dependent variable. Multinomial regression was performed to examine the association between cognitive function and adherence to mammogram after controlling for demographic covariates. In the study, 33.3% of respondents had impaired cognitive function and 21.7% showed low adherence to mammogram screening. Regression results found that older women with impaired cognitive function were more likely to be in low adherence group (OR=1.30, p=0.01) or moderate adherence group (OR=1.47, p<0.001) relatively to be in high adherence group compared to older women with normal cognitive function. The development and implementation of interventions are needed for reducing barriers to accessing cancer screening services in high-risk vulnerable populations. This submission is considered late-breaking research because study findings were obtained from a recently completed student's master's project.

Cognitive performance in dialysis patients - "when is the right time to test?"

BackgroundCognitive impairment in chronic kidney disease, especially in end stage renal disease, is a public health problem. Nevertheless, the cause of chronic kidney disease still remains unclear. A prevalence of cognitive impairment in patients with end stage renal disease of up to 87% has been found.MethodsThe study at hand deals with the research on the – potential – effect of timing on cognitive performance when testing cognitive impairment in hemodialysis patients during the dialysis cycle. We tested cognitive performance with a neuropsychological test battery (RBANS, Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status) on two occasions while patients were on dialysis as well as on a dialysis-free day. In addition, all participants were rated using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and several demographic and clinical variables were recorded in order to investigate their possible influence on cognitive performance.The patients were recruited in three dialysis centers in the central region of Hesse, Germany. Twenty-six participants completed the 3 testings during a period of 6 weeks. The testing was carried out in the dialysis centers.ResultsLooking at the total scale score, patients achieved the best cognitive performance in the RBANS during the first 2 h on dialysis with 81.1 points. When comparing the scores of the three measurement occasions (first 2 h, Timepoint 1 vs. last 2 h, Timepoint 2 vs. dialysis free day, Timepoint 3, however, no significant difference in the total scale score was detected. But patients showed significantly better cognitive performance in language in the first 2 h (p < 0.001) as well as in the last 2 h (p < 0.001) compared with the dialysis-free day.ConclusionDue to the high prevalence of cognitive impairment, there is an increasing need to assess cognitive function in dialysis patients. Our data show that the time point of testing (first 2 h on hemodialysis vs. last 2 h on hemodialysis vs. Hemodialysis free day) had no influence of cognitive function in hemodialysis patients in routine indications.

Influence of cognitive function and nurse support on malnutrition risk in nursing home residents.

AimTo predict malnutrition risk of older residents by cognitive function, nurse support and self‐care capacity as primary measures of interest.DesignCross‐sectional, correlation design with linear regression analysis.MethodsOlder residents over 60 years of age were randomly selected from nursing homes. Mini Mental State Exam and the Mini Nutritional Assessment were used were as main measures.ResultsLower malnutrition risk was associated with better cognitive functioning. Improved independence of self‐feeding was also linked to reduced nutritional risk. Nurse support was positively related to BMI and cognitive impairment. General self‐care capacity and ‘appetite the week before’ were key predictors of malnutrition risk; 1‐point increase in both variables caused nutritional risk to decrease by 1.73 and 1.38 points, respectively. That is, a 1‐point increase in self‐care capacity and appetite would decrease malnutrition risk by 5.76% and 4.6%. The regression model explained significant amount (65.6%) of variance in malnutrition risk.

노인의 인지기능에 영향을 미치는 생활행태 요인

노인의 인지기능에 영향을 미치는 생활행태 요인

The Influence of Cognitive Function on Balance, Mobility, and Falls in Older Cancer Survivors

