Infections Of Viral Etiology Research Articles

Triazavirin-A Novel Effective Antiviral Drug.

This review outlines the data of numerous studies relating to the broad-spectrum antiviral drug Triazavirin that was launched on the Russian pharmaceutical market in 2014 as an anti-influenza drug (the international non-patented name is Riamilovir). The range of antiviral activity of Triazavirin has been significantly expanded during recent years; in particular, it has been shown that Triazavirin exhibits activity against tick-borne encephalitis, Rift Valley fever, West Nile fever, and other infections of viral etiology. This drug has been approved for treatment of influenza and acute respiratory infections by the Russian Ministry of Health on the basis of comprehensive clinical trials involving over 450 patients. Triazavirin was found to be a highly effective and well-tolerated drug, allowing its over-the-counter sale. The recently published data on the use of Triazavirin in clinical practice for the treatment of patients with COVID-19 are discussed, with special attention paid to potential biological targets for this drug.

ФАРМАКОЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ АНТИМИКРОБНОЙ ТЕРАПИИ COVID-19 У ГЕРИАТРИЧЕСКИХ БОЛЬНЫХ В УСЛОВИЯХ СТАЦИОНАРА

Abstract. A new coronavirus infection, like other infections of viral etiology, is not an indication for the use of antibiotics. The cause of lung damage in COVID-19 is immune mechanisms, in which macrophages are activated and a "cytokine storm" develops, which is not affected by antibiotics. Antibacterial therapy is prescribed only if there are convincing signs of bacterial infection adherence. Therefore, a competent and reasonable approach to prescribing antibacterial drugs during a pandemic new coronavirus infection is necessary. The aim of the study was to conduct a pharmacoeconomic analysis of COVID-19 antibiotic therapy and to identify cases of irrational prescribing of antibiotics. Case histories of 334 patients treated in a reassigned hospital infectious disease unit in October 2021 with a diagnosis of Covid-19 new coronavirus infection were analyzed. The study found that antibiotic therapy was prescribed in 52.5% of patients aged 60 years or older and 38.5% of those younger than 60 years. A single antibacterial was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic 66.4% in the elderly and 78% in the young. Levofloxacin was most frequently prescribed as a starting antibiotic (32.7% of all AB prescriptions in the elderly and 54% in the young). Ceftriaxone (17.8%), Cefotaxime (15.9%), and Cefotaxime + Sulbactam (13.1%) were also commonly prescribed in those over 60 years of age. The effectiveness of antibacterial agents in the treatment of NKI was calculated using a cost-effectiveness pharmacoeconomic analysis using the criteria of therapy duration, length of hospital stay, and prescription of a second antibiotic. The best cost-effectiveness ratio was observed for prescribing ciprofloxacin (5.5), ceftriaxone (13.2), and cefotaxime (32.1) to the elderly. Irrational prescribing of antibiotics was noted in 10.8% of all antibiotic prescriptions. Of all irrational prescriptions, levofloxacin accounted for the largest number (64.7%).

Effects of the Wear of the Water Supply Network on the Epidemiological Safety of Drinking Water in Small Towns in the Ryazan Region

INTRODUCTION: The sanitary and epidemiological reliability (SER) of a centralized drinking water supply system (CDWSS) is one of the determining factors of the quality of drinking water, and it is assessed by a special methodology developed by Erisman Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene.
 AIM: To conduct a comprehensive hygienic assessment of SER considering microbiological parameters of drinking water quality.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted jointly with the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology of the Ryazan region (RR) in six district centers of the RR supplied with water from different aquifers. Water samples were taken according to the standard method of Methodological Guidelines (MUK) 4.2.1018-01. Microbiological parameters of drinking water quality were determined in the selected water samples in accordance with the Sanitary Norms and Regulations (SanPiN) 1.2.3685-21. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 2019 and IBM SPSS Statistics 19.
 RESULTS: The recorded levels of generalized complex parameter SER of CDWSS were as follows: Skopin, 1.6 points (the most unfavorable situation); Mikhailov, 1.3 points; Ryazhsk, 1.1 points; Kasimov, 0.4 points; and Korablino and Sasovo, 0.3 points each (the least unfavorable situation). In Skopin, Ryazhsk, and Mikhailov, a strong correlation was found between the increased content of the microbiological parameters and the incidence of dysentery and acute intestinal infections of viral etiology in the adolescent population.
 CONCLUSION: The lowest levels of SER of the CDWSS were recorded in Skopin, Mikhailov, and Ryazhsk. A direct correlation of high strength was found between the exceedance of the permissible values of the microbiological parameters of drinking water and the incidence of dysentery and intestinal infections of viral etiology among adolescents in these towns.

