Inflammatory Variables Research Articles

Interpersonal Stressors Predicting Inflammation in Adolescents: Moderation by Emotion Regulation and Heart Rate Variability?

This study assessed interpersonal stressors (peer adversity and parental rejection) as predictors of adolescents’ circulating inflammatory markers, while examining emotion regulation and parasympathetic nervous system activity (at rest, reactivity, and recovery) as potential protective moderators. Data were collected in a Belgian cohort of adolescents in 2017 (n=185, 51.4% boys, 10-18y) and 2018 (n=98), and included serum inflammatory markers (CRP, TNFα, IFNγ, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10), peer adversity, parental rejection, emotion regulation and heart rate variability (RMSSD-HRV, at rest and in 2018 also in response to a Trier Social Stress Test). Contrary to the hypothesis, interpersonal stressors were negatively related to TNFα (in 2017 and 2018), IFNγ (in 2017 and longitudinally) and IL-6 (in 2018). In 23% of the tested associations, HRV at rest was a significant moderator: the negative stressor-inflammation associations were present only among adolescents with low HRV resting values. No significant moderation by HRV reactivity or recovery was detected. After correction for multiple testing, all above-mentioned significant findings disappeared. These unexpected findings may suggest that the positive association between stress exposure and circulating markers of inflammation is not yet detectable in adolescence and perhaps becomes evident only later in life.

Clinical Significance of Combined Detection of CCL22 and IL-1 as Potential New Bronchial Inflammatory Mediators in Children's Asthma.

Severe asthma is a significant health burden because children with severe asthma are vulnerable to medication-related side effects, life-threatening deterioration, and impaired quality of life. However, there is a lack of data to elucidate the role of inflammatory variables in asthma. This study aimed to compare the levels of inflammatory factors in serum and sputum in children with acute and stable asthma to those in healthy children and the ability to predict clinical response to azithromycin therapy. This study recruited 95 individuals aged 1-3 years old and collected data from January 2018 to 2020. We examined serum and sputum inflammatory factors and constructed the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) model. Predictive models were constructed through multifactor logistic regression and presented in the form of column-line plots. The performance of the column-line diagrams was measured by subject work characteristics (ROC) curves, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Then, filter-paper samples were collected from 45 children with acute asthma who were randomly assigned to receive either azithromycin (10 mg/kg, n = 22) or placebo (n = 23). Pretreatment levels of immune mediators were then analyzed and compared with clinical response to azithromycin therapy. Of the 95 eligible participants, 21 (22.11%) were healthy controls, 29 (30.53%) had stable asthma, and 45 (47.37%) had acute asthma. The levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α), chemokine CCL22 (CCL22), interleukin 12 (IL-12), chemokine CCL4 (CCL4), chemokine CCL2 (CCL2), and chemokine CCL13 (CCL13）were significantly higher in the acute asthma group than in the stable asthma group. A logistic regression analysis was performed using CCL22 and IL-1 as independent variables. Additionally, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-13, and CCL22 were identified in the LASSO model. Finally, we found that CCL22 and IL-1 were more responsive in predicting the response to azithromycin treatment. Our results show that CCL22 and IL-1 are both representative markers during asthma symptom exacerbations and an immune mediator that can predict response to azithromycin therapy.

Advanced quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of lower extremity muscle microtrauma after marathon: a mini review.

This article reviews the existing literature and outlines recent advances in quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques for the assessment of lower extremity muscle microtrauma following a marathon. Single-modality quantitative MRI techniques include T2 mapping to assess the dynamics of muscle inflammatory edema and variability at the site of injury, Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) to detect subclinical changes in muscle injury, Intravoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM) imaging to provide simultaneous information on perfusion and diffusion in muscle tissue without the need for intravenous contrast, and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) to noninvasively detect intramyocellular lipid (IMCL)content in muscle before and after marathon exercise to explain the use of fatty acids as an energy source in skeletal muscle during long-distance running. As well as Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) is particularly suitable for detecting changes in free creatine, pH values and lactate concentrations in muscles before and after exercise, providing a more detailed picture of muscle physiology and chemistry. These metabolic MRI methods enhance the understanding of biochemical alterations occurring in muscles pre- and post-exercise. Multimodal techniques combine different modalities to provide a comprehensive evaluation of muscle structural and functional changes. These advanced techniques aim to better assess microtrauma and guide clinical treatment, though further validation with larger studies is needed to establish their potential over traditional qualitative methods.

