Inflammatory Factors In Patients Research Articles

Progress in TLR4/NF-κB Pathway Regulation by Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive endocrine disease in women, affecting women's fertility and cardiovascular system. Due to the complexity of its pathogenesis, there are many adverse reactions commonly used in clinical treatment, and the therapeutic effect is short-lived and temporary. TLR4/NF-κB pathway is a classical signaling pathway related to inflammation, and the effective components of TCM compounds and TCM monomers have been proven to reduce the levels of various inflammatory factors in patients by regulating the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, so as to achieve the effect of PCOS. The potential value of TCM in prevention and treatment of PCOS based on TLR4/NF-κB pathway was revealed. This article aims to summarize the recent studies on the improvement of PCOS symptoms by regulating the expression of TLR4/NF-κB pathway by Chinese medicine, so as to further study the mechanism of PCOS prevention and treatment by this pathway under the regulation of Chinese medicine, so as to open up new ideas for the development of new drugs targeting this pathway and clinical research.

Impact of synbiotics on disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus: Results from a randomized clinical trial.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that affects various organs in the body. In SLE, inflammatory cytokines play a crucial role in initiating and sustaining the inflammatory process. Synbiotics may help modulate these inflammatory cytokines. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial aimed to assess the impact of synbiotics intervention on interleukin-17A (IL-17A) levels, disease activity, and inflammatory factors in patients with SLE. Fifty SLE patients were randomly assigned to receive either standard therapy plus synbiotics (consisting of Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and the prebiotic fructooligosaccharides) or standard therapy alone for 2 months. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in both protein and mRNA levels of IL-17A, as well as in the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 score, within the synbiotics group after the intervention compared to baseline. In contrast, the placebo group did not experience significant changes in IL-17A levels or disease activity. Synbiotic supplementation shows potential as an adjunctive therapeutic approach for SLE management; however, further research is needed to elucidate its underlying mechanisms. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study explores the use of synbiotics as a supplementary treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus, which is typically managed with immunosuppressive therapies.

Evaluation relationship between VDR gene and clinical and inflammatory factors in patients with RRMS.

Adipocyte levels including leptin and FABS-4 levels, adiponectin, obesity, and vitamin D can be related to the occurrence and exacerbation of MS disease. This research aimed at determining the relationship between VDR gene changes and clinical and inflammatory factors in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). This case/control study was conducted based on the ethical principles of Helsinki. RRMS disease was confirmed based on history, clinical signs, radiological signs, and neurologist's diagnosis. The research population consisted of healthy people and patients with RRMS referring to Hazrat Rasool Akram Hospital between 2021 and 2023 who met the criteria for entering the research. FokI polymorphism is associated with a substantial increase in risk, with an odds ratio of 7.28, for those with the FF genotype who have RRMS compared to healthy individuals (OR=7.28: 95% CI; 1.86, 28.41). The presence of FokI polymorphism significantly raises the likelihood of developing RRMS in persons with the FF genotype compared to healthy individuals, with an odds ratio of 28.7. RRMS patients with genotypes did not exhibit a significant increase in risk compared to controls for FokI, ApaI, TaqI, and BsmI polymorphisms. None of the studied polymorphisms revealed a significant risk in obese patients with different genotypes compared to the obese people. Further research, including more cases, is needed to avoid results that could be inflated by small samples or low frequencies of minor alleles.

Effect of intravenous thrombolysis with butylphthalide, edaravone and recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) on serum inflammatory factors in patients with ischemic stroke

Purpose: To study the impact of edaravone in combination with edaravone and recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) intravenous thrombolysis on serum inflammatory factors in ischemic stroke subjects. Methods: Eighty ischemic stroke patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi’an, China were randomly assigned to study and control cohorts, each with 40 subjects. Patients in control cohort were administered edaravone and rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis. The study cohort received butylphthalide in combination with edaravone and rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis. Treatment effectiveness/efficacy, neurological function, self-care ability, inflammatory indicator levels, and blood cell levels were compared between the 2 cohorts. Results: Efficacy was significantly better in the study cohort than in the control cohort (p < 0.05). After treatment, NIHSS score was significantly lower in the study cohort than in control cohort, while ADL score was significantly higher in the study cohort (p < 0.05). After medication, CRP level was decreased significantly in both cohorts, but was significantly lower level in the study cohort (p < 0.05). Treatment led to significant reductions in white blood cell count, neutrophil count, and NLR ratio in the study cohort, relative to the control cohort (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The use of butylphthalide in combination with edaravone and rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis produces significant and beneficial effects on ischemic stroke subjects by regulating abnormal levels of inflammatory cells, improving coagulation status and decreasing inflammation. Moreover, it ameliorates neurological defects and improves activities of daily living. There is, however, a need to determine the mechanisms of action of this combination therapy and the influence of other cofounding factors on the activities of the combination therapy.

