Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire Research Articles

Assessing disease control in inflammatory bowel disease: a real world cross-sectional study in the UK (PODCAST-IBD)

Objective Proportion Of suboptimal Disease Control And Strategy of Treatment in IBD (PODCAST-IBD) was an international real-world study which aimed to quantify disease control in IBD using STRIDE-II recommendations. Design/Method Cross-sectional assessment of IBD patients attending routine clinic appointments in four UK centers October 2022 to January 2023. Clinician-reported outcomes, patient-reported outcomes and retrospective data from medical chart review were used to assess IBD control against red flags aligned to STRIDE-II. Results Data were available from 198 UK patients. IBD was suboptimally controlled in 52.4% (54/103) of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and 45.3% (43/95) with ulcerative colitis (UC). Impaired quality of life (QOL), defined as Short inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire (SIBDQ) score <50, was the main contributor to suboptimal disease control. Suboptimal disease control has a detrimental impact on fatigue and disability with significantly lower mean Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy – Fatigue (FACIT-F) score in suboptimally controlled disease (CD: 81.5 vs 125, UC: 87.4 vs 122.8) and IBD Disk. Suboptimal disease control results in higher health care resource use (HCRU) (CD: £4,746 vs £1,924; UC: £2,428 vs £1,121) and higher rates of work productivity loss (CD: 41.7% vs 11.9%, UC: 38.0% vs 22.6%). Conclusion IBD was suboptimally controlled in around one-half of patients. Impaired QOL was the most common contributor (64%, 62/97) to suboptimal control. Suboptimal control had a considerable economic impact; HCRU more than doubled and productivity fell. Physicians could consider regular QOL assessments to prompt timely disease monitoring to enable identification of early active disease and appropriate treatment.

Quality of life under treatment with the immune checkpoint inhibitors ipilimumab and nivolumab in melanoma patients. Real-world data from a prospective observational study at the Skin Cancer Center Kiel

PurposeCombined immunotherapy (ipilimumab + nivolumab) has improved survival in stage IV melanoma patients, making Health-related Quality of Life (HrQoL) crucial due to potential immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Previous studies treated HrQoL as secondary/explorative endpoint, and no specific HrQoL questionnaire for melanoma patients on immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy exists. This study aimed to gather specific HrQoL data during combined ICI therapy, tracking changes during and after treatment, and examining associations with gender, irAEs, and treatment response.Methods35 melanoma patients (22 males, 13 females) undergoing combined ICI were surveyed using the Short-form 36 questionnaire (SF-36), the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire – Deutsch (IBDQ-D), and the distress thermometer (DT). HrQoL was evaluated during treatment, after six months, and at the onset of autoimmune colitis.ResultsirAEs occurred in 51.4% of patients, with colitis being the most common (26.1%). 45.7% had progressive disease. SF-36 showed stable HrQoL during treatment and follow-up. Women had worse HrQoL on the physical component scale than men (p = 0.019). Patients with progression showed worse HrQoL over time in physical (p = 0.015) and mental health scales (p = 0.04). IBDQ-D showed constant HrQoL throughout treatment and follow-up. Distress on DT remained constant, with women reporting higher levels of distress.ConclusionHrQoL remained stable during and after therapy. Female gender and disease progression negatively impacted HrQoL. The development of irAEs was not associated with HrQoL, though this may not apply to severe irAEs like colitis, which were not assessed.

Multi-dimensional patient-reported outcomes and quality of life at diagnosis of IBD: A population-based inception cohort study

Background and aimsPatient-reported outcomes (PROs) are pivotal in assessing treatment efficacy and estimating the burden of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). We investigated PROs at the time of IBD diagnosis. MethodsThe Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (SIBDQ), IBD-Disability Index (IBD-DI), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F), and disease activity-related PROs were assessed in the Copenhagen IBD Inception Cohort, a prospective, population-based cohort of patients newly diagnosed with IBD between May 2021 and May 2023. ResultsA total of 203 UC and 116 CD patients were recruited. At diagnosis, 160 (78.8%) and 99 (85.3%) patients with UC and CD, respectively, reported moderate-to-severe impairment in at least one PRO (p=0.18), with 89 (43.8%) and 74 (63.8%), respectively, reporting moderate-to-severe impairment in at least two PROs (p<0.01). Being female, the disease extent of UC, and extraintestinal manifestations were associated with impaired PROs. There were no differences found according to CD phenotype. FACIT-F, IBD-DI, and SIBDQ scores showed weak, but significant, correlations with the Mayo Endoscopic Score in UC, and the FACIT-F score with C-reactive protein (CRP). In CD, SIBDQ, IBD-DI, and FACIT-F correlated moderately with CRP and fecal calprotectin, but not with the endoscopic severity of CD. None of the PROs correlated with iron, ferritin, or vitamin D levels. Among the most prevalent symptoms reported were fatigue, abdominal pain, urgency, and passing of blood in both CD and UC. ConclusionWe found a substantial patient-reported disease burden in newly diagnosed IBD, underscoring the importance of vigilant PRO monitoring in clinical practice. FundingThis study was funded by an unrestricted grant from the Novo Nordisk Fonden.

