Inferential Statistical Analysis Research Articles

Students’ Perception Towards Solid Waste Management and Environmental Sustainability of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Campus, Awka

Nigeria’s rising population makes waste generation an inevitable endeavour. In the journey of national development, waste generation is static. With a population of over 170 million, Nigeria produces a staggering volume of solid waste, of which less than 20% is collected through a formal system. Waste generation on the Nnamdi Azikiwe University campus, Awka, has remained contentious as generated waste is neither categorised nor recycled for re-usage purposes. The survey research method was adopted for this research, with the questionnaire utilised as research instrument. This study included the entire population due to size manageability. Statistically, descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were fit for purpose and, hence, utilised. Findings revealed that biological processing of waste and environmental waste management education would result in the environmental sustainability of the Nnamdi Azikiwe University campus, Awka. This study recommends that the university management prioritise building a biological waste processing facility and champion the creation of environmental waste management education awareness for improved harmful waste generation and control.

Digital Transformation in Community Radio: Extending the Reach of Social Inclusion Efforts at Mathare FM, Nairobi, Kenya

This study explores the potential of Mathare FM, a community radio station in Nairobi’s Mathare slum, to enhance social inclusion through digital transformation. The main objectives were to assess how digital platforms can expand Mathare FM’s role in promoting social inclusion and to explore the perceptions of listeners and staff regarding the integration of these tools. Purposive sampling method was employed to select participants who could provide relevant insights regarding the station's social inclusion impact for Mathare residents. Grounded in Diffusion of Innovations Theory and Uses and Gratifications Theory, this research analyses the benefits of incorporating social media, mobile applications, and online streaming into the station’s operations. Data collected from the questionnaires were analysed using SPSS to perform descriptive and inferential statistical analyses. A descriptive research approach was used, combining questionnaires and interviews with a sample size of 400 members. Findings indicate that Mathare FM plays a significant role in promoting social inclusion, with 53% of respondents reporting high satisfaction with the station's community engagement efforts. Notably, 76% of respondents believe that digital platforms would facilitate greater engagement for marginalized groups, and 73% expressed a willingness to integrate these tools with traditional broadcasting. The study recommends developing a comprehensive digital strategy, enhancing social media engagement, and leveraging mobile applications to increase accessibility and interaction within the community.

Influence of Corporate Culture on the Implementation of Change Initiatives in Kirinyaga County Government, Kenya

This research aimed to examine influence of corporate culture on the implementation of change initiatives in Kirinyaga County Government, Kenya. The investigation used the Kanter Theory of Change Management and Resource-Based Theory. The study adopted a descriptive survey methodology and specifically targeted a cohort of 213 individuals who were engaged in the administrative sector of Kirinyaga County. The sample size was obtained by the use of stratified random sampling, and the appropriate sample size was computed using the Yamane formula. Therefore, the study sample size was 139 respondents The investigating methods used questionnaire. The data were collected by use of questionnaires and examined using version 26.0 of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The descriptive statistical analysis included the computation of percentages, frequencies, measures of central tendency, and measures of dispersion. The research used inferential statistical analysis, namely correlation and multiple regressions, to ascertain the magnitude and orientation of the relationship between the variables under investigation. The analysis was performed with a 95% confidence level. The findings demonstrated a robust and statistically significant correlation between the corporate culture and the implementation of change initiatives in the Kirinyaga County Government, Kenya. R-Squared is a statistical metric that estimates the proportion of variability in the dependent variable that can be explained by the independent variables. The study revealed that the R-squared value was 0.572, suggesting that the corporate culture, can explain 57.2% of the variability in the implementation of change initiatives in the Kirinyaga County Government, Kenya. The study highlights the need of fostering a more inclusive decision-making process by increasing engagement at lower levels of hierarchy within the firm. The research recommends that county officials should prioritize and improve communication by consistently and transparently explaining the reasons for change initiatives to all employees. The paper proposes conducting a comparative research to examine the effects of different leadership styles and change management tactics used in the county administration.