Analysis of vaginal flora diversity and study on the role of Porphyromonas asaccharolytica in promoting IL-1β in regulating cervical cancer

Cervical cancer, a prevalent malignancy in the female reproductive tract, exhibits a high incidence. Existing evidence indicates a robust correlation between alterations in vaginal flora composition and the progression of cervical cancer. Nevertheless, there is a lack of clarity concerning the specific microorganisms within the vaginal microbiota that are linked to the onset and development of cervical cancer, as well as the mechanisms through which they exert carcinogenic effects. The 16 S ribosomal (rRNA) and metagenomic sequencing technology were used to analyze vaginal microorganisms, and screening for human papillomavirus (HPV) positive cervical cancer-associated microbial markers using fold change in mean bacterial abundance. Moreover, vaginal microenvironmental factors were detected, and the local vaginal inflammatory state in patients with cervical cancer was subjected to assay via qRT-PCR and ELISA. The hub inflammatory genes were screened by transcriptome sequencing after co-culture of bacteria and normal cervical epithelial cells, and an in vitro model was utilized to assess the impacts of inflammatory factors on cervical cancer. Both cervical cancer patients and HPV-positive patients showed significant changes in the composition of the vaginal flora, characterised by a decrease in the abundance of Lactobacillus and an increase in the abundance of a variety of anaerobic bacteria; The microbial sequencing identified Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas_asaccharolytica, and Porphyromonas_uenonis as microbial markers for HPV-associated cervical cancer. Vaginal inflammatory factors in patients with cervical cancer were overexpressed. After Porphyromonas_asaccharolytica intervention on cervical epithelial H8 cells, interleukin (IL)-1β, a hub differential gene, markedly promoted tumor-associated biological behaviors at the in vitro cytological level in cervical cancer. This study for the first demonstrated that Porphyromonas, Porphyromonas_asaccharolytica, and Porphyromonas_uenonis could serve as novel microbial markers for cervical cancer. Moreover, Porphyromonas_asaccharolytica was identified as having the ability to induce the overexpression of inflammatory genes in cervical epithelial cells to create a favorable microenvironment for the onset and development of cervical cancer. The effects of dysbacteriosis on cervical cancer were microbiologically elucidated.

Effects of Indobufen Combined with Clopidogrel on Left Ventricular Function and Inflammatory Factors in Patients after PCI

Background: Percutaneous intracoronary intervention (PCI) is the preferred method for treating coronary heart disease. However, the insufficient coagulation function after the procedure may lead to poor vascular reperfusion, thereby affecting cardiac function. Indobufen and clopidogrel have antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory effects, but the impact of their combined use on left ventricular function and inflammatory factors in patients after PCI remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the influence of indobufen combined with clopidogrel on left ventricular function and inflammatory factors in patients after PCI. Methods: Medical records of 100 patients who underwent PCI surgery were selected for retrospective analysis. Their admission time ranged from January 2022 to June 2023. All research subjects who met the inclusion criteria were assigned to two groups according to different treatment methods with 57 cases in the control and 43 cases in the observation. The left ventricular function, inflammatory factors, coagulation function levels, and occurrence of complications were compared between the two groups. Results: After going through treatment, the levels of left ventricular end-diastolic volume, left ventricular end-systolic diameter, and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control. The ejection fraction significantly increased in the observation group, and the difference between two groups was significant (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in the observation was significantly lower than that of the control benefiting from treatment with a significant difference (p < 0.05). The activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and thrombin time levels of all patients significantly increased (p < 0.05) with no difference between the two groups (p > 0.05). The complication rate in the control patients was 17.54% (10/57), and that in the observation patients was 9.30% (4/43). No significant difference existed between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Indobufen combined with clopidogrel treatment for patients after PCI significantly improved left ventricular function, inhibited inflammatory response, enhanced coagulation function, and had high safety. These results can provide some basis for the treatment of patients after clinical PCI.

