Infant Health Problems Research Articles

Congenital CMV infection - what we know about the symptoms, treatment and prevention? - Review of literature

Introduction: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a double-strand DNA virus, member of the viral family known as Herpesviridae which is wide-spread. CMV infection is the most common congenital infection worldwide. Disease is mostly asymptomatic for healthy people, therefore is detected late, when the children start presenting symptoms. Unfortunately the congenital CMV infection leads to the serious health problems for infants. Detection of the virus is typically done through quantitative PCR assays. Infection especially affects nervous system and can present infant’s deafness. Earlier it was equivalent with the children being deaf till the end of life, but nowadays thanks to the development of laryngological methods (ex. cochlear implantation) patients have chance to grow up correctly. Material and methods: A literature search was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. We searched articles by entering key words in the appropriate configuration: “CMV”, “Congenital CMV infection”, “valganciclovir”, “infant’s deafness”. Scientific articles published between 1991–2023 were analyzed from all over the world and guidelines of Polish Society of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases.Conclusions: Currently we haven’t got prevention towards congenital CMV, only the treatment for infants: valganciclovir. It stops development of severe symptoms. There are available analysis, where using valganciclovir during pregnancy reduces the possibility or soften the course of the congenital CMV infection , but it’s not the obligatory guidelines. In many countries researchers want to conduct screening test for CMV IgG among the pregnant women.

The Aqueous Extract of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni Improves the Lactation-Promoting Effect in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells through the PI3K-AKT Signaling Pathway.

Insufficient milk supply is a widespread issue faced by women globally and associated with a higher risk of health problems in infants and mothers. Hemerocallis citrina Baron, commonly known as daylily, is a perennial edible plant often used in traditional Asian cuisine to promote lactation. However, the active compound(s) and mechanism of its lactation-promoting effect remain unclear. This study aimed to confirm the traditional use of daylily in promoting lactation and investigate its potential active components and underlying molecular mechanisms. Our results showed that the aqueous extracts of H. citrina Baroni (HAE) significantly enhanced milk production, and the serum levels of lactation-related hormones, and promoted mammary gland development in lactating rats, as well as increased the levels of milk components in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) (p < 0.05). UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS analysis revealed that hexamethylquercetin (HQ) is the representative flavonoid component in HAE, accounting for 42.66% of the total flavonoids. An integrated network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis suggested that HQ may be the potential active flavonoid in HAE that promotes lactation, possibly supporting lactation by binding to key target proteins such as STAT5A, PIK3CA, IGF1R, TP53, CCND1, BCL2, INS, AR, and DLD. Cell experiments further demonstrated that HQ could promote cell proliferation and the synthesis of milk proteins, lactose, and milk fat in BMECs. Transcriptomic analysis combined with a quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) revealed that both HAE and HQ exert a lactation-promoting function mainly through regulating the expression of key genes in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.

South Korean first-time mothers' knowledge of digestive health problems in infancy and their utilization of health care facilities for digestive health concerns: a descriptive study.

This study aimed to assess the knowledge level of first-time mothers regarding digestive health issues in infancy and to examine the utilization of healthcare facilities for such problems. Data from 119 first-time mothers of infants under 6 months of age were analyzed. Descriptive statistics, t-test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were conducted using the SPSS software. The average correct response rate for first-time mothers' knowledge of digestive health problems in infancy was 61.9%. The highest correct response rate was observed for infantile colic, while diarrhea had the lowest. Less than 50% of mothers received education on infant digestive health problems across all categories. Among digestive health problems in infancy, diarrhea exhibited the highest rate of healthcare utilization, whereas infantile colic had the lowest. First-time mothers' knowledge of digestive health problems in infancy varied based on maternal age (t=-3.66, p<.001), education level (t=-2.26, p=.026), and planned pregnancy (t=3.24, p=.002). Moreover, mothers who received education on infant digestive health problems demonstrated better overall knowledge of digestive health problems. The rate of education regarding digestive health problems during infancy among first-time mothers was < 50%. Furthermore, mothers educated on infant digestive health issues exhibited improved knowledge. Therefore, it is necessary to provide appropriate pre-education to primiparous common gastrointestinal health issues in infants.