Health-Related Quality of Life Outcomes With Etrasimod Treatment in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis: A Post Hoc Analysis of Data From ELEVATE UC 52 and ELEVATE UC 12.

Etrasimod is an oral, once-daily (QD), selective sphingosine 1-phosphate1,4,5 receptor modulator for the treatment of moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC). Here, we evaluate the impact of etrasimod 2mg QD on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with UC. This post hoc analysis used data from the Phase 3 randomized controlled trials, ELEVATE UC 52 and ELEVATE UC 12. HRQoL measures included: Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ), 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36), and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire: Ulcerative Colitis (WPAI:UC) completed at baseline, Week 12 (both trials), and Week 52 (ELEVATE UC 52 only). For IBDQ analyses, patients were stratified by prior exposure to biologics/Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) and baseline modified Mayo score (MMS; 4-6 or 7-9). Generally, significantly greater proportions of patients receiving etrasimod (N = 527) vs placebo (N = 260) achieved IBDQ remission (IBDQ total score ≥170) and IBDQ response (IBDQ total score increase from baseline ≥16), with significant improvement in all IBDQ domain scores at Week 12 and maintained through Week 52. Significant differences in IBDQ remission and IBDQ response rates between etrasimod and placebo were more consistent among biologic/JAKi-naive patients vs those who were biologic/JAKi-experienced and in those with baseline MMS 7-9 vs 4-6. Significant improvements were observed in several SF-36 domain and summary scores and WPAI:UC domain scores at Week 12 and Week 52. Etrasimod 2mg QD demonstrated significant and clinically meaningful improvements across multiple HRQoL measures, including WPAI, vs placebo. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03945188; NCT03996369.

Responsiveness of different disease activity indices in moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis.

Clinical, endoscopic, histological, and composite instruments are currently used to measure disease activity in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). We compared the responsiveness of the Mayo Clinic score (MCS), modified MCS (mMS; excluding physician global assessment), partial MCS (pMS; MCS without endoscopic subscore), Robart's Histopathology Index (RHI), and UC-100 score to change after ustekinumab treatment in patients with moderately to severely active UC. Post hoc analysis of the phase 3UNIFI induction trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02407236) was conducted. Participants with moderately to severely active UC were randomized to receive ustekinumab or placebo. Treatment assignment was the criterion to assess responsiveness, which was quantified using the probability of a treated participant having a larger change in score than a placebo participant, termed the win probability (WinP), and estimated using nonparametric methods. The UC-100 score demonstrated large responsiveness (WinP 0.72 [95% confidence interval: 0.66-0.78]), and the MCS (0.68 [0.62-0.73]), mMS (0.69 [0.63-0.75]), and pMS (0.65 [0.59-0.71]) demonstrated similar effect sizes. Of the component items of the Mayo score, the endoscopic subscore (WinP 0.76 [0.69-0.82]) and the stool frequency subscore (WinP 0.74 [0.69-0.79]) were the most responsive. The Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) quality-of-life questionnaire was also responsive (WinP 0.78 [0.72-0.82]). UC disease activity indices are similarly responsive. Depending on the treatment setting, time point of evaluation, and feasibility of measurement, different scores may be used to demonstrate response. These results support the use of mMS as a composite primary endpoint, incorporating both patient-reported and endoscopic outcome measures. The UC-100 score may be more appropriate in settings that also routinely incorporate histological evaluation. There is no funding for this study.