Clinical efficacy of Xuebijing injection for the treatment of sepsis: A retrospective cohort study

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of treating sepsis patients with Xuebijing injection (XBJI). MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 418 patients who experienced severe infections and were treated with XBJI from June 2018 to June 2021. Propensity score matching was used to match the patient cases. The study population included 209 pairs of cases (418 individuals), and the analysis included data from before and after a 14-day course of treatment with carbapenem alone, or carbapenem with XBJI. ResultsThere were no significant differences in the 14-day mortality or length of hospital stay (P > 0.05) between the two groups. The combined treatment group had more patients with C-reactive protein that returned to normal levels (compared to baseline) than the non-combined treatment group (14.4% vs 8.1%; odds ratio [OR]: 0.528; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.282 to 0.991; P = 0.026). Similarly, the combined treatment group had higher procalcitonin attainment rate (55.0% vs 39.7%; OR: 0.513; 95% CI: 0.346 to 0.759; P = 0.001) than the non-combined treatment group. Further, more patients in the combined treatment group achieved normal creatinine levels than in the non-combined treatment group (64.1% vs 54.1%; OR: 0.659; 95% CI: 0.445 to 0.975; P = 0.037). ConclusionThe combination of XBJI with carbapenem did not reduce the 14-day mortality rate of patients with severe infection, but it was able to reduce the level of inflammatory factors in patients with sepsis, and had a protective effect on liver and kidney function.

Effects of dexmedetomidine combined with intravenous general anesthesia on hemodynamics and inflammatory factors in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery

Effects of dexmedetomidine combined with intravenous general anesthesia on hemodynamics and inflammatory factors in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery

Effects of bronchoscopic alveolar lavage-assisted mechanical ventilation on postoperative pulmonary infection and inflammatory factors in patients undergoing lung cancer surgery

Effects of bronchoscopic alveolar lavage-assisted mechanical ventilation on postoperative pulmonary infection and inflammatory factors in patients undergoing lung cancer surgery

Effects of Zhoutian moxibustion on pain symptoms and inflammatory factors in patients with ankylosing spondylitis of cold-damp obstruction

To observe the effects of Zhoutian moxibustion on pain symptoms and serum inflammatory factors in patients with ankylosing spondylitis of cold-damp obstruction. Eighty-four patients with ankylosing spondylitis of cold-damp obstruction were randomly divided into a Zhoutian moxibustion group (42 cases, 2 cases dropped out) and a governor vessel moxibustion group (42 cases, 2 cases dropped out, 1 case discontinued). Both groups were given oral administration of sulfasalazine enteric-coated tablets as basic treatment. The governor vessel moxibustion group was treated with moxibustion box from Dazhui (GV 14) to Yaoyangguan (GV 3), one hour per treatment; the Zhoutian moxibustion group was treated with moxibustion box from Tiantu (CV 22) to Zhongji (CV 3) in addition to the governor vessel moxibustion group, two hours per treatment. Both groups were treated once every 3 days, twice a week, for a total of 9 weeks. The pain symptom scores of the two groups were observed before treatment and at the 3rd, 6th, and 9th weeks into treatment. ELISA was used to detect the levels of serum interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) before and after treatment, and the clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated after treatment. Except for the joint pain scores at the 3rd week into treatment, the total scores and the each sub-item score of pain symptom in the two groups were lower than those before treatment at the 3rd, 6th, and 9th weeks into treatment (P<0.05); at the 3rd, 6th, and 9th weeks into treatment, the total scores of pain symptom and the scores of lumbar sacral pain, back pain, joint cold pain, and limited mobility in the Zhoutian moxibustion group were lower than those in the governor vessel moxibustion group (P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of serum IL-1β, IL-18 and TNF-α in both groups were lower than those before treatment (P<0.05), and the levels of serum IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF-α in the Zhoutian moxibustion group were lower than those in the governor vessel moxibustion group (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 90.0% (36/40) in the Zhoutian moxibustion group, which was higher than 76.9% (30/39) in the governor vessel moxibustion group (P<0.05). Zhoutian moxibustion could effectively improve various pain symptoms in patients with ankylosing spondylitis of cold-damp obstruction, and reduce the expression of inflammatory factors.