Bioinformatics and network pharmacology discover the molecular mechanism of Liuwei Dihuang pills in treating cerebral palsy.

A collection of chronic central motor, postural, and activity restriction symptoms are referred to as cerebral palsy (CP). Previous research suggests that a number of perinatal variables, including hypoxia, may be linked to CP. And the pathophysiological process that causes brain injury in growing fetuses is mostly caused by amniotic fluid infection and intra-amniotic inflammation. Still, there is still much to learn about the molecular mechanism of CP. The goal of this study was to identify the molecular mechanism of Liuwei Dihuang pill (LWDHP) in the treatment of CP using network pharmacology and bioinformatics. The Chinese medicine database provided the LWDHP components and targets, the CP illness gene data set was gathered from a disease, and the expression profile of children with CP was chosen from anther database. Using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and gene ontology databases, a network of interactions between proteins was created, and functional enrichment analysis was carried out. Analysis of traditional Chinese medicine found that the key active ingredients of LWDHP are quercetin, Stigmasterol and kaempferol. Through enrichment analysis, it was found that the hub genes for LWDHP treatment of CP are CXCL8, MMP9, EGF, PTGS2, SPP1, BCL2L1, MMP1, and AR. K EGG analysis found that LWDHP treatment of CP mainly regulates PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, etc. To summarize, LWDHP regulates immunological and inflammatory variables through a variety of components, targets, and signaling pathways, which plays a significant role in the development and management of CP.

Comparison of Metabolic Syndrome, Autoimmune and Viral Distinctive Inflammatory Related Conditions as Affected by Body Mass Index.

Background: Metabolic inflammation (MI), long COVID (LC) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) share some metabolic common manifestations and inflammatory pathophysiological similarities. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and metabolic age are indicators of health status. The "METAINFLAMMATION-CM Y2020/BIO-6600" project, a prospective controlled study, aimed to identify differential diagnostic tools and clinical features among three inflammatory conditions by comparing obesity status (low BMI vs. high BMI). Methods: A total of 272 adults of both Caucasian and Hispanic descent, diagnosed with MI, LC or SLE, and a range of BMI, were recruited. Clinical and phenotypic traits were measured to analyze body composition, metabolic and inflammatory markers, HRQoL data, metabolic age and lifestyle habits using a 3 × 2 (disease × BMI) factorial design. Results: Some inflammatory related variables, such as fibrinogen, RDW (red cell blood distribution width), ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and NLR (neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio), showed effect modifications depending on the BMI and disease type. In relation to HRQoL, the Physical Component Summary (PCS12) showed no relevant changes, while the Mental Component Summary (MCS12) showed a significant effect modification according to the disease type and BMI (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a significant interaction was identified between the disease type and BMI in relation to metabolic age (p = 0.02). Conclusions: Assessing the impact of BMI on these three inflammatory diseases may help to prevent clinical complications and to design personalized treatments, especially for patients with SLE, who have a worse prognosis with an increased BMI compared to the other two inflammatory diseases.

Anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects of geraniin in spinal cord injury in rat: role of COX-2.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is devastating diseases affecting the degeneration of the spinal column, and vascular problems. However, the currently available therapeutic interventions are insufficient to address the effect of SCI which leads to significant impact on the morbidity and mortality of patients. In the present manuscript, we intend to investigate the pharmacological effect of geraniin on the SCI in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The SCI in rats were induced by the conventional weight-drop method and treated with GER (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg). Subsequently, the locomotor activity of rats with SCI was assessed using Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scores, while oxidative stress indicators and inflammatory variables were analyzed using commercially available kits. Additionally, neuronal death was quantified using TUNEL labeling. The enzymatic activity of caspase 3, 8, and 9 was also assessed. Furthermore, the expression levels of Bcl2, Bax, and COX-2 in rat spinal cords after SCI were analyzed by RT-PCR analysis. Our research indicated that therapy with GER in a manner that depends on the dosage could enhance the functional recovery, as well as reduce the occurrence of apoptosis, mitigate the inflammatory and oxidative response in rats with SCI. Furthermore, it was observed that GER increased the expression of Bcl2 and decreased the expression of Bax and COX-2. The concentration of caspase-3, -8, and -9 was observed to be decreased in SCI rats treated with GER. GER might protect the spinal cord from SCI by reducing apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response through the inhibition of COX-2.