Empowerment and Sustainability: Investigating Barriers to Women’s Transition from Higher Education to Empowerment in Brazil

Gender equality continues to be a global issue, with significant disparities in attention and action between developed and developing nations. Women, in particular, face unique challenges when transitioning from higher education (HE) to empowerment compared to their male counterparts. In many developing countries, barriers to accessing formal education are prevalent, while, in others, despite access to education, women struggle to leverage their learning for societal advancement. This paper adopts the development theory approach by exploring the role of gender equality in fostering sustainable development, emphasizing how women’s empowerment is integral to overall societal progress. This study focuses on Brazil, where, despite high levels of female educational attainment, women still encounter substantial obstacles in transforming their education into meaningful societal empowerment. These challenges include restricted freedom and mobility, deeply ingrained gender norms, violence and harassment, cultural and societal expectations, economic limitations, and family obligations. Survey data were collated from 192 students, alumni, and staff at three academic higher education (HE) institutions in Brazil, utilizing a range of descriptive and inferential statistical analyses to uncover the most significant barriers. This study concludes with policy recommendations aimed at various stakeholders, including government bodies, employers, and other organizations, to support a smoother transition for women from higher education to empowerment. These recommendations include improving workplace policies, enhancing legal protections, and promoting gender equality in leadership roles, all of which are essential to narrowing the gender gap in Brazil.

How Social Identities Facilitate the Growth of Affective Political Polarization

This study explored the relationships between a selection of social identity factors and affective political polarization among adults in the United States. A broad selection of literature was reviewed and employed in informing a descriptive and inferential statistical analysis of 2008 and 2020 American National Election Studies (ANES) survey data. Multiple regression was used to describe and quantify the relationships between selected variables and affective polarization within the datasets. These methods were paired with tests for differences in means in a comparative analysis of the 2008 and 2020 demographic and political environments, which revealed a statistically significant difference in the levels of affective polarization between the two years. Ideological polarization and ageing stood out as the factors that contributed most heavily to this this growth in affective polarization. Broadly, these findings suggested that demographic and psychographic shifts may have played a role in facilitating growth of affective political polarization across the years. Finally, a post-hoc analysis identified the growth of affective polarization as originating from increased hostility for political out-groups, highlighting the need for further research into other political, social, and economic events that may have triggered the growth of affective polarization.

THE EFFECT OF PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING ASSISTED WITH PHET SIMULATION ON STUDENTS’ LEARNING OUTCOMES OF LIGHT AND OPTICAL DEVICES OPTICS TOPIC

This research is based on the preliminary study conducted at SMPN 16 Padang which found that students' learning outcomes in science teaching are still considered suboptimal. This is indicated by several students' scores that have not yet met the Learning Outcome Completion Criteria of 80. This research aims to determine the effect of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by PhET simulations on the learning outcomes of eighth-grade students at SMPN 16 Padang. The type of research is a quasi-experiment with a non-equivalent control group design. The population in this study is all the eighth-grade students of SMPN 16 Padang. Sample collection was conducted using purposive sampling techniques. Thus, the research samples were obtained from students in class VIII 2 and VIII 4. The research samples consisted of experimental class applying the Problem-Based Learning model assisted by PhET simulations and control class using the conventional learning model. Data collection was conducted through tests administered before (pretest) and after the treatment (posttest) on the experimental and control classes in the form of multiple-choice questions. The obtained data were analyzed using inferential statistical analysis, and the results of the two-sample t-test for the pre-test and N-gain were 0.002 for the pre-test significance and 0.000 for the N-Gain significance, which means was rejected or there was a significant difference between the two groups because the significance value (p) was less than 0.05. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence of the application of the PBL learning model assisted by PhET simulations on the learning outcomes of eighth-grade students in the subject of light and optical instruments.

