Inferior Border Of Mental Foramen Research Articles

Mental foramen of mandible in South Kerala population - A digital radiographic study

To assess whether there is sexual dimorphism in the location of mental foramen from base of mandible in South Kerala population.A two-year retrospective study was conducted in 200 subjects [100 males and 100 females] using digital radiographs. The location of mental foramen mandible was assessed from digital orthopantomogram. The vertical distance was measured from the superior border of the mental foramen to the lower border of the mandible and the inferior border of the mental foramen to the lower border of the mandible. The obtained data statistically analyzed using SPSS software version 20. Descriptive statistics was analyzed. Independent t-test was done to determine the association between gender and different parameters. The level of significance set at p ≤ 0.05.The average value of the distance of lower border of mandible from the superior and inferior border of mental foramen is found to be significantly higher in males than females.The study revealed that there is sexual dimorphism in the location of mental foramen in South Kerala population.

GENDER AND AGE DETERMINATION BY RADIOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE POSITION OF MENTAL FORAMEN IN NAVI MUMBAI POPULATION

Background - In physical and forensic anthropology the skull is extremely informative with regard to the identification of sex and age of an individual. It plays a vital role in establishing the identity of the deceased. The skull has been described as “The bone and core of the fleshy head and face” Gender and age determination plays a crucial role in the identification of human remains as it narrows the possibility for identification by 50 %. Many studies have observed the gender differences based on height of mandible, gonial angle, bigonial breadth and bicondylar breadth. But few studies have been done on gender and age determination based on the position of mental foramen. Aim: To evaluate gender and age differences based on the distance from superior and inferior borders of mental foramen to lower border of the mandible, along with height of the mandible in our population. Material and methods – Retrospective OPGs of subjects aged between 14 to 65 years taken for orthodontic and periodontic purposes were selected for the study. Out of the total 500 radiographs screened, 376 radiographs were considered for the study. The panoramic radiographs of patients were captured using Xtropan 2000 system and digitally processed. The distance from superior border of mental foramen (SMF) and inferior border of mental foramen (IMF) to the lower border of mandible (LBM) and height of mandible (AC – LBM) were measured. Result - The distance from SMF and IMF to LBM and height of mandible was more in males when compared to females, which was statistically significant which is justifying the sexual dimorphism. Also, values were useful for the deriving formula for age determination. Conclusion: The distances from SMF and IMF to the LBM and height of the mandible showed significant sexual dimorphism and helps in age determination

Sex estimation by discriminant function analysis using anatomical location of mental foramen

AimThe purpose of this study was to explore sexual dimorphism in the distance between mental foramen to lower border of mandible in Chinese patients attending Faculty of Dentistry, MMMC and to derive a discriminant equation for determining sex using the data obtained. Material and methodThe archived digital orthopantomograms at the institutional database were screened and 140 radiographs were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria for analysis of mental foramen. Measurements between the three reference points (superior and inferior border of mental foramen and lower border of mandible) were made using Romexis software (Version: 3.0.1.R) measuring and drawing tools. The data obtained were tabulated and subjected to discriminant function analysis. ResultsDistance between mental foramen to lower border of mandible (both Right and Left S-L and I-L) were significantly higher in male than female at the level of P<0.001. The discriminant score was calculated and there was statistically significant difference between the group’s centroid. The cutting score was zero, therefore, discriminant scores ≥0 was classified as male and <0 (negative scores) was classified as female. ConclusionThe distance from the mental foramen to the lower border of the mandible (SL and IL) exhibits sexual dimorphism and can be used for sex estimation.

Evaluating of the Mental Foramen Region Based on CBCT

Objective: The aim of this study was to measure and evaluate the bone anatomy morphology in mental foramen area using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: CBCT images of 100 patients were retrospective studied and measured. The anatomy morphology and adjacency of mental foramen, mental canal and mandibular canal were observed and measured. All the dates were analyzed by statistical package of SPSS17.0 software. Results: The anterior terminal part of the mandibular canal divided into mental canal and incisor nerve canal, 87.5% mental canal bended backward, upward and outward then opened to the mental foramen. The average distance from the superior border of mental foramen to the alveolar crest was (12.9±1.28) mm, and from the anterior border of mental foramen to the anterior end of mandibular canal was (3.6±1.14) mm, and from the inferior border of mental foramen to the superior border of mandibular canal was (3.9±0.97) mm, and from the superior border of mental foramen to the superior border of mental canal was (1.4±0.42) mm. Conclusions: CBCT can reflect the bone anatomy morphology of mandible accurately, and the safe distance from the tip of implant to the mental foramen should be re-evaluated.