Comparison of ustekinumab, infliximab and combination therapy in moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis - a study protocol of a randomized, multicenter, head-to-head COMBO-UC trial.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with a complex etiology that affects the large intestine. Characterized by chronic, bloody diarrhea, UC can lead to severe complications, including an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Despite advancements in conservative treatment, including biologics like anti-TNF agents and ustekinumab (UST), many patients do not achieve full remission. Dual targeted therapy (DTT) combining infliximab (IFX) and UST is a promising approach to improve treatment outcomes. This prospective, randomized, multicenter, head-to-head controlled trial will evaluate the efficacy and safety of UST, IFX, and combination therapy (UST + IFX) in 172 patients with moderate to severe active UC across eight gastroenterology centers in Poland. The study includes a 14-16 week remission induction period followed by a 52-week maintenance phase. Patients will be randomly assigned to one of three treatment arms: IFX monotherapy, UST monotherapy, or IFX + UST combination therapy. Primary endpoint is clinical and endoscopic remission post-induction. Secondary endpoints include clinical response, biochemical remission, histological remission, and quality of life assessments using the Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Questionnaire and 36-Item Short Form Survey. Safety will be monitored through adverse event and serious adverse event reporting. This trial aims to determine whether combining IFX and UST can achieve higher remission rates and better long-term outcomes compared to monotherapy. The results could provide crucial insights into the optimal use of biologic agents in UC treatment, potentially establishing DTT as a standard therapy. The study's design, including extensive follow-up and robust endpoint measures, will contribute to understanding the therapeutic potential and safety profile of this combination therapy.

Quality of life assessment with SIBDQ in children with upper gastrointestinal pathology

Functional and organic diseases of the digestive system today occupy one of the leading places in the structure of somatic pathology of childhood and adolescence and negatively impact young patients’ quality of life. Among the gastrointestinal tract diseases, the first place is occupied by the pathology of the gastroduodenal zone in children. Gastrointestinal diseases rarely occur in isolation in the form of damage to only the upper or lower parts of the digestive system, especially in childhood. Therefore, in the presence of dysfunction symptoms and pathological changes in the upper gastrointestinal tract, it is advisable to use non‑invasive means to diagnose pathological changes in the lower gastrointestinal tract. Objective — to analyze the quality of life using the Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (SIBDQ) in children and adolescents with upper gastrointestinal tract pathologies. Materials and methods. The study involved 174 children who visited the Kharkiv city children’s clinical hospital No 19 with complaints about upper gastrointestinal disorders (7—18 years old). Patients were interviewed using the self‑reported inflammatory bowel disease quality of life questionnaire SIBDQ, which assesses physical, social and emotional well‑being (the result is determined from 10 to 70 points, where 10 is the worst condition). Results. The median SIBDQ score for the entire sample was 51 points [Q1; Q3: 45; 58], with 47.1±3.7% of respondents having up to 50 points. In girls, the median was significantly lower than in boys — 49 [40; 55] versus 55 [49.0; 65.5] (pU=0.05). According to the nature of the endoscopic picture, 55% of children with gastroesophageal and duodenogastric reflux, 38.6% of children with erythematous duodenopathy, 45.9% of children with erosive and ulcerative changes and 61.5% of patients with esophagitis had a low SIBDQ score. Boys with low SIBDQ scores were more prone to gastroesophageal and duodenogastric reflux. All other endoscopic changes were significantly more common (p &lt;0.05) in girls with less than 50 points according to the survey results. Conclusions. In 47% of children with complaints of upper gastrointestinal dysfunction, the quality of life score was low by the SIBDQ (&lt; 50). The median SIBDQ score in girls was significantly lower than in boys: 49 [40; 55] versus 55 [49.0; 65.5] points (pU=0.05), respectively. Girls with instrumentally confirmed esophagitis had significantly lower SIBDQ scores compared to boys with esophagitis and girls with other gastrointestinal disorders — 41.5 [37; 46] (p &lt;0.05). The use of the SIBDQ questionnaires in school‑age children and adolescents is advisable not only for lower gastrointestinal tract diseases but also for gastroduodenal zone diseases.