Customizing a mass appraisal model for residential property tax assessment: a hedonic regression approach in Bahir Dar city, Ethiopia

PurposeThe paper aims to estimate the house rental values for the purpose of customizing mass appraisals in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia. It seeks to identify the critical factors affecting the rental values of residential properties and customize a mass appraisal model for such properties. The study focuses on identifying attributes that significantly affect house rental values.Design/methodology/approachThe paper adopted a survey research design, utilizing a survey questionnaire, expert group discussion and document analysis. The data were analyzed using thematic, descriptive and inferential statistical analysis, including correlation and hedonic regression analysis.FindingsAmong the variables included in the model, the number of rooms, availability of schools, land value grading, type of nearest road, housing typology, built-up area, plot area, walling material, traveling cost and fencing materials were the most significant factors for predicting the annual rental value of residential properties in the city.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of this study will provide valuable insights to tax assessors, property owners and local government authorities, including municipalities, concerning the key determinants of the rental values of residential properties. Besides, these findings will serve as a useful tool for valuers and researchers in the field of property value modeling.Originality/valueThis study represents the first attempt to develop a framework for mass appraisal of residential properties using annual rental values in the Ethiopian context.

Psychometric Validation of the CLN2 Quality of Life Questionnaire in Participants with CLN2 Disease Treated with Cerliponase Alfa

Objectives: This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2 Quality of Life (CLN2 QoL) questionnaire. Methods: Data from children with CLN2 disease aged 3–16 years receiving cerliponase alfa in the BMN 190-201 and BMN 190-202 clinical studies, collected via purposive sampling, were used to assess convergent and divergent validity, internal consistency and reliability. The clinically important difference (CID) was estimated with distribution- and anchor-based methods. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS. Results: CLN2 QoL data of 22 participants were analysed. Ceiling effects were observed in 22 items (35% threshold); no floor effects were observed. Internal consistency analysis showed good reliability (Cronbach’s alpha and Omega reliability >0.7) for four domains at study completion; only one domain had good reliability at baseline. All domains had good test–retest reliability (correlation >0.5) except Feeding With G-Tube and Seizures. Convergent and divergent correlation analysis showed moderate-strong correlations (>0.4) between PedsQL and CLN2 QoL total scores, between the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) total score and most CLN2 QoL domains at baseline, and between CLN2 QoL total score and most PedsQL domains at week 97. Known groups validity showed a significant difference in means for the Behaviour domain (p = 0.05) for reasons that could not be clarified. CID was 6.79–12.94 for domains; total score CID was 6.91 using distribution-based and 6.13–13.05 using anchor-based methods. Conclusions: This study is the first to validate the CLN2 QoL and to estimate the CID of this instrument in CLN2 patients. Our results show good validity and reliability of this tool.

Tourism Development Impact on Economic Growth and Poverty Alleviation in West Java

Poverty alleviation is on the agenda of regional development in West Java. One of the priority sectors is tourism development, which supports inclusive economic growth and is expected to address poverty. Through various unit analyses, the study analyzed how tourism development in West Java impacts economic growth and poverty alleviation. These included indicators such as the number of tourist visits, hotel room occupancy rate, the number of hotels and restaurants, average length of stay, and the tourism sector's contribution to Original Local Government Revenue (PAD). Economic growth was assessed using indicators such as Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), unemployment rate, Gini Index, and regional investment value. In contrast, the poverty variable used the percentage and number of people living in poverty, poverty line statistics, Poverty Depth Index, and Poverty Severity Index. Inferential statistical analysis, specifically Partial Least Square (PLS), was conducted using a quantitative approach and data from BPS - Statistics of West Java. Hypotheses were formulated based on the literature review, asserting that tourism development significantly and positively impacted economic growth and poverty alleviation in West Java. Results showed that tourism development significantly boosted economic performance, directly influencing economic growth. Additionally, high economic growth correlated with reduced poverty rates, highlighting the importance of inclusive growth for alleviation. Key indicators played crucial roles in poverty alleviation, including the number of hotels and restaurants, the tourism sector's contribution to regional revenue, GRDP, and regional investment value. These findings provided valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders to develop effective strategies for leveraging tourism potential to promote inclusive economic growth and alleviate poverty in West Java.

Does Real-time Feedback Guide Devices Improve the Quality of Chest Compressions in the Bystander (Naves) Provider?