Sensitization to Staphylococcus Enterotoxin: Relationship with Aspects of Disease Severity

Background/Objective: Sensitization to specific IgE Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins (SEs) is associated with an increased risk for severe asthma development. Limited data exist regarding the association of seropositivity for specific IgE SEs and the different aspects of severe asthma. We aimed to determine whether the presence of SEs is associated with asthma-related parameters such as inflammatory cells in the airways, features of airway remodeling, and other variables relating to asthma assessment and severity. Methods: Fifty patients with severe asthma were recruited in the study. Demographics, comorbidities, asthma duration, and asthma medication were recorded by treating physicians. Specific IgE SE measurement, lung function, atopic status, asthma control test (ACT), sputum induction, bronchoscopy with BAL, and indices of airway remodeling were also assessed. Results: Twelve patients were positive to enterotoxin sensitization. Patients seropositive to specific IgE SEs significantly differed in regard to FEV1% pred and FEV1/FVC ratio compared to seronegative ones. Analyzing the inflammatory variables obtained from induced sputum, BAL, and endobronchial biopsies, the only significant difference was that of smooth muscle area (SMA), which was greater in specific IgE SE seropositive patients. The multivariate linear regression analysis showed two significant associations of specific IgE SE seropositivity. We found a negative with FEV1% pred with beta standardized coefficient 95%CI −0.054 (−0.083, −0.031), p &lt; 0.001, and a positive with SMA with beta standardized coefficient 95%CI 0.054 (0.081, 0.037), p &lt; 0.001. Conclusions: Seropositivity to specific IgE SEs in severe asthma is associated with more severe airflow limitation, obstruction, and upregulation in SMA, indicating a possible role in the remodeling process.

Inflammatory and immune variables as predictors of survival in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease

BackgroundWe aimed to investigate the association between selected inflammatory and immune variables and survival of dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). We evaluated data of 62 client-owned dogs with MMVD, grouped into preclinical, stable congestive heart failure (CHF) and unstable CHF. Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to quantify the association of white blood cell count, concentrations and percentages of T lymphocytes and their subtypes (T helper lymphocytes, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, double positive T lymphocytes, double negative T lymphocytes) and B lymphocytes with survival. P values < 0.1 in individual groups and P values < 0.05 in the group of all patients were considered significant. Spearman correlation coefficients between significant covariates were calculated to assess the relationships among variables and with survival.ResultsIn the preclinical group, percentage of double positive T lymphocytes was negatively associated with survival (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.328; P = 0.051). In the unstable CHF, T lymphocyte (HR = 1.613; P = 0.085), cytotoxic T lymphocyte (HR = 1.562; P = 0.048), double positive (HR = 1.751; P = 0.042), and double negative T lymphocyte (HR = 1.613; P = 0.096) concentrations were negatively associated with survival, as well as cytotoxic T lymphocyte (HR = 1.502; P = 0.007) concentration in the group of all patients. The percentage of T helper lymphocytes was positively associated with survival in the unstable CHF (HR = 0.604; P = 0.053) and in the group of all patients (HR = 0.733; P = 0.044).The concentration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes positively correlated with left atrial to aortic ratio (LA/Ao) (rho = 0.259, P = 0.037), and peak velocity of early diastolic mitral flow (rho = 0.259, P = 0.039), whereas the percentage of T helper lymphocytes negatively correlated with left atrial to aortic ratio (LA/Ao) (rho = -0.212, P = 0.090) and early to late mitral flow ratio (rho = -0.232, P = 0.072).ConclusionsCytotoxic T lymphocytes, T helper lymphocytes, double positive and double negative T lymphocytes as well as biomarkers cardiac troponin I, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, C-reactive protein are implicated in the progression of MMVD.