Норовірусна інфекція: особливості епідеміології та клініко-лабораторних проявів на сучасному етапі

Гострі кишкові інфекції вірусної етіології набувають все більшої актуальності. У даній роботі проведено аналіз клініко-епідеміологічних особливостей норовірусної кишкової інфекції у дітей. Наведені дані власних досліджень, проведених за 2013–2016 роки. Норовірусна інфекція характеризується гострим початком, помірною лихоманкою, водянистою діареєю, циклічністю перебігу. Пацієнтам віком до 1 року властивий розвиток вододефіцитного ексикозу. Групою ризику є діти перших трьох років життя. Клінічний перебіг норовірусної інфекції залежить від віку і преморбідного фону.

Инфекционная заболеваемость в Хабаровском крае за 2020 год

The article analyzes the infectious morbidity of the population of the Khabarovsk Krai in 2020. It is concluded that in the structure of infectious morbidity the prevailing nosological form is the group of airborne infections and the group of intestinal infections of viral etiology. A sporadic incidence of natural focal infections is recorded

ОСНОВЫ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ САНИТАРНО-ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО БЛАГОПОЛУЧИЯ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ В ПЕРИОДЫ ПОДТОПЛЕНИЯ ТЕРРИТОРИИ РАЙОНА

The unfavorable sanitary-epidemiological situation in the conditions of natural disasters and man-made disasters testifies to the need to improve the activities of the sanitary-epidemiological service as one of the most important links in ensuring the safety of the environment for public health. In an emergency situation related to the unfavorable flood situation in the Tuapse district of Krasnodar region in 2012 and 2014, an increase in the incidence of the sum of acute intestinal infections (AII) in the post-flood periods was registered, which exceeded the average long-term morbidity rate by 33.3 % and 20.9 %, respectively. Mostly recorded AII bacterial etiology to 53.8 %, caused by conditionally pathogenic microflora. The peculiarity of the situation was an increase in the population of intestinal infections of viral etiology by 20 times and caused by pathogenic microorganisms by 2 times compared to the preplant period. The share of water factor in the transmission of AII cases was 34.8 % in 2012, 14.7 % in 2014, the leading pathway of infection - contact and household. The implementation of sanitary-hygienic and anti-epidemic measures provided the operational management of the system of life support of the population during the natural disaster.

The assess of the contamination of the hospital environment with intestinal viruses in the framework of epidemiological surveillance of acute intestinal infections of viral etiology

The assess of the contamination of the hospital environment with intestinal viruses in the framework of epidemiological surveillance of acute intestinal infections of viral etiology

The marketing research of medicines used in complex treatment of acute intestinal infections of viral etiology in children

The marketing research of medicines used in complex treatment of acute intestinal infections of viral etiology in children

Проблема заболеваемости инфекциями, передающимися половым путем, подросткового населения Ульяновской области