Abstract Introduction: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an important lifesaving technique that must taught to everyone. As most cardiac arrests occur outside of the hospital, training the general population in the recognition of cardiac arrest and performing high-quality CPR is vital. Thus, this study aimed to compare the chest compression quality data (rate, depth, and fraction) with and without the use of feedback devices during CPR. Methods: A crossover observational study was carried out at a tertiary hospital in September 2021. Five hundred and seventeen 1st-year university students were recruited, and the response rate was 90% (465). A feedback device was used to collect data. The data were numerically coded and statistical software (SPSS 21) was used to perform descriptive and inferential statistical analysis, including a paired t-test. Results: The mean compression rate with feedback was statistically significantly lower after performing one cycle of CPR (mean difference: −5.610; 95% confidence interval [CI]= −7.987–−3.233; P < 0.001), the difference between mean compression depth with and without feedback was not statistically significant (mean difference: = −0.006; 95% CI = −0.190–0.177; P = 0.944), and the mean compression target (%) with feedback was statistically significantly higher (mean difference: −15.951; 95% CI = −17.894–−14.009; P < 0.001). Conclusions: We found that the use of feedback devices during layperson-simulated CPR scenarios significantly improved the quality of chest compression in terms of depth and rate and resulted in more guidelines adherence. Moreover, national programs for CPR education should be implemented.

Differences in the reading performance of Texas grade 4 boys enrolled in Title I, part A and non-Title I, part A schools

In this investigation, the reading performance of Texas Grade 4 boys was compared by their enrollment or non-enrollment in Title I, Part A schools. Data were obtained from the Texas Education Agency Public Education Information Management System for all Grade 4 boys in Texas who took the State of Texas Assessment of Academic Readiness assessment in the 2016-2017, 2017-2018, and 2018-2019 school years. Inferential statistical analyses revealed the presence of statistically significant differences in all three school years. Boys enrolled in non-Title I, Part A schools outperformed boys enrolled in Title I, Part A schools in all three Reading Reporting Categories and in all three grade level standards. Recommendations for research and implications for policy and practice are suggested.

Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran Powtoon pada Materi Sel Terhadap Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Kelas XI Madrasah Aliyah Pesantren Guppi Samata

This research covers the application of PowToon learning media to improve student learning outcomes in Cell material. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of the use of PowToon learning media on the learning outcomes of students in the material of Cell XI MA MA Guppi Samata Islamic Boarding School. This study included a pseudo-experiment using a non-equivalent pretest posttest control group design. The population in this study is all students of class XI MA Guppi Samata Islamic Boarding School consisting of 2 classes. The sampling technique in this study is by using the purposive sampling method. The research instrument is in the form of a learning outcome test consisting of 30 multiple-choice questions. Data analysis techniques use descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results of the study showed that students who were taught using PowToon learning media had an average learning outcome of 87.36, while students who were taught using Conventional learning media (Biology Package books) had an average learning outcome of 71.3. The results of inferential statistical analysis obtained a sign value for learning outcomes of 0.000, this value shows that sign < α = 0.000 < 0.05 so that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the application of PowToon learning media has an effect on the learning outcomes of students in the Class XI Cell material of Madrasah Aliyah Guppi Samata Islamic Boarding School.

Perbedaan Efikasi Diri Siswa Dari Lingkungan Keluarga Wirausaha dan Keluarga Non Wirausaha Pada Siswa Kelas XI di SMA Negeri 3 Gorontalo

This research aimed to determine the differences in self-efficacy between students with entrepreneurial family environments and non-entrepreneurial family backgrounds. This research adopted a quantitative approach with a comparative research method. Data collection techniques included observation, questionnaires, and documentation among Class XI students at SMA Negeri (State Senior High School) 3 Gorontalo, with a sample size of 40 respondents. Data analysis techniques involved descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis. The research findings indicate differences in self-efficacy between students with entrepreneurial family backgrounds and non-entrepreneurial family backgrounds in Class XI of SMA Negeri 3 Goroutalo. In detail, the difference is noticeable in catrepreneurial families, which tend to have higher levele of self-efficacy than students from non-entrepreneurial families. In other words, the difference in self- efficacy between students with entrepreneurial and non-entrepreneurial families is not coincidental but considered statistically significant. This condition suggests that the entrepreneurial family background significantly influences students' self- efficacy development compared to the non-entrepreneurial family background.