Value of Echocardiographic Evaluation of Myocardial Performance Index in Predicting Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Within 1 Year after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the predictive efficacy of the echocardiography-derived Tei index for the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) within 1 year post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: A total of 98 patients diagnosed with CHD and admitted to our hospital between January 2021 and May 2023 were retrospectively selected for this study, and the two groups were divided into good prognosis group (n = 67) and poor prognosis group (n = 31) according to whether cardiovascular adverse events occurred within 1 year after PCI. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the influencing factors of adverse cardiovascular events in patients with CHD following PCI, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was employed to evaluate the efficacy of myocardial performance index measured by echocardiography in predicting adverse cardiovascular events within 1 year post-PCI in patients with CHD. The inflammatory factors of patients with different Tei indices were compared before and 24 h after PCI. Results: The differences in general data, including preoperative Tei index, left anterior descending (LAD) level, left ventricular diameter in diastole (LVDd) level, and the number of cases with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, were not statistically significant between two groups (p &gt; 0.05). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), maximum left ventricular thickness, postoperative Tei index, plaque score, and carotid intima–media thickness (IMT) showed statistically significant differences (p &lt; 0.05). The findings from logistic regression analysis, considering multiple factors, indicated that Tei index, plaque score, and carotid IMT were independent predictors for adverse cardiovascular events following PCI in patients with CHD (p &lt; 0.05). ROC analysis demonstrated an impressive area under the curve of 0.967 for echocardiographic assessment of myocardial performance index as a predictor for adverse cardiovascular events within 1 year after PCI in patients with CHD. The standard error was 0.017, 95% confidence interval was 0.935–0.999, optimal cut-off value was 0.88, sensitivity was 95.0%, and specificity was 93.3%. The comparison of inflammatory factors among patients with different Tei index values before PCI did not yield any statistically significant differences (p &gt; 0.05), and the comparison of inflammatory factors in patients with different Tei index 24 h after PCI. The levels of inflammatory cytokines in patients with Tei ≤0.5 were lower than those in patients with Tei &gt;0.5 (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Evaluating the myocardial performance index through echocardiography holds considerable value in predicting MACE within one year following PCI in patients diagnosed with CHD.

Effect of aerosol inhalation of budesonide on respiratory symptoms and inflammatory factors in patients with asthma: a meta-analysis

Objective To review the efficacy, symptoms, inflammatory factors and pulmonary function of different doses of budesonide aerosol inhalation in the treatment of patients with asthma. Methods The Chinese and English literature databases were searched with "Effects of different doses of budesonide aerosol inhalation on the efficacy, lung function, inflammation, symptoms and adverse reactions in patients with asthma" as the search direction, and a Meta-analysis was performed. Results Compared with the low dose group, the efficacy, PEF and FEV1 were significantly increased and the clinical symptom score, TNF-α and IL-4 were significantly decreased in the high dose group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in IFN-γ level and the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion High-dose budesonide aerosol inhalation therapy can improve the efficacy and lung function of patients, reduce inflammation and clinical symptoms, and does not increase the risk of adverse reactions, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Quantitative analysis of the effect of abdominal four needles lysis on lipid metabolism and inflammatory factors in patients with simple obesity.

Quantitative analysis of the effect of abdominal four needles lysis on lipid metabolism and inflammatory factors in patients with simple obesity.

Effect of alprostadil plus cilostazol on the treatment outcomes and inflammatory factors in patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans receiving evidence-based care.

This study aims to elucidate the effect of alprostadil (ALP) plus cilostazol (CIL) on the treatment outcomes and inflammatory factors in patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans (LEASO) receiving evidence-based care. Firstly, 130 patients with LEASO were selected from February 2020 to February 2023 and then randomly divided into two groups with 65 patients each. Excluding the dropouts, 59 patients in the control group (6 cases of dropout) received ALP and 62 patients in the research group (3 cases of dropout) received ALP plus CIL. Both groups were cared for in accordance with the evidence-based care model. Treatment outcomes, arteriosclerosis indexes (blood flow of dorsalis pedis artery [DPA], ankle-brachial index [ABI] and toe-brachial index [TBI]), hemorheological parameters (erythrocyte aggregation index [EAI], erythrocyte deformation index [EDI], high blood viscosity [HBV] and haematocrit [HCT]), inflammatory factors (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-8 and tumour necrosis factor [TNF]-α) and complications (nausea, diarrhoea, headache and transaminase elevation) were compared between the control and research groups. Results show that the overall response rate was markedly higher in the research group (90.32%) than in the control group (74.58%). Additionally, the blood flow of DPA, ABI and TBI in the research group significantly increased after the treatment and were higher than those in the control group. Meanwhile, the EAI, EDI, HBV, HCT, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were significantly lower. The two groups did not differ markedly in the complication rate. The above findings suggest that ALP plus CIL is effective for patients with LEASO receiving evidence-based care. It can significantly improve arteriosclerosis indexes and hemorheological parameters while inhibiting serum inflammatory responses, with some certain safety.