Mental health in genocide: Balancing between posttraumatic distress and growth among displaced Yazidi mothers

Background The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) committed genocide of the Yazidis in Sinjar 2014, resulting in dispersion and enslavement. Research shows severe mental health problems, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among survivors, but less is known about their resources and strengths, conceptualized as posttraumatic growth (PTG). Aims are to examine the balance between symptoms and strengths among Yazidi women caring for their infants by identifying groups differing in PTSD and PTG, and analyze how demographic, obstetric, and infant-related factors associate with the groups. Method Participants were 283 Yazidi mothers with their 1-18-month-old infants displaced in Kurdish Region of North Iraq. PTSD symptoms were measured by Harvard Trauma Questionnaire and PTG by the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. Results identified four groups: “Severe symptoms and low growth” (39%), “Low symptoms and moderate growth” (38%), “Moderate symptoms and very high growth” (13%), and “Moderate symptoms and low growth” (10%). Low education, economic difficulties and obstetric problems related to the “Severe symptoms and low growth” group, whereas newborn and infant health problems did not have an impact. Conclusion Effective help for genocide survivors should both alleviate suffering and encourage resources through tools of recreating a sense of cultural security and pride.

Reticulocyte Hemoglobin Equivalent (Ret-He) sebagai Parameter Defisiensi Besi pada Bayi dan Anak

Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia are still health problems in infants and children around the world, including in Indonesia. There are many causal factors, including pregnancy, rapid growth, nutrition, disease, socioeconomics, etc. The impacts of iron deficiency or iron deficiency anemia include neurological disorders, growth, development, immunity, etc. Early detection is very important, one of the parameters of iron deficiency is Ret-He.

Assessment of knowledge about neonatal danger signs among primiparous women at discharge from healthcare facilities.

This study explores the evaluation of knowledge regarding neonatal danger signs (NDS) among first-time mothers in Pakistan during their discharge from healthcare facilities. The investigation aimed to establish connections between their understanding of NDS and factors such as sociodemographic background, prenatal check-ups, and educational measures. Considering the persistently high neonatal mortality rates in low- and middle-income nations, recognizing maternal NDS awareness becomes crucial for promoting early medical attention and reducing neonatal health risks. Existing research highlights the role of maternal knowledge in shaping neonatal well-being; however, gaps in knowledge remain prevalent, especially among first-time mothers. Using a cross-sectional approach, data were gathered through structured questionnaires, revealing significant relationships among maternal NDS awareness, sociodemographic aspects, prenatal care, and educational interventions. It is noteworthy that first-time mothers demonstrated lower NDS knowledge than mothers with multiple childbirth experiences, while those with higher education displayed greater awareness The effects of educational interventions were diverse, and antenatal visits were linked to enhanced knowledge. This study highlights the significance of focused treatments that target knowledge deficiencies, which can empower women and contribute to the reduction of infant health problems and mortality. encouraging further exploration of effective strategies to augment maternal knowledge and proactive healthcare-seeking behaviors.

Exposure to prenatal stressors and infant autonomic nervous system regulation of stress.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between fetal exposure to maternal prenatal stressors and infant parasympathetic (PNS) and sympathetic (SNS) nervous function at 3 timepoints across the first year of life. Autonomic nervous system impairments may mediate associations between gestational exposure to stressors and later infant health problems. Heart rate variability (HRV) provides a sensitive index of PNS and SNS function. However, no studies have assessed longitudinal associations between prenatal stressors and infant HRV measures of both PNS and SNS over the first year of life. During the third trimester of pregnancy, 233 women completed measures of life stressors and depression. At 1, 6 and 12 months of age, a stressor protocol was administered while infant electrocardiographic (ECG) data were collected from a baseline through a post-stressor period. HRV measures of PNS and SNS activity (HF, LF, LF/HF ratio) were generated from ECG data. We used multilevel regression to examine the aims, adjusting for maternal depression and neonatal morbidity. There were no associations between prenatal stressors and any baseline or reactivity HRV metric over the infant's first year of life. However, exposure to more stressors was associated with lower post-stressor LF HRV at both 6 (β = -.44, p = .001) and 12 (β = -.37, p = .005) months of age. Findings suggest potential alterations in development of the vagally mediated baroreflex function as a result of exposure to prenatal stressors, with implications for the infants' ability to generate a resilient recovery in response to stressors.