Acceptability, feasibility, and impact of the MyGut digital health platform in the monitoring and management of inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract Background Digital health monitoring may help facilitate self-management strategies when caring for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Aims This study investigated the feasibility of implementing the MyGut health application when caring for patients with IBD and evaluated whether its use improved health outcomes. Methods We conducted a prospective trial in 2 Canadian hospitals from 2020 to 2023. Patients with IBD were recruited from gastroenterology clinics, and the MyGut application was installed onto their mobile devices. Metrics such as acceptability, satisfaction, feasibility, quality-of-life scores (measured through the short IBD questionnaire [SIBDQ]), and resource utilization were collected throughout the 1-year follow-up period. Results Of the 84 patients enrolled, 58 patients (69%) continued to use the app until the study completion. At recruitment, all 84 patients (100%) were willing to use the MyGut application after a brief tutorial. There was a significant improvement in the SIBDQ scores after 1 year of MyGut use (mean = 56.0, SD 8.85 vs 52.0, SD 9.84) (P = .012). However, only 42.9% (21/49) of the patients were willing to continue using the application after 1 year, a significant decrease compared with the 71.4% (35/49) who were willing to continue after 2 months (P = .001). No differences were observed in the number of emergency room visits/hospitalizations (P = .78) before and after 1 year of MyGut use. Conclusions This study demonstrates that patients are willing to use digital health monitoring platforms and this may lead to improved quality of life. However, sustained efforts must be made to optimize its long-term feasibility.

Suboptimal disease control and contributing factors in Italian IBD patients: The IBD-PODCAST Study

Background and AimSuboptimal disease control (SDC) and its contributing factors in IBD according to STRIDE-II criteria is unclear. IBD-PODCAST was a non-interventional, international, multicenter real-world study to assess this. MethodsData from the Italian IBD cohort (N=220) are presented here. Participants aged ≥19 with confirmed IBD diagnosis of ≥1 year were consecutively enrolled. A retrospective chart review and cross-sectional assessment by physicians and patients within the past 12 months were performed. SDC or optimal disease control was assessed using adapted STRIDE-II criteria. ResultsAt the index date, 53.4 % of 116 CD patients and 49.0 % of 104 UC patients had SDC, mainly attributed to a Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire score <50, failure to achieve endoscopic remission, and the presence of active extra-intestinal manifestations in both diseases. Disease monitoring with imaging and/or endoscopy during the previous year was conducted in ∼50 % of patients, with endoscopy performed in ∼40 %. Potential therapeutic adjustments were reported for half of the patients. ConclusionsThis study highlights SDC in a significant portion of IBD Italian patients. These results emphasize the need for more proactive management strategies in both CD and UC patients.

The impact of inflammatory bowel diseases on patients' quality of life and work functionality: an observational study.

To assess the employment status, quality of life and work functionality in patients affected by Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). Patients (n. 216) were enrolled between June 2020- October 2021. Personal, clinical and occupational features were investigated. The Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire were administered. Among the enrolled patients, 114 (53%) were employed. Mean absenteeism and presenteeism percentages of 10% and 37% were determined, with 44% and 39% of daily and work activity impairment, respectively. A poor Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) was retrieved (47 ± 12). Extra-intestinal manifestations, disease activity and HRQoL resulted associated with occupational outcomes. IBD can impact patients' work functionality. The association between clinical, psychological and occupational issues suggest the relevance for a multidisciplinary management of the disease.

Comparative Efficacy of Biologics and Small Molecule Therapies in Improving Patient-Reported Outcomes in Ulcerative Colitis: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

Abstract Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic disorder with a considerable negative impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), which has been recently recognized as an important treatment target. The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of different biologics and small molecule therapies in achieving better patient-reported outcomes and HRQoL in patients with UC. Methods We performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis of the EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Central databases from inception until February 1, 2024. The primary endpoint was clinical remission in the patient-reported outcome (PRO-2) score in UC patients who were treated with different biologics or small molecules during induction and maintenance phases. PRO-2 score is the sum of both stool frequency and rectal bleeding subscores. The secondary outcome was improvement of HRQoL defined as an increase in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire score of ≥16 points from baseline or any change in total score from baseline. A random effects model was used, and outcomes were reported as odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. Interventions were ranked per the SUCRA (surface under the cumulative ranking curve) score. Results A total of 54 studies were included in the primary outcome analysis and 15 studies were included in the secondary outcome analysis. The primary analysis showed that during the induction phase all of included drugs were better than placebo in improving the PRO-2 score. Interestingly, upadacitinib was found to be superior to most medications in improving PRO-2 scores. The secondary analysis showed that guselkumab ranked first in the improvement of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire score, followed by upadacitinib during the induction phase. Conclusion Upadacitinib ranked first in PRO-2 clinical remission during the induction and maintenance phases. Guselkumab, mirikizumab, tofacitinib, and upadacitinib were the only novel medications that were superior to placebo in improving HRQoL in UC, with guselkumab ranking the highest, followed by tofacitinib and upadacitinib. During maintenance of remission, tofacitinib ranked highest in improving HRQoL.