Sexually transmitted infections are one of the most important medico- social problems not only in Russia, but also in the entire world. In the work the statistical analysis of the primary prevalence of morbidity sexually transmitted infections among the teenagers (15-17 years) in the Ul’yanovsky region on the basis of data of state statistical observation (since 2006. until 2011.) is carried out. The authors note that there is a decreasing in the incidence of gonorrhoea (almost 4 times) and syphilis (about 2 times) from 2007 to 2011. High incidence rates of trichomoniasis, compared with the other surveyed sexually transmitted infections, were identified. The incidence of chlamydia remains at a consistently high level, in spite of its decline in 2011; and the growth in the incidence of sexually transmitted infections of viral etiology (anogenital herpes and anogenital warts) is inter-leaved with their lower and occurs in relatively low numbers. Gender characteristics of the incidence of sexually transmitted infections, were identified. There are variations of incidence for each of sexually transmitted infec-tions. A sharp rise in these infections was observed in 2010, but the authors noted a decrease in primary inci-dence of infections in the age group 15-17 years of the Ulyanovsky region.

Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections by Adenovirus in Children: Histopathologic Findings in 18 Fatal Cases

Adenoviruses (Ads) are the 2nd-most common cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections of viral etiology in immunocompetent children who require hospitalization in Argentina. A new pathogenic genomic variant, Ad7h, has been identified and was associated with severe sequelae and a high mortality rate. A retrospective observational study was conducted in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infections between March 1988 and May 2005. Nasopharyngeal or tracheal aspirates, bacteriological analysis on blood samples and pleural fluids, and histopathologic studies on autopsies were performed. A total of 415 children were included in the study. Sixty-two patients died in the acute stage of illness (1-8 weeks), and postmortem examination was performed on 18 of them. Mean age was 8.25 months. The male to female ratio was 1.3∶1. The Ad was genome typed in 9% of all children, of whom 29 corresponded to the Ad7h variant. This genome type was diagnosed in 7 of the autopsies performed. Necrotizing bronchitis and bronchiolitis with abundant typical adenoviral inclusion nuclear cells and diffuse alveolar damage were the most important findings. Superimposed bacterial infection occurred in 11 cases, and cytomegalovirus was found in 1. In our population, Ad respiratory infection was found to have a severe course with sequelae or death. No differences were observed between lesions caused by other previously described genome types and those found in cases in which Ad7h was identified.

Современный подход к коррекции экзокринной недостаточности поджелудочной железы и синдрома мальабсорбции у детей, больных острыми кишечными инфекциями вирусной этиологии

Современный подход к коррекции экзокринной недостаточности поджелудочной железы и синдрома мальабсорбции у детей, больных острыми кишечными инфекциями вирусной этиологии

Tonsillitis and respiratory infections of viral aetiology in a developing country

Among 75 clinically diagnosed cases of tonsillitis, 55 (73.3%) were found to be of viral aetiology. Serological and virological investigations identified adenovirus as the main causative agent in children as well as in adults. In only two instances, both in children, was an association with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in tonsillitis detected, an extremely rare finding. A cross-sectional sero-epidemiological study of respiratory infections caused by adenovirus, RSV, influenza (A,B) and para-influenza (types 1,2,3) viruses was carried out in 289 Saudi children (newborn to 15 years of age) and 86 adults (healthy male blood donors and pregnant women) using a single serological technique. In children as well as in adults, adenoviruses were the most predominant respiratory pathogens, with no marked variation in age-specific antibody prevalence rates.

Significance of viral infections in severe combined immunodeficiency disease.

An analysis of a prospective study of viral infections in 12 patients with severe combined immunodeficiency is presented. Infections of viral etiology were common, with pulmonary and gastrointestinal infections being most frequent. Fourteen of 25 infections (56%) were nonsocomially acquired and 10 of 25 (40%) were community-acquired. The period of symptomatology and the duration of viral excretion were usually prolonged beyond those associated with disease in the general pediatric population. Pulmonary infections were associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Gastrointestinal infections disrupted gastrointestinal function and possibly played a role in enteric Gram-negative bacillary sepsis. The inability of these patients to eradicate these viruses in the absence of immunologic reconstitution resulted in significant morbidity, often with a fatal outcome.

LEUKEMOID REACTION TO MUMPS VIRUS.

THERE is a widely held opinion among physicians that infections of viral etiology with few exceptions are associated with leukopenia. white-cell counts in patients with mumps are variable and have ...