Inflorescence Emission Research Articles

Ablation reduces androgyny and improves flowering and bunch production in palms of Coarí x La Mé hybrid (Elaeis oleifera x Elaeis guineensis)

The first inflorescence in OxG hybrids after transplant to the field is often androgynous and should be removed to stimulate the initial vegetative growth of palms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of early inflorescence ablation on later inflorescence emission and normal bunch development. The experimental design was completely randomized with two treatments (with early ablation and without ablation), four replicates, and 16 palms per replicate. The emission of female, male, and androgynous inflorescences, the number of leaflets, leaf area and dry weight of leaf 17, number of normal bunches formed, and annual production were estimated. The emission of normal female inflorescences increased with total ablation, while androgynous inflorescences increased without ablation. Ablated palms increased their leaf area, leaf dry weight, and annual bunch production.

Removal of nutrients and bromatological quality of corn in high productivity crops

Corn has been the most used plant for the production of silage of high bromatological value, aiming at feeding dairy cows of medium to high productivity. Several techniques have been proposed to increase the productivity of crops and the bromatological quality of silages, including new agricultural practices in the implantation and management of crops and also new procedures during cutting and ensiling. In the present work, soil fertility, nutritional status, dry matter production, nutrient removal and chemical quality of maize destined for silage were evaluated in four high productivity crops. The evaluations were carried out in rural properties in the Zona da Mata Mineira, which intensively use the production of corn silage to feed dairy cows. Samplings for the evaluation of soil fertility, nutritional status and production and accumulation of nutrients were carried out systematically. In the female inflorescence emission phase, the leaf blade was analyzed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn contents, systematically sampling seven areas of 3, 5 m2 each. When the aerial biomass of the plants presented an average of 33% of dry matter, the forage production of the crop was evaluated, sampling again, in the same areas used to evaluate the soil fertility and the nutritional status of the plants. The corn was cut at about 20 cm above the ground and the plant material was weighed and passed through a forage chopper. Subsamples of this material were analyzed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S contents. Soil fertility in the crops of the small rural properties assessed was medium to high, with phosphorus contents ranging from 10 to 20 mg dm- 3, while for potassium this variation ranged from 40 to 89 mg dm-3. In the soils of the four analyzed crops, there was no exchangeable aluminum in the 0 to 20 cm layer, and in the 20 to 40 cm layer, aluminum saturation in crops 1 and 3 was also small, less than 5%. It was found that all crops had adequate mineral nutrition for both macros and micronutrients. The production of dry matter and nutrient accumulation in the aerial biomass of maize in the crops were high. The average value of dry matter accumulation was close to 20.0 t per hectare, and the average removal of nutrients, by harvesting the aerial part of the corn for silage, was 247, 34, 245, 34, 23 and 22 kg per hectare for N, P, K, Ca, Mg and sulfur, respectively. The average values of crude protein, NDF, ADF, lignin and starch were, respectively, in g kg-1, 78; 460; 258; 40 and 277, characterizing forage of good bromatological quality.

Reproductive biology of Butia capitata (Arecaceae) under cultivation - indicators for the domestication of a threatened fruit tree

Butia capitata is a netropical palm that has ecological and economic importance but is threatened by deforestation. The domestication of the species would contribute to its conservation and to income generation. However, there are gaps in knowledge about the phenology, floral biology and pollination of B. capitata and information on these topics is crucial to support breeding programs. We describe here the phenology and reproductive biology of B. capitata under cultivation and evaluated the storage potential of its pollen. Phenological and morphological evaluations of inflorescence and fruit development were carried out during both the rainy and dry seasons, the dynamics of anthesis and stigmatic receptivity were monitored and the reproductive system was experimentally evaluated. Pollen grain storage under different conditions was investigated for six months. Inflorescence emission were more rapid in the rainy season, with greater numbers of infructescences as well as fruit weight. Cross-pollination was predominant due to protandry, with a sterile period from one to six days. Cross- and open- pollination are the most efficient reproductive systems (46 and 47% fruting, respectively). Fruit fixation does not occur under spontaneous self-pollination or apomixis, while artificial self-pollination induces only a small fruiting rate. Pollen grain viability was maintained for 180 days under both refrigeration (4 °C) and freezing (-20 °C) conditions, but was less than 30 days under natural environmental conditions. The cultivation allows the production in the off-season of natural populations and pollen grain storage and artificial cross-pollination are promising possibilities for increasing the productivity of B. capitata orchards.