The impact of cognitive functions, psychological disorders, and coping strategies on quality of life and disease outcomes in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: A cross-sectional study.

Quality of life (QoL) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is influenced by several factors, many of which may also impact cognitive function. However, the extent of the interaction among these factors, QoL, and disease outcomes in IBD patients remains unknown. We thus aim to characterize the relationships among psychological disorders, coping mechanisms, cognitive function, and the overall impact on QoL and disease outcomes in patients with IBD. This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at an academic care center. QoL was evaluated using the Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (SIBDQ), and disease severity was evaluated using the Harvey-Bradshaw Index (HBI) for Crohn's disease (CD) and the Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (SCCAI) for ulcerative colitis (UC). We also used the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS). Regression models were used to test the associations among QoL, number of hospitalizations, disease severity, cognitive functioning (working memory [WM] and reaction time), and coping strategies while controlling for anxiety and depressive symptoms, age, and sex. This study included 41 patients (24 patients with CD and 17 with UC) whose mean age was 28.2 (±8.4) years (23 males) and mean SIBDQ score was 51.5 (±10.0). Patients with more WM errors had lower QoL scores (P = .041), whereas patients with higher anxiety levels had lower QoL and more active UC (P = .008 and P = .016, respectively). The use of avoidant coping mechanisms was associated with a significantly higher number of hospitalizations (P = .038), and patients who adopted more emotion-focused coping strategies had a longer illness duration (P = .021). Finally, patients with higher education levels were found to use more active coping mechanisms than others. These results confirm the impact of cognitive, psychological, and coping factors on QoL and disease outcomes in patients with IBD; however, the mechanisms by which these factors interrelate remain unclear. Therapies aimed at improving both cognitive functions and psychological conditions may thus be effective at improving QoL and disease outcomes in IBD patients, and education may play a positive role in promoting the adoption of more effective coping strategies among IBD patients.

Assessing anorectal function in patients with recurrent ulcerative colitis

PurposeUlcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease with an unclear etiology that can lead to irreversible changes in distal colonic function in chronic patients. This study investigated anorectal function in recurrent UC patients and identified influencing factors.MethodsThis prospective study enrolled 33 recurrent UC patients and 40 newly diagnosed patients from January 2019 to December 2022. Data collection included clinical records, scores, and anorectal function assessments. Regression analyses were used to identify factors impacting anorectal function.ResultsRecurrent UC patients had higher baseline CRP and fecal calprotectin levels, increased anxiety and depression, and more severe fecal incontinence. They also had lower BMIs, serum Hb and albumin (ALB) levels, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire scores than did initial-onset UC patients. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that long disease duration (coef. − 0.376, P < 0.001) and high fecal calprotectin level (coef. − 0.656, P < 0.001) independently influenced the initial sensation threshold in recurrent UC patients. Additionally, high fecal calprotectin (coef. − 0.073, P = 0.013) and high Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale score (coef. − 0.489, P = 0.001) were identified as two independent determinants of the defecation volume threshold. For the defecation urgency threshold, the independent factors included high disease duration (coef. − 0.358, P = 0.017) and high fecal calprotectin level (coef. − 0.499, P = 0.001). Similarly, the sole independent factor identified for the maximum capacity threshold was high fecal calprotectin (coef. − 0.691, P = 0.001).ConclusionRecurrent UC patients had increased rectal sensitivity and compromised anorectal function, which significantly impacted quality of life. Proactively managing the disease, reducing UC relapses, and addressing anxiety are effective measures for improving anorectal function in these patients.