PERSPECTIVES OF TRADITIONAL MARKET WOMEN ON EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING IN THE WORKING AREA OF DELI TUA HEALTH CENTER WORK AREA YEAR 2023

Abstract&#x0D; One of the fundamental steps toward a healthy and productive life is breastfeeding, which is in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) or Sustainable Development Goals 2030 (Bennett et al., 2020). Low rates of exclusive breastfeeding lead to various infant health problems. The North Sumatra Provincial Government has recorded 299 cases of infant mortality until July 2021. Records from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, as many as 31.36% of 37.94% of children are sick, because they do not receive exclusive breastfeeding. The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is currently at 27.67%. The low coverage of exclusive breastfeeding is influenced by various obstacles to optimal breastfeeding, one of the biggest obstacles is working women, especially those who work in the informal sector. The purpose of this study was to determine "The perspective of women informal workers in exclusive breastfeeding in the working area of the Deli Tua Health Center. This research is a qualitative study with a descriptive phenomenological approach. The participants in this study were mothers of traditional market traders as many as 7 participants who were obtained using nonprobality sampling technique with purposive sampling type. The instrument used in this research is an interview guide. In collecting data, this study used the in-depth interview method to collect data. The location of this research is Deli Tua Tax in the working area of the Deli Tua Health Center. The results of the research conducted obtained the results of a description of the factors that influence the perspective of traditional market trader mothers in exclusive breastfeeding, namely knowledge, work, husband support and socio-culture.

Upaya Perubahan Perilaku Dalam Pencegahan Stunting

Stunting has become a global health phenomenon that occurs in several countries around the world. The problem of stunted linear growth during the first 1,000 days of an infant's life has garnered much attention. Many studies have been conducted to eliminate the high prevalence of stunting. The government has decided to overcome this infant health problem by appointing several target. The National Strategy Plans to Accelerate Stunting Prevention have been carried out by prioritising the interventions of sensitive nutrition. Some interventions are being worked on including behaviour change. This intervention is in line with the 5 pillars of stunting prevention: the national campaign and change of behaviour. The behaviour change will be carried out deeply to discover some reasons that motivate the change of behaviour, clean water and latrines sanitation, exclusive breastfeeding, food parenting, health workers, posyandu cadres and stake holders. Behaviour change in a community will encounter many obstacles due to economic, traditional and sociocultural differences. This implicity means that the role of posyandu cadres among the communities is needed. Improving the function and activeness of posyandu cadres is an urgent step that must be taken immediately. Because no matter how many health workers are deployed in the field, they will not be able to get rid of the role of posyandu cadres who daily deal directly with the community and live in it and understand the sociocultural ins and outs of the community in their area of responsibility. Posyandu cadres are also part of an activity that includes many things that affect their performance and activity. The following article is a systematic review to look for behaviour change efforts that should be carried out immediately in the prevention of stunting.

Dried Baby Formula as a Source of Opportunistic Members of Enterobacteriaceae for Infants

For evaluating the prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae in baby formulas, we examined 60 different samples of powdered infant milk formula and milk-cereal based infant formula that is recommended for first-day birth and from 6-month age, respectively, and collected from various supermarkets, shops, and pharmacies. Six (20.0%) and thirteen (43.3%) powdered infant milk formulas and milk-cereal based infant formulas, respectively, were contaminated by different Enterobacteriaceae involved Enterobacter cloacae ssp. cloacae, Pantoea spp., Enterobacter hormaechei, and Raoultella ornithinolytica, which were identified using traditional biochemical tests and the vitek2 compact system. Only five samples of investigating milk-cereal based infant formula type have coliforms count of 4 MPN/g. All species were susceptible to gentamycin, while all were resistant to cephalothin antibiotics. Eventually, 20.0 % of powdered infant milk formula samples were unacceptable referred to Egyptian standards (2072/2006) and most of the comparable international standards. In the study, we proved the contamination of powdered milk baby formula by Enterobacteriaceae, which mainly causes health problems in immature and immunocompromised infants. The dried infant formula factories are more needful for good hygiene and safety systems applications. This study is one of the fewest studies conducted in Egypt to isolate Enterobacteriaceae members from dried foods; especially milk-cereal based infant formula.

Epidemiological Trends of Ocular Injuries in Infants.

Approximately 21,000 consumer product-related ocular injuries occurred in infants in the United States from 2009 to 2019; toys being the most common (12.9%) consumer product in the 1- to 4-month age cohort, detergents in the 5- to 8-month (21.6%) cohort, and chemicals for the 9- to 12-month (34.0%) age cohort. These results identify an important preventable consumer product-related public health problem in infants. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2023;60(4):e41-e44.].