Introduction: Older cancer survivors fall more often, as disease-associated sequelae such as impaired cognitive function contribute to a higher falls risk. Cognitive dysfunction may contribute to falls and mobility; however, this relationship is not well described. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between cognitive function, gait speed, balance, and falls in older cancer survivors. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of 573 older cancer survivors was conducted from the 2010 Health and Retirement Study wave. Groups were assigned on the basis of falls history: Falls (N = 222) or No Falls (N = 351). Groupwise comparisons on demographic, cognitive, and physical mobility variables were completed. Linear regression analyses were performed to examine associations between cognitive function (recall, orientation, executive function), gait speed, tandem balance, and falls in the sample and by group. Results: Significant between-group differences existed in demographic, cognitive function, falls, and mobility variables. Falls were inversely associated with executive function (β = −0.18, P &lt; .05). Delayed recall was linearly associated with tandem stance in the whole sample (β = 0.11, P &lt; .05). Falls history was able to detect differing relationships between gait speed and each of the cognitive processes (β = 0.11-0.17 for fallers; β = 0.11-0.22 for nonfallers), indicating the underlying influence of cognition on mobility in cancer survivors. Discussion: Different cognitive processes influence falls, balance, and mobility in the older cancer survivor, especially those with a history of falling. Assessments of balance and falls should include screening more than orientation to detect cognitive impairments that impact mobility and falls.

Inference comprehension in text reading: Performance of individuals with right- versus left-hemisphere lesions and the influence of cognitive functions.

BackgroundRight-hemisphere lesions (RHL) may impair inference comprehension. However, comparative studies between left-hemisphere lesions (LHL) and RHL are rare, especially regarding reading comprehension. Moreover, further knowledge of the influence of cognition on inferential processing in this task is needed.ObjectivesTo compare the performance of patients with RHL and LHL on an inference reading comprehension task. We also aimed to analyze the effects of lesion site and to verify correlations between cognitive functions and performance on the task.MethodsSeventy-five subjects were equally divided into the groups RHL, LHL, and control group (CG). The Implicit Management Test was used to evaluate inference comprehension. In this test, subjects read short written passages and subsequently answer five types of questions (explicit, logical, distractor, pragmatic, and other), which require different types of inferential reasoning. The cognitive functional domains of attention, memory, executive functions, language, and visuospatial abilities were assessed using the Cognitive Linguistic Quick Test (CLQT).ResultsThe LHL and RHL groups presented difficulties in inferential comprehension in comparison with the CG. However, the RHL group presented lower scores than the LHL group on logical, pragmatic and other questions. A covariance analysis did not show any effect of lesion site within the hemispheres. Overall, all cognitive domains were correlated with all the types of questions from the inference test (especially logical, pragmatic, and other). Attention and visuospatial abilities affected the scores of both the RHL and LHL groups, and only memory influenced the performance of the RHL group.ConclusionsLesions in either hemisphere may cause difficulties in making inferences during reading. However, processing more complex inferences was more difficult for patients with RHL than for those with LHL, which suggests that the right hemisphere plays an important role in tasks with higher comprehension demands. Cognition influences inferential processing during reading in brain-injured subjects.

Neurocognitive recovery of patients with paranoid schizophrenia

Background At present neurocognitive impairment is considered a core feature of schizophrenia. This statement is grounded on cognitive impairment stability, the persistence of cognitive impairment independently of the disease stage and other symptoms of schizophrenia. The relevance of the search for cognitive remediation methods is determined by the influence of cognitive functioning on the functional outcome in patients with schizophrenia. In order to solve this problem, scientists are actively investigating such direction in the treatment of patients with this psychopathology as «neurocognitive therapy» or neurocognitive training. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of neurocognitive training in patients with paranoid schizophrenia Methods and materials The patients who matched inclusion criteria were assessed on Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Personal and Social Performance scale (PSP), neuropsychological tests (Trail Making Test part A and B, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Luria test) at the baseline, 1st and 6th month. All patients who were included in the study were randomly assigned into two groups. The intervention group (n=40) underwent a standard supportive treatment and neurocognitive training. The control group (n=31) received supportive medication treatment alone. Results After 1st month, a statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups was found both for the overall PANSS score improvement and improvement in several items, which represented the cognitive decline. Total PSP score increased significantly in the intervention group from 41-50 to 51-60 (р=0.0001). In Wisconsin Card Sorting Test the proportion of incorrect answers decreased by 31.4% (р=0.0001), perseverative errors by 20.1% (р=0.042), the number of completed categories increased by 33.5% (р=0.002). Conclusion The proposed neurocognitive training program showed positive results, which was reflected in a statistically significant improvement in PANSS score and cognitive tests performance in the intervention group compared to control group after treatment course and additional 5 months of the observation.