Myths and facts of anti-ageing medicine

The anti-aging industry treats the body like a glass with evaporating liquid that needs replacement. We inject hormones to counteract hormonal deficiency. We forget that hormones must be in the optimal range to be functional. More is not better. Then we inject stem cells to replenish the body’s decline. We forget about immunorejection or tumorigenesis. We perform these treatments without longitudinal research that confirms the compatibility of specific individuals with the injected hormones or stem cells in their bodies. Marketing touts “virtually instant results” and “magically reversing aging,” but more often than not, truth and marketing are incompatible. Inflammation is generally considered to be one of the main reasons for ageing, along with increased toxicity and oxidative damage. Energy devices, stem cells or hormone injections must provide us with 10-15 years of longitudinal research that investigates the long-term results of these procedures by examining several inflammatory variables and other health factors, before touting their safety and efficacy. Anti-ageing should focus on cellular repair without interfering with or traumatising the body. We should capitalize on effective health-enhancing interventions like caloric restriction, novel exercise methods, nutrition, lifestyle and other alternative medicine modalities that can reduce age-accumulated toxicity and inflammation to reinforce immunity and delay aging.

Relationship of Inflammatory Mediators (Interleukin and Cortisol Concentrations) with Corneal Epithelial Quantifiable Metrics

PurposeTo investigate the relationship of inflammatory biomarkers with corneal epithelial quantifiable metrics in patients with keratoconus and in healthy eyes. DesignProspective observational comparative study. ParticipantsThis study included 100 eyes of 100 patients, 48 eyes of 48 patients with KC, and 52 healthy eyes of 52 healthy controls. MethodsThe concentrations of tear cytokines were investigated in both groups: interleukin (IL) 1B, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL12p70 and TNFα were obtained by capillary flow and measured using flow cytometer. Cortisol concentrations were determined in both groups from the most proximal hair segment as an index of cumulative secretion and measured by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Epithelial variables were obtained with optical coherence tomography (OCT). Pearson correlation (r) was used to measure linear dependence between two different variables. Main Outcome MeasuresInvestigating the existence, strength, and significance of any correlation between inflammatory biomarkers (IL1B, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL12p70, TNFα and hair cortisol concentration) and OCT corneal epithelial quantifiable variables such as minimum and maximum epithelial thickness of the map, difference between the minimum and maximum (Epithelial Min-Max) and standard deviation of the epithelial thickness of the map (Epithelial Std Dev) and average epithelial thickness of the superior and inferior regions of the map. ResultsEyes with keratoconus presented statistically significantly higher levels of IL1b (p=0.02), IL6 (p <0.0001), IL8 (p <0.0001), and TNFα (p <0.0001) and hair cortisol concentration (p=0.01) compared to healthy controls.There was a significant correlation between IL6 and measurement Epithelium Min-Max [Pearson= -0.59 (-0.69, -0.47); p<0.0001] and Epithelial standard deviation (Std Dev) [Pearson= +0.56 (0.44, 0.67); p<0.0001]. There was a significant correlation between hair cortisol concentration and Epithelium Min-Max [Pearson=-0.27 (-0.42, -0.1); p<0.0001] and Epithelium Std Dev groups [Pearson= +0.2 (0.03, 0.36); p=0.021]. There was also a significant correlation between TNFα and Epithelial Max. [Pearson= -0.37 (-0.55, 0.17); p<0.0001]. We found no significant correlation between the concentration of IL1b, IL8, IL10 and IL2p70 with any epithelium parameters. ConclusionsThe higher concentration of inflammatory markers (IL6 and hair cortisol) in eyes with keratoconus present a significant correlation with OCT metrics identifying epithelial variability, such as Epithelial Min-Max and Std Dev. These findings demonstrate the role of chronic inflammation in eyes with keratoconus, and that these epithelial changes detectable with OCT are sensitive to this inflammatory process.