Determination of sex by cone-beam computed tomography analysis of mental foramen in South Indian Population

Background: One of the most challenging tasks for forensic dentists and anthropologists has been identification and determination of sex of unknown human skeletal remains. Aim: To determine sexual dimorphism by CBCT (3-D) analysis of mental foramen among the south Indian population. Materials and Methods: Total of 116 CBCT images of subjects were analysed. Distance from the superior border of mental foramen to lower border of mandible (SLM) and the inferior border of mental foramen to lower border of mandible (ILM) were calculated by three examiners and recorded. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics, paired t-test and independent sample t-test were used for statistical comparisons. Results: The mean distance of right SLM among male and female subjects were 17.07±1.64 and 14.92 ± 1.33 respectively. Similarly of the left side of male and female subjects were 13.30 ±1.52 and 11.73± 1. The mean distance of left ILM among male and female subjects were 13.44± 1.68 and 11.79 ± 1.21 respectively and on the left side of male and female subjects were 1.3 ± 1.52 and 11.73 ± 1.27. There was a statistically significant difference between sex and sides in terms of SLM and ILM (P = 0.0001). Conclusion: Distances from mental foramen to the lower border of mandible demonstrates sexual dimorphism.

Mental foramen: A predictor of age and gender and guide for various procedures

Background: The distance from the inferior border of mental foramen (MF) to lower border of mandible remains constant throughout the life. Considering this fact the present study was carried out to determine role of MF in age and gender estimation and also its importance in planning various treatments. Aims and Objective: (1) To determine the most common type and shape of MF 2) To measure the height of the mandibular body (H), the distance between the superior margin of the MF to the alveolar crest (SM-AC), the distance between the superior margin of the MF to the inferior border of the mandible (SM-IB), the distance between the inferior margin of the MF to the inferior border (IM-IB) on the right side and left side. (3) To compare the above measurements for age and gender determination. (4) To determine effect of various factors on above measurements (5) to evaluate whether any significant difference in measurement occurs on right and left side. (6) To derive a regression equation for age estimation. Materials and Methods: A total of 300 Orthopantomogram were studied. Measurements such as H, SM-AC, SM-IB and IM-IB were carried out on both sides on type II MF in males and females in all the six age groups. Statistical analysis was carried using IBM SPSS version 24 to determine differences in measurements and linear regression analysis was carried out to determine age of individuals. Result: The most common appearance of MF was type II and shape was oval. Statistically significant differences occurred in measurements using which regressive equation for age estimation was derived for males & females. Conclusion: MF, being a stable landmark in mandible, serves as a good indicator for the determination of age and gender. Hence, using certain measurements related to MF, it can help in determining the age of the individual. Further, its position and distance from the alveolar crest serve as a guide for orthognathic surgeries, implant placement, and pre-prosthetic surgery.

Gender determination by radiographic analysis of mental foramen in the Maharashtra population of India.

Context:Identification of gender is of primary importance in forensic investigations when only fragment of skull remains. Mandible is a hard bone and exhibits a high degree of sexual dimorphism. Gender differences were observed in the height of mandible, gonial angle, bigonial breadth, bicondylar breadth, and position of mental foramen (MF).Aims of the Study:The purpose of this study is to evaluate gender differences in distances from superior border of MF (SMF) and inferior border of MF (IMF) to the lower border of mandible (LBM) and height of mandible in the Maharashtra population.Materials and Methods:A total of 400 patients (200 males and 200 females) were considered for the study. The panoramic radiographs of patients were captured using Xtropan 2000 system and Carestream (T-Mat GIRA) films. The distance from SMF and IMF to the LBM and the height of mandible was measured.Statistical Analysis Used:Unpaired t-test was applied to calculate the differences between the genders.Results:The distance from SMF and IMF to LBM and height of mandible was more in males when compared to females, which was statistically significant.Conclusion:The distances from SMF and IMF to the LBM and height of the mandible showed sexual dimorphism in the Maharashtra population of India.