뇌손상 환자의 일상생활수행에 대한 인지기능, 통증 및 신체상의 영향

뇌손상 환자의 일상생활수행에 대한 인지기능, 통증 및 신체상의 영향

Analysis on Influence of Cognitive Function, Movement Function and Life Quality on Re-covery of Patients with Cerebral Apoplexy by Therapy Rehabilitation System

Objective: To explore the effect of system rehabilitation on cognitive function, motor function and quality of life in patients with stroke. Methods: A total of 112 patients with stroke were enrolled in this study from June 2014 to June 2016. The patients were divided into control group and study group according to the time of admission. The patients in each group were treated with routine rehabilitation training. The patients in the study group were trained on the basis of routine rehabilitation training. The cognitive function, motor function and quality of life were compared between two groups. Results: The scores of cognitive function, motor function score and quality of life were significantly higher in the study group than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Compared with the conventional nursing model, the systematic rehabilitation training model can better enhance the cognitive function and motor function of the patients, and can improve the quality of life of patients.

認知機能の嚥下機能への影響

認知機能の嚥下機能への影響

지역사회 노인의 인지기능과 우울감이 도구적 일상생활동작에 미치는 영향

지역사회 노인의 인지기능과 우울감이 도구적 일상생활동작에 미치는 영향

Social and functional health of home care clients with different levels of cognitive impairments

ABSTRACTObjectives: The ability to manage one's life with some degree of independence, to fulfill basic obligations, and to participate in social activities are social functions that delineate the core of ‘social health’. We examine to what extent clients of community care in Europe (n = 2884) complete such activities despite their cognitive problems. We focus on mildly and moderately impaired people, aged 65+ years.Methods: Data were collected using the interRAI HC-Assessment in IBenC-project. We tested the association between participants' capacity and performance in three LADLs (instrumental activities of daily living) and their cognitive performance and specific memory problems.Results: About 30% of home care clients in Europe suffer from mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment. Their relatively independent coping with requirements of routine activities is strongly determined by overall cognitive performance. Specific memory functions seem unimportant, except for procedural memory. It is striking that all clients, and particularly those with mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment, interact mostly with close relatives and friends. Mild-to-moderate cognitive limitations do not hinder clients from coping semi-independently with routine requirements.Discussion: When considering the influence of cognitive function on clients' capacity and performance in everyday activities and social relations, a comprehensive construct of cognitive function has to be applied.

Influence of cognitive function on cerebrovascular disease among the elderly.

To determine the interrelationships between baseline Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score and overall long-term risk of cerebrovascular disease (CBVD). This was a prospective cohort study of subjects aged 55 years or more who were enrolled in the Beijing Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) and had a baseline MMSE score available. Baseline MMSE score was divided into four categories: ≥28, 26-27, 23-25, and ≤22. Participants were followed for 23 years. Cox regression models were used to examine the association between MMSE score and CBVD. A total of 2101 participants were included in this analysis, 335 (15.9%) with an MMSE score ≥28, 365 (17.4%) with a score of 26-27, 579 (27.6%) with a score of 23-25, and 822 (7.4%) with a score ≤22. There were 576 cases of CBVD. The overall risk of CBVD increased with decreasing MMSE score. The impact of MMSE score on the risk of CBVD was much stronger in women than in men. The hazard ratio for CBVD risk was 1.76 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29-2.39, P < 0.05) for subjects with an MMSE score ≤22, and 1.21 (95% CI, 0.91-1.61, P < 0.05) for those with an MMSE score of 23-25. Higher MMSE scores were less strongly associated with the risk of CBVD. Elderly people with lower MMSE scores, especially women, are at higher long-term risk of CBVD.