Intestinal Dysbiosis, Tight Junction Proteins, and Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Recent studies point to intestinal permeability as an important factor in the establishment and development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Tight junctions (TJs) play a major role in intestinal homeostasis. The alteration of this homeostasis is related to RA. Furthermore, RA patients present dysbiosis and a lower microbiota diversity compared to healthy individuals. A cross-sectional study including RA patients and sex- and age-matched healthy controls was performed. The quantification of TJ proteins was carried out by ELISA. Gut microbiota was evaluated by NGS platform Ion Torrent S. The inflammatory variables included were DAS28, CRP, inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1, TNF-α) and oxidised LDL. Claudin-1 levels showed significant differences between groups. Results evidenced a correlation between claudin-1 values and age (r: -0.293; p < 0.05), IL6 (r: -0.290; p < 0.05) and CRP (r: -0.327; p < 0.05), and between zonulin values and both age (r: 0.267; p < 0.05) and TNFα (r: 0.266; p < 0.05). Moreover, claudin-1 and CRP levels are related in RA patients (β: -0.619; p: 0.045), and in patients with high inflammatory activity, the abundance of the genus Veillonella is positively associated with claudin-1 levels (β: 39.000; p: 0.004).

The Pivotal Role of Presepsin in Assessing Sepsis-Induced Cholestasis.

The serum levels of presepsin correlate with parameters indicating cholestasis in sepsis; however, the probability and significance of this association remain uncertain. We aimed to ascertain whether infection, as signaled by presepsin levels, is the primary determinant of elevated biliary parameters in sepsis. A unicenter, retrospective study included 396 COVID-free emergency-admitted patients, in which presepsin level was determined. Presepsin, neutrophil count, leukocyte count, C reactive protein, and fibrinogen evaluated the septic/inflammatory state. The statistically significant factors associated with cholestasis, ALT, and AST were analyzed by Fisher's exact test and Spearman regression with Bonferroni's correction. Presepsin emerged as the most likely variable correlated with all cholestasis markers: alkaline phosphatase (p = 7 × 10-8), gamma-glutamyl transferase (p = 5 × 10-10), and conjugated bilirubin (p = 4 × 10-15). Thrombocyte count, C reactive protein, age, creatinine, urea, lactate, and blood pressure, were associated with only one or two of these markers. In a sepsis setting, the increase in cholestasis-related parameters is associated with presepsin with a higher probability than hemodynamic, inflammatory, or coagulation-related variables. Determining this robust link between sepsis and cholestasis could eliminate unnecessary imaging procedures in critically ill patients, enabling clinicians to focus efforts on addressing the primary infectious cause.

Inflammatory biomarkers may be associated with poor outcomes after mechanical thrombectomy

BackgroundMechanical thrombectomy (MT) has become the mainstay of treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) recently. This case-control study aimed to identify the pivotal role of inflammation in the prognosis of AIS patients after MT.MethodsAltogether, 70 AIS patients who underwent MT were retrospectively recruited for this study. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to demonstrate the sensitivity and specificity of the inflammatory variables for predicting prognosis. A meta-analysis was performed to pool the published results together. Stata software was used for analysis.ResultsThere was no differences in pre-MT inflammatory biomarkers between patients who survived and those who died, as well as patients with modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–2 and mRS ≥ 3. In contrast, post-MT C-reactive protein (CRP) levels might be a potential parameter to predict death after thrombectomy [area under the curve (AUC), 95%confidence interval (CI), 0.737, 0.587–0.887; p = 0.005; optimal cutoff value = 4.565]. Moreover, post-MT monocyte count might be an appropriate parameter to predict poor long-term prognosis after thrombectomy (AUC, 95%CI, 0.704, 0.575–0.833; p = 0.017; optimal cutoff value = 0.345). A meta-analysis revealed that the pre-MT inflammatory indices, including white blood cell count (weighted mean difference, 95%CI, 1.32, 1.01—1.63), neutrophil count (1.23, 0.95—1.51), monocyte count (0.05, 0.02—0.09), neuthrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (2.42, 1.98—2.87) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (24.65, 7.99—41.32), were higher in patients with 3-month mRS ≥ 3, and the lymphocyte count (−0.31,−0.43 to −0.18) was lower in this cohort.ConclusionsInflammatory indices were significantly associated with the prognosis of patients undergoing MT, especially post-MT CRP and monocyte count, which can predict long-term outcomes.