Effect of Selenium Yeast Tablets Combined with Levothyroxine Sodium on Thyroid Function and Inflammatory Factors in Patients with Hypothyroidism

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of selenium yeast tablets combined with levothyroxine sodium in the treatment of hypothyroidism and its effect on thyroid function and inflammatory factors. Methods 110 patients with primary hypothyroidism admitted to The first Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University from January 2018 to December 2018, and were randomly divided into the observation group (55 cases) and the control group (55 cases). The patients of the control group were given sodium levothyroxine, while the observation group received selenium yeast tablets combined with levothyroxine sodium therapy. The indexes of thyroid function/clinical efficacy/adverse events were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 92.73%, and 72.73% in the control group, there was a significant difference between the two groups (P&lt;0.05). After treatment, T3, T4, FT3 and FT4 levels were significantly increased compared with that before treatment the differences were statistically significant (P&lt;0.05). And TSH, TGAb and TPOAb levels were significantly lower compared with that before treatment, and the difference were statistically significant (P&lt;0.05). After treatment, T3, T4, FT3 and FT4 degree of observation group were better than those of the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P&lt;0.05). After treatment, the levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ in both groups decreased, but the levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P&lt;0.05). After treatment, the level of IL-10 increased in two groups, but the level of IL-10 in the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P&lt;0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P&gt;0.05). Conclusion The selenium yeast tablets combined with levothyroxine sodium in treatment of hypothyroidism can obtain obvious theraeputtic effects. which can not only improve the levels of various thyroid indexes, but also can improve patient's inflammatory factors levels, with good safety, without serious adverse reactions, therefor, which has important clinical application value. Key words: Selenium; Yeast Tablet; Hypothyroidism; Inflammatory Factor.

QingChang-XiaoPi decoction ameliorates intestinal inflammation of ulcerative colitis by regulating the pathogenicity of Th17 cells

BackgroundQingChang-XiaoPi Decoction (QCXPY), a Chinese herbal prescription, has been employed in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) in China. However, its molecular mechanism of action in UC remains unclear. PurposeTo elucidate the therapeutic effects of QCXPY against UC and reveal its mechanism of action. Study DesignWe conducted a single-arm observation to evaluate the clinical efficacy of QCXPY in patients with mild-to-moderate UC. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established to ensure the eligibility of participants, with a focus on excluding patients with specific conditions or complications that could confound the results. MethodsThe expression of inflammatory factors in patients’ serum was detected using a Luminex assay. The main components of QCXPY were identified using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Network pharmacology was employed to predict potential therapeutic targets and their mechanisms of action. The efficacy of QCXPY was evaluated using a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse model. Disease activity index (DAI), histopathological score, cytokine detection by ELISA, T-helper 17 (Th17) cell proportion by flow cytometry, expression of the IL-23/IL-17 axis, and changes in the levels of its downstream effectors were detected by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and western blotting. ResultsQCXPY could alleviate the symptoms of diarrhea, abdominal pain, abdominal distension, and purulent stool in patients with mild-to-moderate UC. Moreover, it reduced the expression of IL-6, IL-17, and IL-23 in serum; alleviated DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice; reduced DAI, pathological scores, and the expressions of IL-6, IL-17, and IL-23 in colon tissue; and decreased the proportion of pathogenic Th17 cells and the expression of STAT3 and phospho-STAT3. ConclusionThis study confirmed for the first time that QCXPY could alleviate intestinal symptoms, reduce the levels of serum inflammatory factors, and improve the quality of life of patients with mild-to-moderate UC. Its mechanism of action may involve reducing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, moderating the pathogenicity of Th17 cells, and inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation, thereby alleviating intestinal inflammation in UC.

Effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors on Cardiovascular Events and Inflammatory Factors in Patients With Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Undergoing Dual Antiplatelet Therapy

Effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors on Cardiovascular Events and Inflammatory Factors in Patients With Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Undergoing Dual Antiplatelet Therapy

Interactions between circulating inflammatory factors and autism spectrum disorder: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study in European population.

Extensive observational studies have reported an association between inflammatory factors and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but their causal relationships remain unclear. This study aims to offer deeper insight into causal relationships between circulating inflammatory factors and ASD. Two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis method was used in this study. The genetic variation of 91 circulating inflammatory factors was obtained from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) database of European ancestry. The germline GWAS summary data for ASD were also obtained (18,381 ASD cases and 27,969 controls). Single nucleotide polymorphisms robustly associated with the 91 inflammatory factors were used as instrumental variables. The random-effects inverse-variance weighted method was used as the primary analysis, and the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was applied. Sensitivity tests were carried out to assess the validity of the causal relationship. The forward MR analysis results suggest that levels of sulfotransferase 1A1, natural killer cell receptor 2B4, T-cell surface glycoprotein CD5, Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand, and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand are positively associated with the occurrence of ASD, while levels of interleukin-7, interleukin-2 receptor subunit beta, and interleukin-2 are inversely associated with the occurrence of ASD. In addition, matrix metalloproteinase-10, caspase 8, tumor necrosis factor-related activation-induced cytokine, and C-C motif chemokine 19 were considered downstream consequences of ASD. This MR study identified additional inflammatory factors in patients with ASD relative to previous studies, and raised a possibility of ASD-caused immune abnormalities. These identified inflammatory factors may be potential biomarkers of immunologic dysfunction in ASD.

Correlation between serum inflammatory factors and cognitive function in patients with high-altitude polycythemia: A case-control study.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the serum inflammatory factors in patients with high-altitude polycythemia (HAPC) and their correlation with cognitive function. The subjects were recruited and placed into a HAPC group and control group. Serum samples were collected, and inflammatory factors (interleukin-1beta [IL-1β], monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1], and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]) were measured using ELISA kits. The mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to assess cognitive function. According to the MMSE scores, HAPC group was further divided into normal cognitive function group (HNCF) and cognitive dysfunction group (HCDF). In comparison with the control group, the MMSE scores in the HAPC group were significantly low (P < .05), whereas the serum levels of IL-1β, MCP-1, and TNF-α were significantly high (P < .01). Among the HAPC group (n = 60), 21 belonged to the HCDF and 39 belonged to the HNCF. Compared with the HNCF, the IL-1β, MCP-1, and TNF-α in the HCDF were significantly increased (P < .01). The Pearson correlation analysis showed that inflammatory factors were positively correlated with hemoglobin, and negatively correlated with MMSE. Serum inflammatory cytokines IL-1, MCP-1, and TNF-α were increased in HAPC, and HAPC exhibited cognitive dysfunction. Considering chronic hypoxia environment influences the change of the red blood cell metabolic and inflammatory factor, red blood cells and inflammatory factor in plateau is likely to be affected by patients with vascular lesions, increase cognitive impairment.

Efficacy and safety of proton pump inhibitors on cardiovascular events and inflammatory factors in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding undergoing dual antiplatelet therapy.

This work evaluated the effects of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) on cardiovascular events (CVEs) and inflammatory factors in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) undergoing dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after percutaneous coronary intervention. Clinical data from these patients were analysis, intending to provide relevant theoretical evidence for clinical practice. Data of 166 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention and developed UGIB while on DAPT at The First People' Hospital of Linping District from April 2021 to April 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were rolled into two groups: those who received PPI treatment and those who did not, namely, PPI and non-PPI group, respectively. Furthermore, occurrence of CVEs and the levels of inflammatory factors of patients in all groups were statistically analyzed. In patients with UGIB, melena is a common presentation. The incidence of CVE in the PPI group showed no statistically significant difference compared to the control group, and there was no significant variance observed in the distribution of CVE incidence among different PPIs. However, levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were significantly lower in the PPI group compared to the non-PPI group (P < 0.05). Melena was the most frequent clinical manifestation in UGIB patients. The use of PPIs did not increase the risk of CVEs, and different PPI drugs did not affect the occurrence of CVEs. Furthermore, PPIs lowered CRP and TNF-α levels in serum of these patients.