Produção de couve-flor ornamental com uso de regulador de crescimento

ABSTRACT Some vegetables have been used as an innovation in the ornamental plant market, such as cauliflower, which has well-defined morphological traits. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of paclobutrazol, applied via soil, in order to produce cauliflower for ornamental purposes. The design used was completely randomized with five treatments and seven replicates. The treatments consisted of doses of the growth regulator paclobutrazol (PBZ) (0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0 mg dm-3) and the control (without application). For vegetative growth, we evaluated number of leaves, stem diameter, plant height, leaf area, total chlorophyll, flavonoid index, and nitrogen balance. For production, we evaluated fresh mass of shoot and root, fresh and dry weight, diameter and length of the inflorescences. The application of PBZ promoted significant changes in the development of the cauliflower, resulting in more compact plants, with shorter stems, smaller leaves and a more intense green color (visual observation), and also early inflorescence emission. The authors verified higher fresh and dry weight, diameter and longer inflorescence with application of 0.5 mg dm-3 of PBZ, demonstrating the potential of PBZ to obtain mini cauliflower to serve the potted plant market.

Morphoagronomic and molecular characterization of Euterpe oleracea accessions from eastern Brazilian Amazon

Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) - a common tropical palm has high social, economic, and environmental importance in the Amazon region. In the light of increasing exploration to obtain the fruit and heart of this palms, comprehensive studies are warranted for conservation and genetic improvement. Here, we characterized açaí accessions using phenological, morphological, and agronomic descriptors and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) molecular markers for joint selection of accessions with greater productivity. Hundred accessions were analyzed using 18 morphoagronomic descriptors and 13 RAPD markers. The spathe and inflorescence emission phases during flowering and fruiting showed seasonality. Based on the coefficient of variation and mean squared error, the accessions exhibited high variability in the tested morphoagronomic descriptors and were distributed into seven groups. Fruit, seed, and pulp weights were important descriptors for the distinction of accessions and identification of those with greater productivity. The accessions presented >85% similarity, and 85 accessions, distributed in nine subgroups, could not be differentiated using RAPD markers. There was no correlation between grouping based on morphometric descriptors and RAPD markers. Panicle weight was 3.9-9.0 kg in 15 accessions and 100-fruit pulp weight was 35-50 g in six accessions. Therefore, accessions with high productivity could be selected.

First report and damage description of Calodesma collaris (Drury, 1782) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) caterpillars on Aechmea winkleri Reitz, 1975 (Bromeliaceae)

Abstract We report for the first time the occurrence of Calodesma collaris (Drury, 1782) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) caterpillars on Aechmea winkleri Reitz, 1975 (Bromeliaceae) and describe the damage it causes on these plants. The consumption of leaf tissue, accumulation of excrements and inhibition of inflorescence emission caused by larvae of C. collaris can result in plants of A. winkleri that are not suitable for ornamental or landscaping purposes.