Effects of Probiotics on Inflammatory Biomarkers and Its Associations With Cardiac Autonomic Function in Women With Arterial Hypertension: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Preclinical evidence suggests that probiotic administration may exert an anti-inflammatory effect and reduce autonomic dysfunction and blood pressure. This study evaluated the effects of probiotic therapy on inflammatory biomarkers and characterized the correlations between inflammation and cardiac autonomic function in women with arterial hypertension. Women were randomized into probiotics (n = 20) or placebo (n = 20). The probiotic group received 109CFU/day of Lactobacillus (L.) paracasei LPC-37, L. rhamnosus HN001, L. acidophilus NCFM, and Bifidobacterium lactis HN019, and the placebo group received polydextrose. Clinical, electrocardiogram, heart rate variability (HRV) analysis, and cytokine levels were assessed at baseline and after 8weeks. Women who received probiotics for 8weeks had increased serum levels of IL-17A (p = 0.02) and decreased INF-γ (p = 0.02) compared to baseline. Probiotic supplementation increased serum levels of IL-10 compared to the placebo group (p = 0.03). Probiotic or placebo administration did not change serum levels of TNFα and IL-6. Serum levels of IL-2 (p = 0.001, and p = 0.001) and IL-4 (p = 0.001, and p = 0.001) were reduced in women receiving placebo or probiotics, respectively. Correlations between HRV indices and inflammatory variables showed that INF-γ was positively correlated with heart rate (HR) and sympathetic HRV indices and negatively correlated with vagal HRV indices. IL-10 was negatively correlated with HR and sympathetic HRV indices. IL-6 was negatively correlated with parasympathetic HRV indices and positively correlated with SD2/SD1 ratio. Probiotic therapy has a discreet anti-inflammatory effect in hypertensive women, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were negatively correlated with vagal modulation and positively correlated with sympathetic modulation of HRV.The clinical trial was registered in the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC) with the identification RBR-9mj2dt.

Comparison of angiotensin converting enzyme 1 levels to the grading of knee osteoarthritis

Background and aim. One of the most prevalent chronic joint illnesses is osteoarthritis (OA), which can impair a patient's quality of life by causing joint pain, stiffness, deformity, and narrowed joint spaces. Many factors influence the pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis such as age and body weight, as well as genetic factors that are reported to play a role in the occurrence and progression of Osteoarthritis. Recently, many studies have demonstrated that inflammatory variables contribute to osteoarthritis pathomechanisms. It is currently thought that inflammatory variables alone are an independent risk factor for osteoarthritis. Methods. Observational sub-analysis with a cross-sectional approach to examine the relationship between Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 1 (ACE 1) levels and the grading of osteoarthritis at “Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo” Hospital from October 2020 to February 2021. ACE 1 levels were measured using the Elisa KIT and grading of osteoarthritis using the Kellgren and Lawrence criteria. Results. Analysis of the relationship between ACE 1 levels and osteoarthritis grading using the ANOVA test and Post Hoc Bonferonni Test showed a significant relationship between ACE 1 levels and osteoarthritis grading, where high ACE 1 levels were related to osteoarthritis grading. Deficiency and insufficiency (p&lt;0.05). The results of this study are in line with previous research. Conclusion. The higher the ACE 1 level, the more severe the degree of knee osteoarthritis.