Effects of short-chain fatty acid-butyrate supplementation on expression of circadian-clock genes, sleep quality, and inflammation in patients with active ulcerative colitis: a double-blind randomized controlled trial

BackgroundThe regulation of the circadian clock genes, which coordinate the activity of the immune system, is disturbed in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Emerging evidence suggests that butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid produced by the gut microbiota is involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses as well as circadian-clock genes. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of sodium-butyrate supplementation on the expression of circadian-clock genes, inflammation, sleep and life quality in active ulcerative colitis (UC) patients.MethodsIn the current randomized placebo-controlled trial, 36 active UC patients were randomly divided to receive sodium-butyrate (600 mg/kg) or placebo for 12-weeks. In this study the expression of circadian clock genes (CRY1, CRY2, PER1, PER2, BMAl1 and CLOCK) were assessed by real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in whole blood. Gene expression changes were presented as fold changes in expression (2^-ΔΔCT) relative to the baseline. The faecal calprotectin and serum level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method (ELIZA). Moreover, the sleep quality and IBD quality of life (QoL) were assessed by Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire-9 (IBDQ-9) respectively before and after the intervention.ResultsThe results showed that sodium-butyrate supplementation in comparison with placebo significantly decreased the level of calprotectin (-133.82 ± 155.62 vs. 51.58 ± 95.57, P-value < 0.001) and hs-CRP (-0.36 (-1.57, -0.05) vs. 0.48 (-0.09-4.77), P-value < 0.001) and upregulated the fold change expression of CRY1 (2.22 ± 1.59 vs. 0.63 ± 0.49, P-value < 0.001), CRY2 (2.15 ± 1.26 vs. 0.93 ± 0.80, P-value = 0.001), PER1 (1.86 ± 1.77 vs. 0.65 ± 0.48, P-value = 0.005), BMAL1 (1.85 ± 0.97 vs. 0.86 ± 0.63, P-value = 0.003). Also, sodium-butyrate caused an improvement in the sleep quality (PSQI score: -2.94 ± 3.50 vs. 1.16 ± 3.61, P-value < 0.001) and QoL (IBDQ-9: 17.00 ± 11.36 vs. -3.50 ± 6.87, P-value < 0.001).ConclusionButyrate may be an effective adjunct treatment for active UC patients by reducing biomarkers of inflammation, upregulation of circadian-clock genes and improving sleep quality and QoL.

Development and validation of a scale to measure the care needs of Crohn’s disease patients: a mixed-methods study

BackgroundCrohn’s disease (CD) patients require varying levels of supportive care. In order to facilitate caregivers and nurses in precisely evaluating the caregiving requirements of these patients, we developed the CD-specific Care Needs Scale (CD-CNS).MethodsThis study employed a mixed-methods approach, integrating qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The initial items of the scale were developed through qualitative interviews, Delphi expert consultation, and literature review, while the final items were refined through clinical testing. Qualitative interviews were conducted based on the supportive care needs framework and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, and scale items were constructed through a literature search and qualitative interviews. The initial version of the scale with 45 items was obtained after the items were verified and modified by expert consultation. A total of 250 CD patients admitted to the gastroenterology department of a hospital in China were selected for verification of the initial version of the scale. A self-designed general questionnaire was used to obtain patients’ medical history and sociodemographic data, and the Chinese version of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) was used as the criterion. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on the CD-CNS to evaluate the dimensions, factor structure, reliability, criterion validity, and construct validity.ResultsEFA identified 5 dimensions and retained 27 items with strong internal consistency reliability (α = 0.940). The Cronbach’s α coefficients for each dimension ranged from 0.824 to 0.921. Criterion validity was assessed using Spearman’s coefficient, which demonstrated a significant correlation with the IBDQ (P < 0.050). The test-retest reliability for each dimension after two weeks ranged from 0.655 to 0.895.ConclusionsWe developed and validated a new scale that can be used to assess the care needs of CD patients. This new tool can guide the specific supportive care of CD patients.Trial registrationThis study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second Hospital of Nanjing (2021-LS-ky-022). The study was duly registered and approved online through the Trial Center of the Second Hospital of Nanjing in 2021. Confidentiality was ensured by anonymizing all the data. The entire study process was conducted under the supervision of the Ethics Committee of Nanjing Second Hospital. Informed consent was obtained from the patients, and each patient volunteered and agreed to participate.

Impact of Kono-S anastomosis on quality of life after ileocolic resection in Crohn's disease: an analysis from the SuPREMe-CD trial.