Influence of Different ‘Prata-Anã’ Banana Bunch Ages on Post-Harvest Quality

Objective: To determine the ideal harvest season of ‘Prata-Anã’ banana bunches by means of physical and chemical analyses of fruit cultivation conditions in the northern state of Minas Gerais.
 Study Design: The employed experimental design was the completely randomized design was used in a 5x5 factorial scheme, with five bunch ages and five assessment days.
 Study Location and Duration: The experiment was run in an area with banana trees planted 20 months beforehand, located at Unimontes’s Experimental Farm, at 530 m of altitude, with coordinates being -15°43’46.99” south latitude and -43°19’17.61”west longitude, between April and November 2017.
 Methodology: The bananas bunches the were marked weekly from April 14 to May 12, and week days were standardized for each marking. Five bunch ages were defined – 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 weeks after inflorescence emission – for harvest. For differentiation of emerged bunches, tapes of different color were used. When the bunches marked in the first week completed 20 weeks, all bunches were harvested, which happened on September 1. After harvested the fruits were subjected to storage in refrigerated chamber at 10°C ± 1°C and relative humidity of 90% +5% for 25 days. After being stored for 25 days, the bananas were taken out of the chamber and exposed to a room temperature of 25°C, which analyzes were performed for 9 days, with a two-day interval in between, simulating the marketing period. The following analyses were carried out: Firmness, peel color, soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, amide, total sugars, reducing sugars and electrolyte extravasation.
 Results: Lower hue, chroma, soluble solids, titratable acidity, total sugar, reducing sugar and electrolyte extravasation values were found for bananas harvested at 16 weeks.
 Conclusion: Bunch harvest age had a direct influence on post-harvest quality of bananas ‘Prata-Anã’. Fruits from 16-week bunches were superior in physical and chemical characteristics compared to other ages, meaning a longer post-harvest life.

Growth and nutrient uptake by potted foliage anthurium

Nutrient uptake study is important to understand the plant nutritional requirements during its growth and to identify periods of increased nutrient demand and, thus to establish fertilization program. The objective was to determine the growth and the nutrient uptake by potted foliage anthurium. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse and the experimental design was completely randomized with ten times of plant sampling (0; 30; 60; 90; 120; 150; 180; 240; 300; and 360 days after transplanting) and five replicates. Anthurium maricense Nadruz & Mayo seeds were germinated in polyethylene trays filled with commercial substrate and the seedlings were transplanted into plastic pots (1.16 L capacity) when reached four leaves. Plant height, leaf number and foliar area were determined every sampling. Blades with petioles, stem, inflorescence and roots were collected and dry mass and nutrients accumulation were determined. Foliage anthurium plants showed initial development but from the 180 days of planting, which corresponds with the beginning of the inflorescence emission, there was a marked increase in height, leaf area, and dry mass and nutrient accumulation. Nutrient accumulation after 360 DAT followed the decreasing order: K > Ca > N > Mg > P > S > Mn> Fe > Zn > B > Cu.

AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF SINGLE HEAD BROCCOLI CULTIVARS UNDER PROTECTED ENVIRONMENT IN TROPICAL CONDITIONS

Growing broccoli in tropical regions is a challenge, as high temperatures hamper plant development. The objective of this work was to evaluate broccoli cultivars of the single inflorescence type under protected environment under tropical conditions. The cultivation was carried out in a protected arc-type environment, covered with a 120μm anti-UV-A and UV-B plastic film. A randomized block design (DBC) with four cultivars (BRO068, Imperial, Salinas and TPC07118) was used, with six replications. It was evaluated: Fresh weight (g plant-¹), curd diameter (cm), Yeld (ton ha-¹). plant height (cm), cycle, inflorescence emission, the harvest period and adaptability. The visual aspect index and the commercial classification were also evaluated. The Imperial hybrid presented better adaptation to the crop and higher productivity with 7.69 t ha -1 .

Redução do porte e produção das bananeiras 'Prata-Anã' e 'FHIA-01'tratadas com paclobutrazol

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar os componentes de produção e o ciclo de bananeiras tratadas com paclobutrazol (PBZ). Foram testadas cinco doses de PBZ (0,0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; e 2,0 g planta-1), aplicadas sobre o solo em torno das bananeiras 'Prata-Anã' e 'FHIA-01', aos quatro meses após o plantio. Os dados foram obtidos durante o primeiro ciclo, e os cachos foram colhidos quando os primeiros frutos apresentaram a cor da casca amarela. O ciclo médio foi de 507 dias, não diferindo em função de doses e cultivares. O PBZ reduziu o porte das plantas das duas cultivares. O aumento das doses de PBZ aumentou o número de folhas ativas na época da emissão da inflorescência da 'Prata-Anã', mas os efeitos sobre o cacho foram prejudiciais, com redução do número, do comprimento comercial e do diâmetro dos frutos, o que provocou redução na massa dos cachos e na produtividade. Na cultivar FHIA-01, o PBZ conferiu redução do porte das plantas e melhor sustentação do cacho, não influenciando na produtividade da cultura. A dose mais indicada de PBZ na bananeira 'FHIA 01' está em torno de 1,0 g planta-1. Para a 'Prata-Anã', não se recomenda o uso de PBZ.