#704 Albumin, inflammation and nutrition in hemodialisis patients in Colombia: a cohort study

Abstract Background and Aims Hypoalbuminemia is a well-identified risk factor for mortality in chronic hemodialysis patients. As a negative acute phase reactant, albumin levels could be associated with several factors that affect the patient on hemodialysis (HD), such as alterations in the rate of hepatic synthesis, an increase in the rate of catabolism, or an increase in losses due to the dialysis process. The objective of the present study is to analyze serum albumin values in repeated measurements over time in two cohorts, one with expanded HD (HDx) enabled by the medium cut-off membrane (MCO) Theranova and the other with high flux (HF) HD and estimate the relationship with other relevant variables. Method Cohort study, one with HDx enabled by Theranova® and the other with HF HD, adult prevalent HD patients (&amp;gt; 90 days) at Baxter Renal Care Services Colombia starting between September 1, 2017, and November 30, 2017, with follow-up for up to 48 months. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were summarized descriptively, and a mixed linear model with repeated measures was performed to evaluate the association between dialysis membrane and albumin levels, controlling for confounding variables. Results We evaluated 1092 patients (62% male): 533 in HF-HD vs. 559 in HDx (Table 1); the median age was 61 years, 42% had a history of diabetes, and 19% had cardiovascular disease. We found no differences in albumin levels over time when comparing Theranova versus HF HD patients, p-value = 0.789 (see Fig. 1). No association between serum albumin levels and the Theranova dialyzer was found with the linear mixed model with repeated measures when controlling for confounding variables, p-value= 0.198. On the other hand, we found that serum albumin was associated with inflammatory and nutritional variables such as C reactive protein, Ratio platelets/lymphocytes, and Protein Energy Wasting (PEW) (Table 2). Conclusion Variables including nutritional status and inflammation, age, and hospitalization events are associated with serum albumin levels varying over time. Variation in serum albumin levels over time are not associated with type of dialyzer (Theranova® vs HF).

The 3'UTR Polymorphisms in the NLRP3 Gene Associated with the Risk of COPD and Their Putative Effects on the microRNA Mechanism.

Aims: Evaluating the association between a single nucleotide polymorphism in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of the miRNA binding site of the NLRP3 gene and the occurrence and development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and providing information to aid in the early detection and treatment of COPD. Materials and Methods: The regulatory single nuclear polymorphisms (SNPs) located in NLRP3 3'UTR were searched by using the dbSNP database and miRNA binding site prediction database. Meanwhile, samples from COPD patients and healthy controls in the same period were used for verification. The clinical baseline information of all subjects was collected, and the transcription level and protein expression level of NLRP3 and the expression level of inflammatory factors downstream of NLRP3 were detected. The effects of SNPs' single nucleotide changes on the transcription and expression of inflammatory factors were analyzed. Results: The study included 418 participants (249 in the COPD group and 169 in the control group). NLRP3 SNPs with miRNA binding sites include rs10754558 (G > C), rs1664774076 (ATAT > del), and rs1664775106 (C > G). Furthermore, two genotypes, GCG and GCA, were discovered to have a linkage mutation at 3'UTR 459-461. COPD susceptibility is tightly associated with the expression of the rs1664774076 del/del genotype, and the risk of COPD increased by 2.770 times (p = 0.003). Type 459-461 GCA was substantially related to the likelihood of developing COPD at various stages (p < 0.05). Except for rs10754558, all homozygous mutants increased NLRP3 mRNA and protein levels. NLRP3 had the greatest area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for predicting the development and diagnosis of COPD when compared with its downstream inflammatory variables (AUC = 0.9291). Conclusions: The NLRP3 rs1664774076 del/del genotype is a COPD susceptibility gene, and the GCA genotype at 459-461 can be used as an early predictor of COPD exacerbation. The NLRP3 3'UTR polymorphism may alter the loss of miRNA binding sites, leading to an increase in NLRP3 expression. In the development of COPD, NLRP3 has a better diagnostic value than traditional inflammatory factors. The Clinical Trials Registration number Z: protocol KY01-2020-11-06.