Crohn's disease has debilitating effects on patients' quality of life. Currently, there are limited data on the effect of anastomotic configuration on health-related quality of life after ileocaecal resection for Crohn's disease. This study aimed to assess the impact of Kono-S anastomosis on quality of life after ileocolic resection, compared to the conventional side-to-side anastomosis. Patients with primary or recurrent Crohn's disease participating in the ongoing SuPREMe-CD trial were interviewed about quality of life using the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ). The primary endpoint was disease-specific quality of life, assessed with IBDQ. Secondary outcomes were quality of life related to bowel symptoms, systemic symptoms, social function and emotional function. Of the 94 patients included, 51 (54%) received the conventional side-to-side anastomosis and 43 (46%) the Kono-S anastomosis. Demographics were comparable between the two groups. The IBDQ was assessed at a mean follow-up of 54.0 ± 18.7 months from surgical intervention. The mean total IBDQ score was 155.1 ± 28.07 in the conventional group and 163.8 ± 25.23 in the Kono-S group (P = 0.11). When considering bowel symptoms and social function, mean scores were 50.7 and 23.5 in the conventional group, and 56.3 and 26.5 in the Kono-S group (P = 0.002 and P = 0.02, respectively). Kono-S anastomosis was independently associated with improved quality of life regarding bowel symptoms (P = 0.006) and social function (P = 0.03) after correcting for other confounding factors on linear regression analysis. Compared to conventional side-to-side anastomosis, patients with Kono-S anastomosis presented significantly better bowel symptoms and social function scores at 54 months after surgery.

Noise is a Risk Factor for Patients with Ulcerative Colitis and Anxiety.

This work aimed to explore anxiety-associated risk factors in patients diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC). Clinical data from patients diagnosed with UC and hospitalized at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University between May 2019 and June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 260 patients were included and divided into UC with anxiety (n = 86) and UC without anxiety (n = 174) groups according to the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale score. The quality of life and disease activity in patients with UC were assessed using the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire and Mayo Score, respectively. Clinical data, disease characteristics, quality of life, disease activity, and noise exposure were compared between the groups, and factors contributing to anxiety in patients with UC were explored through multivariate logistic regression analysis. No significant difference was found between the groups in terms of disease duration (P = 0.73), distribution of disease (P = 0.86), or medication use (P = 0.86). However, compared to UC patients without anxiety, those with anxiety were older (P < 0.05), predominantly female (P < 0.05), had lower quality of life (P < 0.05), experienced higher disease activity (P < 0.05), and had greater noise exposure (P < 0.05). The quality of life [odds ratio (OR) = 0.558, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.348-0.895, P = 0.02] was a protective factor for anxiety in patients with UC. Disease activity (OR = 1.680, 95% CI = 1.103-2.561, P = 0.02) and noise exposure (OR = 2.148, 95% CI = 1.084-4.106, P = 0.01) were significant risk factors for anxiety in patients with UC. Noise exposure and disease activity were associated with an increased risk of anxiety in patients with UC, whereas higher quality of life was protective against anxiety in UC patients.

Mucosal Healing with Vedolizumab in Patients with Chronic Pouchitis: EARNEST, a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND & AIMSVedolizumab is indicated for the treatment of chronic pouchitis in the EU. We assessed whether vedolizumab induced mucosal healing (MH) and if MH was associated with clinical improvements. METHODSEARNEST, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, evaluated vedolizumab efficacy and safety in adults with chronic pouchitis. Centrally read endoscopic and histological evaluation was performed at baseline, week (W)14, and W34. Ulcer count, adapted Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s Disease (SES-CD) in the pouch, and Pouchitis Disease Activity Index (PDAI) histological component were evaluated. PDAI and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) remission at W14 and W34 were compared by MH status at W14. RESULTSFollowing treatment, mean (SD) number of ulcers in vedolizumab-treated patients reduced from 15.1 (16.4) to 5.0 (4.9) at W14 and 2.7 (3.2) at W34 vs placebo-treated patients with corresponding values of 11.8 (11.3), 13.4 (18.4), and 9.7 (13.8) (vedolizumab vs placebo difference [95% CI]: W14:−8.4 [−14.3,−2.6]; W34:−7.0 [−12.0,−2.0]). More patients receiving vedolizumab vs placebo achieved reduction in ulcerated pouch surface area (W14: 52.4% vs 20.0%; difference 32.4p.p [9.7, 51.4]; W34: 52.1% vs 12.9%; difference 40.2p.p [15.6, 60.3]), absence of ulceration (W14: 23.8% vs 7.5%; difference 16.3p.p [1.1, 31.6]; W34: 34.4% vs 15.6%; difference 18.8p.p [-2.0, 39.5]), SES-CD remission (W14: 23.8% vs 7.5%; difference 16.3p.p [1.1, 31.6]; W34: 34.4% vs 15.6%; difference 18.8p.p [-2.0, 39.5]) and MH (W14: 16.7% vs 2.5%; difference 14.2p.p [1.9, 26.4]). Patients with MH at W14 had higher rates of PDAI and IBDQ remission at W14 and W34 than those without. CONCLUSIONVedolizumab induced endoscopic improvements in patients with chronic pouchitis, which was associated with improved outcomes at W34, particularly in patients achieving MH at W14. ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02790138.