Desenvolvimento de gramados submetidos à aplicação de retardadores de crescimento em diferentes condições de luminosidade

Com o objetivo de avaliar o desenvolvimento das gramas Bermuda (Cynodon dactylon), Esmeralda (Zoysia japonica) e São Carlos (Axonopus compressus) submetidas a subdoses de herbicidas e reguladores de crescimento em duas condições de luminosidade, três experimentos foram conduzidos em estufa plástica em Paraguaçu Paulista-SP, de setembro a dezembro de 2006. Para cada espécie de grama, o delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 6 x 2, com quatro repetições; foram estudados dois reguladores de crescimento (trinexapac-ethyl e ethephon) e três herbicidas aplicados em subdoses (clethodim, imazethapyr e metsulfuron-methyl) e uma testemunha sem aplicação. Todos os tratamentos foram avaliados em duas condições de luminosidade, representadas por ausência de sombreamento (0%) e sombreamento parcial (50%). Os resultados obtidos aos 63 dias após aplicação evidenciaram que o trinexapac-ethyl (250 g ha¹), clethodim (12 g ha-1) e imazethapyr (12 g ha-1) apresentaram-se como os melhores retardadores do desenvolvimento vegetativo das gramas C. dactylon (65,8, 29,6 e 18,7%), Z. japonica (66,2, 40,7 e 49,7%) e A. compressus (56,5, 10,3 e 17,2%) e da emissão de inflorescências de C. dactylon (100,0, 95,9 e 89,6%), em baixa e alta luminosidade. Os tratamentos ethephon (300 g ha-1) e metsulfuron-methyl (3,6 g ha-1) destacaram-se como as melhores opções para redução do desenvolvimento vegetativo (15,5 e 26,7%) e da matéria seca das raízes (34,7 e 33,9%) da grama São Carlos (A. compressus), quando comparados ao trinexapac-ethyl. Para gramados de C. dactylon e Z. japonica, em condições em que a preservação da estética é fundamental, os herbicidas clethodim e imazethapyr podem substituir o regulador de crescimento trinexapac-ethyl, em razão do menor dano visual no gramado. Novos estudos com reguladores de crescimentos e subdoses de herbicidas devem ser conduzidos com outras gramas cultivadas, de forma a viabilizar recomendações eficientes e seguras, com embasamento em informações científicas geradas em condições brasileiras.

Características morfológicas de gramas em resposta à aplicação de trinexapac-ethyl

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de duas doses de trinexapac-ethyl sobre a morfologia das espécies de gramas São Carlos (Axonopus compressus), Batatais (Paspalum notatum), Santo Agostinho (Stenotaphrum secundatum) e Esmeralda (Zoysia japonica). Os gramados foram cortados à altura de 3 cm no início do experimento e 20 dias depois. Após cada corte, foram realizadas duas aplicações sequenciais de trinexapac-ethyl nas doses de 56,5 + 56,5 e 113,0 + 113,0 g ha-1 , além de uma testemunha sem aplicação, para cada espécie avaliada. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. A redução do crescimento foi avaliada por meio da altura das plantas. Semanalmente, o número e altura de inflorescências foram avaliados por amostragem, realizada em 0,25 m² no centro das parcelas; no final do experimento, avaliou-se a massa seca total. A aplicação do trinexapac-ethyl retardou o crescimento vegetativo e a emissão das inflorescências, assim como não provocou danos aparentes nos gramados. O uso do trinexapac-ethyl nos gramados avaliados pode reduzir a necessidade de cortes em até 55 dias após a segunda aplicação.

Modelo matemático para estimativa da área foliar total de bananeira 'Prata-anã'

O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um modelo para estimar a área foliar total de bananeira, cultivar Prata-Anã, utilizando dimensões lineares da terceira folha, como o comprimento, a largura e o número total de folhas na emissão da inflorescência. As regressões lineares foram determinadas considerando-se a área foliar total de cada planta (AFT) como variável dependente e o comprimento (C) e a largura (L) da terceira folha, o produto de CxL, o número total de folhas por planta (N) e o produto de CxLxN como variáveis independentes. O modelo linear que melhor estimou a área foliar total (AFTe) da bananeira 'Prata-Anã', ao nível de 5% de significância com R² de 0,89, foi a equação AFTe = 0,5187(CxLxN) + 9603,5.