Lecturer Performance: The Influence of Transformational Leadership Style, Work Environment, Compensation, and Institutional Transformation

This study aims to test and analyze the influence of transformational leadership style, work environment, compensation, and institutional transformation on the performance of lecturers at the Mandala Institute of Technology and Science. This study uses a quantitative approach. Data analysis uses descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis that describes a certain characteristic or feature of a phenomenon that occurs and makes conclusions or generalizations about the population based on sample data. The sample used was 48 lecturers at the Mandala Institute of Technology and Science. The results of the study indicate that compensation affects lecturer performance, while transformational leadership style, work environment, and institutional transformation do not affect lecturer performance. The implications of this study indicate that increasing compensation can significantly improve lecturer performance at the Mandala Institute of Technology and Science, so it is important for institutions to focus on fairer and more adequate compensation policies. Conversely, improvements in transformational leadership style, work environment, and institutional transformation need to be adjusted to the specific context and needs of lecturers in order to have a more significant impact on performance.

Attitudinal Beliefs About Suicidal Behavior and Attitudes Towards Suicide Attempts in Colombian Healthcare Professionals.

Background: Suicide remains a major global public health concern, ranking among the leading causes of death worldwide. Healthcare professionals play a crucial role in preventing suicide, yet their attitudes and beliefs about suicidal behavior can significantly impact the quality of care provided to individuals at risk. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the attitudinal beliefs of Colombian healthcare professionals regarding suicidal behavior and their attitudes toward suicide attempts. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 354 healthcare professionals, including interns, from fields such as medicine, nursing, and nursing assistance. Participants completed the Attitudinal Beliefs Questionnaire about Suicidal Behavior (CCCS-18) and the Attitudes Towards Suicide Attempt Scale (ASETSA). Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed to examine the relationship between professional experience and attitudes toward suicidal behavior. Results: The findings revealed that many participants exhibit attitudes that legitimize suicide in cases of extreme suffering, such as in terminal illness. However, there were significant gaps in comprehensive approaches to suicide prevention, with varying levels of commitment to individual and institutional support. Clinical experience was identified as a key factor in shaping these attitudes, with more experienced professionals showing a nuanced understanding of suicide triggers and prevention. Conclusions: The results underscore the importance of ongoing training programs that not only improve technical knowledge but also address misconceptions and stigmas related to suicide. These findings have direct implications for developing targeted interventions and educational programs within the Colombian healthcare context to ensure more compassionate and effective care for individuals at risk of suicide.

Pre-Service Science Teachers’ Beliefs About Creativity at School: A Study in the Hispanic Context

The present study examines the beliefs of pre-service science teachers on creativity in science teaching and learning and identifies factors in the school environment that, in their view, can influence students’ creativity. A total of 152 Colombian prospective science teachers participated in this study. A questionnaire, with an open and a closed part, was administered to participants. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis of the qualitative and quantitative data collected was carried out. The results revealed that (a) the concept of creativity held by the participants was incomplete and significantly diverged from expert definitions; (b) they viewed creativity as a universal potential that can be nurtured within the school system; (c) the ability to identify problems and ask challenging questions was rarely selected as a creative personality trait; (d) they demonstrated unclear ideas about the relationship between creativity and intelligence and the role of prior knowledge in students’ creativity; and (e) the subject or curricular domain was seen as an important factor influencing students’ creativity. From all this, it could be concluded that Colombian future science teachers exhibited flawed concepts of creativity based on poorly articulated beliefs, which is consistent with findings in other international studies.

Influence of Family-Related Truancy on Pupils’ Academic Performance in Public Primary School in Kakamega Central Sub-County, Kenya