Impact of upadacitinib induction and maintenance therapy on health-related quality of life, fatigue, and work productivity in patients with moderately-to-severely active Crohn's disease.

Quality of life in patients with active Crohn's disease may be significantly reduced. We evaluated the effects of upadacitinib induction and maintenance therapy on fatigue, quality of life, and work productivity in the phase 3 trials U-EXCEL, U-EXCEED, and U-ENDURE. Clinical responders to upadacitinib 45mg in U-EXCEL and U-EXCEED induction trials were re-randomized 1:1:1 to upadacitinib 30mg, 15mg, or placebo for 52 weeks of maintenance in U-ENDURE. Clinically meaningful improvements in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) response, IBDQ remission, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-Fatigue), and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment were evaluated. Percentages of patients achieving clinically meaningful improvements were assessed at induction Weeks 4 and 12 and maintenance Week 52. Analysis included 1021 and 502 patients assessed at induction and maintenance, respectively. In U-EXCEL, greater improvements (all p≤0.001) in IBDQ response (71.0% vs 50.2%), IBDQ remission (44.2% vs 23.7%), and FACIT-Fatigue (42.0% vs 27.0%) were observed in upadacitinib-treated patients versus placebo at Week 4. Improvements in IBDQ response, IBDQ remission, and FACIT-Fatigue were similar or greater at Week 12. Clinically meaningful improvement in overall work impairment (52.1% vs 38.1%, p≤0.05) was demonstrated at Week 12. Similar results were observed in U-EXCEED. Improvements were sustained through 52 weeks of upadacitinib maintenance treatment. In patients with active Crohn's disease, upadacitinib treatment relative to placebo significantly improved fatigue, quality of life, and work productivity as early as Week 4. These effects were sustained through 52 weeks of maintenance.

Role of Environmental Risk Factors in the Etiology of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Multicenter Study.

The increasing global incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) necessitates an investigation into the potential influence of environmental risk factors on its origin. This multicenter case-control study aimed to investigate potential environmental risk factors contributing to IBD development in Turkey. The study included 156 Crohn's disease (CD), 277 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, and 468 controls (matched for age and gender) from six hospitals' gastroenterology departments. Data collection relied on the International Organization of IBD's questionnaire on environmental factors. Each environmental factor was initially analyzed using univariate and subsequently multivariate logistic regression models. In the multivariate model, regular coffee consumption was associated with decreased odds for both CD (OR 0.28; 95% CI 0.14-0.55) and UC (OR 0.25; 95% CI 0.15-0.42). Stress was associated with UC (OR 3.27; 95% CI 1.76-6.10) and CD (OR 4.40; 95% CI 2.12-9.10) development. A history of childhood infectious diseases (gastroenteritis, upper respiratory tract infections, etc.) raised the odds for both CD (OR 9.45; 95% CI 2.51-35.6) and UC (OR 7.56; 95% CI 1.57-36.4). Conversely, consuming well/spring water (OR 0.22; 95% CI 0.10-0.50) and childhood antibiotic use (OR 0.41; 95% CI 0.18-0.93) showed a positive association against UC. Increased consumption of refined sugar and industrial food products emerged as risk factors for IBD. Smoking increased the risk for CD (OR 2.38; 95% CI 1.16-4.91), while ex-smoking increased the risk for UC (OR 3.16; 95% CI 1.19-8.37). This study represents the first multicenter case-control study in Turkey examining the effects of environmental factors on IBD. It revealed that coffee consumption is positively associated, while stress and childhood infection-related diseases are risk factors. These findings, which are not supported by other studies, provide insight into the relationships between these factors and IBD.