Variabilidade genética e correlações entre caracteres de cultivares e híbridos de Heliconia psittacorum

The objective of this work was to study the genetic variability, the herdability and the correlations between floral stems characters important for the genetic improvement of cultivars and hybrids of H. psittacorum. After evaluation of seven H. psittacorum genotypes and hybrids it was observed variability from the traits: number of days for the inflorescence emission, after shoot formation (NDEI); number of days before harvesting the inflorescence, after inflorescence emission (NDCI); flower mass stem (MH); number of leaves in the stem at the moment of inflorescence emission (NFH); stem length (CH); and inflorescence length (CI). The higher herdability and genetic coefficients values were 97.33, 85.05, 84.98, 84.48 e 82.25%, for NDEI, CH, CI, NFH e MH, and 27.96, 23.02 and 16.89%, for NDEI, MH e CI, respectively. These results indicate a higher possibility of success to achieve better quality of flower stems by the selection of  these traits by the genetic breeding. The genetic correlation of NDEI with NFH was of 0.52, which may indicate the NFH as a marker for flowering. The trait CH demonstrated negative genetic correlation with NDEI and DCI (-0.72 and -0.81, respectively), which indicate that higher length of the stem was observed in genotypes with less days from harvest.

Tolerância do milheto (Pennisetum americanum) ao 2, 4-D

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os efeitos do 2,4-D sobre o crescimento das plantas, a produção de massa seca e verde e a produtividade de grãos do milheto. O experimento foi realizado no período de março a junho de 2006, em Rio Verde-GO, em um Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico. O milheto (cultivar ADR 500) foi semeado manualmente em área cultivada sob sistema de plantio direto, em espaçamento de 0,45 m, distribuindo-se 12 sementes por metro. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, sendo avaliadas quatro doses de 2,4-D (0, 335, 670 e 1.005 g ha-1) aplicadas em quatro épocas [10 dias após a emergência das plantas de milheto (DAE) (3 folhas); 20 DAE (5 a 6 folhas expandidas); 30 DAE (início de emissão da inflorescência); e 40 DAE (florescimento pleno)]. Para evitar a interferência das plantas daninhas na cultura, esta foi capinada manualmente, sempre que necessário. Não se observou nenhum sinal de intoxicação das plantas de milheto pelo 2,4-D aos 15 dias após a aplicação, independentemente da dose ou época de aplicação do herbicida. Todavia, as maiores doses de 2,4-D, em qualquer época de aplicação, provocaram menor acúmulo de massa verde e seca das plantas de milheto, quando se avaliaram os resultados no ponto de rolagem da cultura. O 2,4-D, independentemente da dose utilizada ou época de aplicação, não influenciou a produtividade de grãos do milheto.

Aspectos fenológicos e reprodutivos de <em>Vriesea incurvata</em> Gaudich (Bromeliaceae)

The results of phenological monitoring and quantification of seed production of Vriesa incurvata Gaudich were presented. The study was carried out in Rio da Onça State Park, (Matinhos, Paraná State, Brazil, 25 ° 50´S and 48° 30´W). The occurrence of flowering, fructification and dispersion phases, and sprouts were registered. In parallel, 30 inflorescences were collected in two dates (August, 2003 and 2004) in order to evaluated the size, number of developed fruits and amount of seeds. The flowering happened from January to February, with the highest level observed in April and May. Fructification and the emission of clone sprouts began in April and persisted through June and July. Dispersal started on August and continued until December. There were positive correlations between the phenophases of inflorescence emission to temperature and photoperiod. The fructification and emission of clone sprouts presented negative correlation with photoperiod during monitoring.