The Association Between Mild Cognitive Impairment and Self-care in Adults With Chronic Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis.

Emerging evidence suggests that heart failure (HF) patients who have mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may experience greater difficulty with self-care. This article reports a systematic review that addressed the objective "What is the evidence for an association between MCI and self-care, measured in 1 or more of the self-care domains related to HF, in adults who have a diagnosis of chronic HF?" We adopted Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for the review and synthesis of quantitative research studies that formally measured both cognitive function and self-care in HF patients and sought to describe the relationship between these factors. Ninety-one potentially relevant studies were located; 10 studies (2006-2014) were included. Because of heterogeneity in the retrieved studies, meta-analysis was not possible. Narrative synthesis found growing evidence regarding the association between MCI and adverse effects on self-care in HF. Nine studies reported significant positive associations between MCI and self-care in HF, either specifically in relation to medication adherence or more generic measures of self-care activity. One study reported a significant, negative correlation between cognitive function and self-care, suggesting that worse cognitive function was associated with better self-care; however, this is partially explained by a small sample size and mixed methodology. These findings have implications for clinical practice. It is known that HF patients have difficulty with self-care, and the influence of cognitive function needs to be considered when providing professional support. Further research to determine the feasibility and acceptability of cognitive assessment in routine clinical care is recommended.

Characteristics of Pediatric Performance on a Test Battery Commonly Used in the Diagnosis of Central Auditory Processing Disorder.

Although central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) test battery performance has been examined in adults with neurologic lesions of the central auditory nervous system (CANS), similar data on children being referred for CAPD evaluations are sparse. This study characterizes CAPD test battery performance in children using tests commonly administered to diagnose the disorder. Specifically, this study describes failure rates for various test combinations, relationships between CAPD tests used in the battery, and the influence of cognitive function on CAPD test performance and CAPD diagnosis. A comparison is also made between the performance of children with CAPD and data from patients with neurologic lesions of the CANS. A retrospective study. Fifty-six pediatric patients were referred for CAPD testing. Participants were administered four CAPD tests, including frequency patterns (FP), low-pass filtered speech (LPFS), dichotic digits (DD), and competing sentences (CS). In addition, they were given the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC). Descriptive analyses examined the failure rates of various test combinations, as well as how often children with CAPD failed certain combinations when compared with adults with CANS lesions. A principal components analysis was performed to examine interrelationships between tests. Correlations and regressions were conducted to determine the relationship between CAPD test performance and the WISC. Results showed that the FP and LPFS tests were most commonly failed by children with CAPD. Two-test combinations that included one or both of these two tests and excluded DD tended to be failed more often. Including the DD and CS test in a battery benefited specificity. Tests thought to measure interhemispheric transfer tended to be correlated. Compared with adult patients with neurologic lesions, children with CAPD tended to fail LPFS more frequently and DD less frequently. Both groups failed FP with relatively equal frequency. The two-test combination that showed the highest failure rate for children with CAPD was LPFS-FP. Comparison with adults with CANS lesions, however, suggests that the mechanisms underlying LPFS performance in children need to be better understood. The two-test combination that showed the next highest failure rates among children with CAPD and did not include LPFS was CS-FP. If it is desirable to use a dichotic measure that has a lower linguistic load than CS then DD can be substituted for CS despite the slightly lower failure rate of the DD-FP battery.

Cognitive processes affect the gait of subjects with Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease in dual tasks

Objective To investigate the relation between gait parameters and cognitive impairments in subjects with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) during the performance of dual tasks. Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving 126 subjects divided into three groups: Parkinson group (n = 43), Alzheimer group (n = 38), and control group (n = 45). The subjects were evaluated using the Timed Up and Go test administered with motor and cognitive distracters. Gait analyses consisted of cadence and speed measurements, with cognitive functions being assessed by the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery and the Clock Drawing Test. Statistical procedures included mixed-design analyses of variance to observe the gait patterns between groups and tasks and the linear regression model to investigate the influence of cognitive functions in this process. A 5% significant level was adopted. Results Regarding the subjects’ speed, the data show a significant difference between group vs task interaction (p = 0.009), with worse performance of subjects with PD in motor dual task and of subjects with AD in cognitive dual task. With respect to cadence, no statistical differences was seen between group vs task interaction (p = 0.105), showing low interference of the clinical conditions on such parameter. The linear regression model showed that up to 45.79%, of the variance in gait can be explained by the interference of cognitive processes. Conclusion Dual task activities affect gait pattern in subjects with PD and AD. Differences between groups reflect peculiarities of each disease and show a direct interference of cognitive processes on complex tasks.