Effect of inflammatory response on joint function after hip fracture in elderly patients: A clinical study

BACKGROUND Excellent hip joint function facilitates limb recovery and improves the quality of survival. This study aimed to investigate the potential risk factors affecting postoperative joint functional activity and outcomes in elderly hip fractures patients and to provide evidence for patient rehabilitation and clinical management. AIM To explore the relationship between inflammatory factors and hip function and the interaction between inflammation and health after hip fracture in elderly patients. METHODS The elderly patients who had hip fracture surgery at our hospital between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2022 were chosen for this retrospective clinical investigation. Patients with excellent and fair postoperative hip function had their clinical information and characteristics gathered and compared. Age, gender, fracture site, surgical technique, laboratory indices, and other variables that could have an impact on postoperative joint function were all included in a univariate study. To further identify independent risk factors affecting postoperative joint function in hip fractures, risk factors that showed statistical significance in the univariate analysis were then included in a multiple logistic regression analysis. In addition to this, we also compared other outcome variables such as visual analogue scale and length of hospital stay between the two groups. RESULTS A total of 119 elderly patients with hip fractures were included in this study, of whom 37 were male and 82 were female. The results of univariate logistic regression analysis after excluding the interaction of various factors showed that there was a statistically significant difference in interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, C-reactive protein (CRP), and complement C1q (C1q) between the fair and excellent joint function groups (P &lt; 0.05). The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that IL-6 &gt; 20 pg/mL [(Odds ratio (OR) 3.070, 95%CI: 1.243-7.579], IL-8 &gt; 21.4 pg/ mL (OR 3.827, 95%CI: 1.498-9.773), CRP &gt; 10 mg/L (OR 2.142, 95%CI: 1.020-4.498) and C1q &gt; 233 mg/L (OR 2.339, 95%CI: 1.094-5.004) were independent risk factors for poor joint function after hip fracture surgery (all P &lt; 0.05). CONCLUSION After hip fractures in older patients, inflammatory variables are risk factors for fair joint function; therefore, early intervention to address these markers is essential to enhance joint function and avoid consequences.

The neuroimmune pathway of high-altitude adaptation: influence of erythrocytes on attention networks through inflammation and the autonomic nervous system.

Many studies have shown that the functional adaptation of immigrants to high-altitude is closely related to oxygen transport, inflammatory response and autonomic nervous system. However, it remains unclear how human attention changes in response to hypoxia-induced neurophysiological activity during high-altitude exposure. In the present study, we analyzed the relationship between hypoxic-induced neurophysiological responses and attention networks in 116 immigrants (3,680 m) using an attention network test to simultaneously record electroencephalogram and electrocardiogram in combination with specific routine blood markers. Our analysis revealed that red blood cells exert an indirect influence on the three attention networks, mediated through inflammatory processes and heart rate variability. The present study provides experimental evidence for the role of a neuroimmune pathway in determining human attention performance at high- altitude. Our findings have implications for understanding the complex interactions between physiological and neurocognitive processes in immigrants adapting to hypoxic environments.

Intestinal microbiota composition and efficacy of iron supplementation in Peruvian children.

Despite repeated public health interventions, anemia prevalence among children remains a concern. We use an evolutionary medicine perspective to examine the intestinal microbiome as a pathway underlying the efficacy of iron-sulfate treatment. This study explores whether gut microbiota composition differs between anemic children who respond and do not respond to treatment at baseline and posttreatment and if specific microbiota taxa remain associated with response to iron supplementation after controlling for relevant inflammatory and pathogenic variables. Data come from 49 pre-school-aged anemic children living in San Juan de Lurigancho, Lima, Peru. We tested for differences in alpha and beta diversity using QIIME 2 and performed differential abundance testing in DESeq2 in R. We ran multivariate regression models to assess associations between abundance of specific taxa and response while controlling for relevant variables in Stata 17. While we found no evidence for gut microbiota diversity associated with child response to iron treatment, we observed several differential abundance patterns between responders and non-responders at both timepoints. Additionally, we present support for a nonzero relationship between lower relative abundance of Barnesiellaceae and response to iron supplementation in samples collected before and after treatment. While larger studies and more specific approaches are needed to understand the relationship between microbes and anemia in an epidemiological context, this study suggests that investigating nutritional status and pathogen exposure is key to better understanding the gut microbiome and impact of iron fortification.