Densidade do sistema radicular da bananeira 'Pacovan' sob irrigação por aspersão

O presente trabalho foi realizado no município de Governador Dix-Sept Rosado, microrregião Açu-Apodi, no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, tendo como objetivo verificar os efeitos do sistema de irrigação por aspersão na densidade do sistema radicular da bananeira 'Pacovan'. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram duas amostragens por planta, realizadas do lado contrário ao da emissão da inflorescência, formando um ângulo de 45º. Em cada amostragem, foram realizadas quatro retiradas do material de solo a distâncias de 20 cm, sendo a primeira a 30 cm e a última a 90 cm do pseudocaule. A análise dos dados demonstrou que ocorreu redução linear no peso fresco e na densidade de comprimento de raízes da bananeira em função da profundidade do solo. Em relação à distância do pseudocaule da bananeira, tanto o peso fresco quanto a densidade de comprimento de raízes não mostraram resultados significativos.

Pollination ecology and breeding system of the very narrow coastal endemic Seseli farrenyi (Apiaceae). Effects of population fragmentation

The reproductive biology of Seseli farrenyi (Apiaceae), a very narrow endemic to Cape Creus (Catalonia, Spain), including flowering timing patterns, quantity and quality of pollination services (type and frequency of pollinators, pollen carryover, pollen deposition on stigmas and reproductive success measured as fruit set), and breeding system was studied. Given the decline of population size detected in the last twenty years, we also analyzed the effects of fragmentation on pollination mechanisms. Protandry along with strong synchrony of floral development within umbels and sequential inflorescence emission within individual stalks, produces sexual phase alternation that promotes a strong outcrossing despite its non‐specific pollination system and its (at least partial) self‐compatibility. This pronounced xenogamy is supported by results of the insect exclusion test, hand‐pollination experiments, and high P/O ratio. S. farrenyi flowers received visits from at least 28 species of insects, including wasps, small bees, ants, flies, syrphid flies, beetles and stink bugs, with different pollen carry‐overs. Heterospecific pollen on stigmas decreased notably during the season (50% to 2.5%), averaging 12%. In the small population the stigmatic pollen loads and seed set decreased, but there was no effect of pollinator visitation rates. It was more affected by the composition of pollinators and their efficiency. The wind had a considerable effect on the plant. Some conservation measures are proposed.

AVALIAÇÃO AGROTECNOLÓGICA E DO CICLO DE VARIEDADES DE ABACAXIZEIRO, EM DUAS DENSIDADES, EM VOTUPORANGA (SP)

Desenvolveu-se um experimento, no Noroeste paulista, em duas densidades de cultivo, com o objetivo de estudar as variedades de abacaxizeiro existentes no Estado, com potencial produtivo e de qualidade de fruto, e muito mais resistentes à fusariose que as duas comerciais, a saber: Smooth Cayenne, Pérola (únicas cultivadas comercialmente no Brasil e ambas muito suscetíveis à fusariose), Rondon e Turi Verde. As densidades de cultivo foram D1 = 60.606 plantas/hectare - linhas duplas de 30 x 30 x 80 cm, e D2 = 35.714 plantas/hectare - 40 x 40 x 100 cm. Efetuou-se o experimento em parcelas subdivididas, com as principais (densidades) dispostas em blocos ao acaso com seis repetições. As subparcelas (variedades) constaram de duas linhas duplas com doze plantas úteis. Mediram-se, em cada planta, os períodos de emissão natural da inflorescência, os tempos decorridos desde essa emissão até o início e o término de florescimento e, deste último, até a colheita. Determinaram-se as dimensões e a massa dos frutos e das coroas, o número de mudas produzidas e, na polpa dos frutos, o grau Brix, a acidez, o pH, o teor de vitamina C e de textura. A variedade Smooth Cayenne apresentou maior produtividade de frutos (47%) e maior teor de sólidos solúveis da polpa (30%) que a média de `Pérola' e `Rondon'. Os resultados indicam a viabilidade de utilização da `Rondon' no cultivo comercial, como opção para substituir a `Pérola'. O aproveitamento da soca das variedades foi viável apenas na `Rondon', que mostrou frutos precoces e pouco menores que os da primeira produção. A maior densidade de cultivo proporcionou, na média das variedades, maior produtividade de frutos (56%), menor massa média de frutos e de coroas (10%) e menor número de filhotes por planta (14%).