Hearing aid fitting in older persons with hearing impairment: the influence of cognitive function, age, and hearing loss on hearing aid benefit.

PurposeTo examine the association of cognitive function, age, and hearing loss with clinically assessed hearing aid benefit in older hearing-impaired persons.MethodsHearing aid benefit was assessed using objective measures regarding speech recognition in quiet and noisy environments as well as a subjective measure reflecting everyday situations captured using a standardized questionnaire. A broad range of general cognitive functions such as attention, memory, and intelligence were determined using different neuropsychological tests. Linear regression analyses were conducted with the outcome of the neuropsychological tests as well as age and hearing loss as independent variables and the benefit measures as dependent variables. Thirty experienced older hearing aid users with typical age-related hearing impairment participated.ResultsMost of the benefit measures revealed that the participants obtained significant improvement with their hearing aids. Regression models showed a significant relationship between a fluid intelligence measure and objective hearing aid benefit. When individual hearing thresholds were considered as an additional independent variable, hearing loss was the only significant contributor to the benefit models. Lower cognitive capacity – as determined by the fluid intelligence measure – was significantly associated with greater hearing loss. Subjective benefit could not be predicted by any of the variables considered.ConclusionThe present study does not give evidence that hearing aid benefit is critically associated with cognitive function in experienced hearing aid users. However, it was found that lower fluid intelligence scores were related to higher hearing thresholds. Since greater hearing loss was associated with a greater objective benefit, these results strongly support the advice of using hearing aids regardless of age and cognitive function to counter hearing loss and the adverse effects of age-related hearing impairment. Still, individual cognitive capacity might be relevant for hearing aid benefit during an initial phase of hearing aid provision if acclimatization has not yet taken place.

Ocular paradoxical movement and severity of Parkinson’s disease

Sir, We read with great interest the article entitled ‘Visual exploration in Parkinson’s disease and Parkinson’s disease dementia’ recently published in Brain by Archibald et al. (2013), because the pattern of results shows a remarkable coincidence with the results of our study on visual exploration in Parkinson’s disease (Matsumoto et al. , 2011 a , 2012). Archibald et al. (2013) investigated how cognitive function affects saccade amplitude and fixation duration during visual exploration in Parkinson’s disease. In an observation similar to our own (Matsumoto et al. , 2011 a ), they demonstrated that the visual exploration of complex figures in patients with Parkinson’s disease was characterized by a scanning pattern consisting of hypometric saccades with fixation durations longer than those seen in normal healthy subjects. Hallett (2011) pointed out that these ocular features in Parkinson’s disease could represent a type of bradykinesia called ‘ocular bradykinesia’, and that they might be caused by basal ganglia dysfunction. We also presented data supporting the contribution of basal ganglia dysfunction to the ocular bradykinesia and ocular paradoxical movement in Parkinson’s disease based on our experiments with a visual exploration task as well as oculomotor tasks (Matsumoto et al. , 2012). An important implication of the Archibald et al. (2013) results is the influence of cognitive function on visual exploration. In experiments consisting of five kinds of tasks that demand higher brain function in which subjects matched comparator images against a central stimulus using four different images, Archibald et al. (2013) found that patients with Parkinson’s disease with dementia with more severe motor dysfunction as well as cognitive decline made saccades with smaller amplitudes and longer fixation durations compared with those made by patients with Parkinson’s disease without cognitive impairment. They also showed that saccade amplitude and fixation duration did not largely differ …