Education is a continuous process of structured instruction aimed at achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through pupils’ academic performance. However, Kenyan primary schools encounter persistent challenges, including low grades, behavioral issues, lack of engagement, and difficulties in mastering basic academic skills, raising significant concerns. Thus, the purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of family-related truancy on pupils’ academic performance in public primary school in Kakamega Central Sub-County, Kenya. The study was anchored on Hirschi (1969) social control theory. The study employed a descriptive survey research design, targeting768 respondents, including 67 deputy head teachers 134 pupils and 567 class teachers. The sample size comprised 256 individuals, consisting of 24 head teachers, 45 pupils and 205 class teachers, selected using a stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected through validated questionnaires and interview guides, with instrument reliability confirmed via a pilot study, demonstrating a Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient of 0.74. Quantitative data underwent descriptive and inferential statistical analysis, presented in tables, while qualitative data were analyzed for common themes, organized, and discussed within the study’s main objective areas, with relevant quotations used to present findings. The research findings indicated a statistically significant correlation (p=0.00 at α = 0.05) between causes of family-related truancy and pupils’ academic performance in public primary schools. Therefore, it is recommended that education policymakers devise and execute comprehensive guidelines and support systems to effectively manage and mitigate the various causes of truancy stemming from family. The information provided by this study will benefit policymakers, community members and academicians.

How Knowledge Sharing Mediate the Effect of Authentic Leadership on Organizational Commitment

This study aims to provide empirical evidence of the effect of Authentic Leadership on Organizational Commitment which is mediated by Knowledge Sharing. This research is causality associative research using a quantitative approach. The scope of this research includes the subject of the research, namely permanent employees and contract employees at PT. Karya Pak Oles Tokcer who work in Bali Province. The population in this study were all employees of PT Karya Pak Oles Tokcer in Bali Province with a total of 117 employees. The sampling technique used in this study was saturated sampling which is included in non-probability sampling. The data analysis technique in this study uses two analysis techniques, namely descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of the analysis provide evidence that Authentic Leadership has a positive effect on Organizational Commitment and Authentic Leadership affects Knowledge Sharing. Knowledge Sharing also has a positive effect on Organizational Commitment and mediates Authentic Leadership on Organizational Commitment.

A Cultural Context Approach to Leadership Effectiveness in Healthcare: Evidence from Ghana

This study investigates the relationship between leadership styles and employee performance within hospitals in the Effutu Municipality, Ghana. Targeting nurses, healthcare administrators, allied health professionals, and domestic staff from four purposefully selected hospitals, a sample size of 384 participants was determined using the Cochran formula. A stratified random sampling technique ensured a proportional representation of the distinct subgroups. A final usable sample of 300 participants was achieved after thorough data checking and screening. Data were collected using a questionnaire developed from established leadership constructs, exhibiting high reliability with a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.87. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 25.0, including multiple linear regression to assess the impact of various leadership styles on employee performance. The findings indicate that all examined leadership styles—transactional, bureaucratic, autocratic, transformational, democratic, participative, and laissez-faire—had significant positive effects on employee performance. These results challenge the notion of a single "best" leadership style, suggesting that the effectiveness of leadership approaches is context-dependent. The study's limitations include its geographical scope, with recommendations for future research to explore contextual factors, long-term effects, and cross-cultural comparisons to enhance the understanding of leadership impacts in diverse healthcare settings.

Literature Review: Historical Review of Traumatic Brain Injury Caused by Fishing Speargun & a New Suicide Case

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a severe neurosurgical emergency and a significant public health concern. Fishing spearguns TBIs are included in nonmissile injuries and have been implicated in only few cases of TBI in the past 68 years, mainly of accidental etiology. To introduce a novel case report of a TBI in a 38-year-old man shot himself with a speargun in a suicide attempt and to present a thorough review of related case reports along with the management strategies, prognosis, and outcomes. We conducted a literature review of case reports in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, including incidents of TBI by speargun published in Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science until January 2024. A total of 22 publications, reporting 26 cases of speargun-related TBIs formulated the 27 investigated cases including the current patient which were used in this descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Predominantly affecting males (88.89%) with a median age of 29 years, these injuries were primarily due to accidents (65.38%), with a noticeable shift towards suicide. Outcome variability ranged from intact recovery (48.15%) in majority of cases to a range of unfavorable outcomes. Significant factors impacting outcomes included initial GCS score <8, major initial CT head findings, and major complications. Survival analysis indicated early manifestation of unfavorable outcomes. In summary, the diverse presentation, management, outcomes and identified influencing factors highlight the complexity of managing speargun-related injuries, and the need for personalized approaches and further research to enhance care protocols.