Exome Sequencing Identifies a Novel SGCA Gene Mutation in an Iranian Family with Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy: A Case Report

Introduction: Autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) is a rare congenital muscular dystrophy type. This inherited disease is one of the most common diseases resulting in severe physical health problems for infants. Genetic studies have shown that several gene mutations cause limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. This study aimed to report the case of a 10-year-old boy from an Iranian consanguineous family diagnosed with congenital muscular dystrophy and a causative genetic abnormality. Case Presentation: In this report, whole exome sequencing (WES) followed by Sanger sequencing was performed to diagnose the possible genetic defects in patients with LGMD. A novel homozygous disease-causing SGCA gene mutation (p.A107fs:c.319-329del) was found in exon 10 (NM_000023.4). Both parents were heterozygous for the detected mutation. Conclusions: It was concluded that the identified SGCA gene mutation was a pathogenic variant causing autosomal recessive LGMD.

The Comparative Effect Between Pellets and Porridge Made from Local Ingredients on Body Weight of Rats with Protein-Energy Deficiency

Protein-energy deficiency (PED) is a major infant health problem in developing countries with high mortality rate. Inadequate food intake and infectious diseases are the main factors for PED. In clinical setting, branded foods are commonly used to treat the PED but these foods are expensive. Canna (Canna edulis Ker.), catfish (Pangasius sp.), and red beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) are easily found in Indonesia and rich carbohydrates and protein. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effect between pellets and porridge from canna, catfish, and red beans (GANIME) on the body weight (BW) of rats with PED.Ten male wistar rats, which aged 3 weeks and weighed 50-100 g, were used in this in vivo study. The rats model with PED was made by using the existing method through 40-60% gradual feed restriction for 14 days. Selected rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: G1 was given GANIME pellets and G2 was given GANIME porridge for 14 days. The rat BW each group routinely weighed every 7 days.The average BW of G1 rats was 78,00 ± 15,52 g, which was not significant different from the average BW of G2 rats was 70,50 ± 2,12 g (p= 0,64). In group G1 there was a greater increase than in group G2, namely 12.67 grams.Administration of GANIME pellets increases more body weight in rats with PED, compared to administration of GANIME porridge.

The Role of Infant Health Problems in Constraining Interneighborhood Mobility: Implications for Citywide Employment Networks.

Infant health problems are a persistent concern across the United States, disproportionally affecting socioeconomically vulnerable communities. We investigate how inequalities in infant health contribute to differences in interneighborhood commuting mobility and shape neighborhoods' embeddedness in the citywide structure of employment networks in Chicago over a 14-year period. We use the Census Bureau's Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics' Origin-Destination Employment Statistics to analyze commuting networks between 2002 and 2015. Results from longitudinal network analyses indicate two main patterns. First, after the Great Recession, a community's infant health problems began to significantly predict isolation from the citywide employment network. Second, pairwise dissimilarity in infant health problems predicts a lower likelihood of mobility ties between communities throughout the entire study period. The findings suggest that infant health problems present a fundamental barrier for communities in equally accessing the full range of jobs and opportunities across the city-compounding existing inequalities.

Strategi Seorang Ibu Dalam Merawat Bayi Baru Lahir Di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19 (Studi Kasus Keluarga Ibu Alfiatul Maulidah Desa Grenden Puger Jember)

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on society. Things that need to be considered include maintaining a safe distance (physical distancing), wearing masks, and washing hands frequently with soap and running water. Problems in newborns can be minimized by caring for newborns by a mother or her family, which cannot be separated from the role and support of health workers in improving the ability to care for babies. Newborns (BBL) are very susceptible to infections caused by exposure to viruses and germs during labor and shortly after birth. Inappropriate BBL care can cause health problems in infants and even death. The error was due to the lack of knowledge and low readiness of mothers about infant care, in addition to the activity of the Toddler Posyandu being temporarily postponed during the pandemic, information related to the growth and development of infants and toddlers was less than optimal. The results of activities regarding newborn care during this pandemic show satisfaction from the target families. Mothers who have newborns can understand and understand proper newborn care.

INCREASING KADER KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TODDLER FEEDING PRODUCTS BASED ON HIGH PROTEIN MULTIPURPOSE FLOUR PRODUCTS TO PREVENT TODDLER WASTING IN BULAK DISTRICT, SURABAYA CITY

Wasting is a nutritional problem that is still the focus of attention in the management of health problems in infants and toddlers. The existence of the COVID-19 pandemic has hampered Posyandu service activities for toddlers, so that control over toddler waste has decreased. The role of cadres as the leading pillar in community service, especially with toddlers, is the main focus that needs to be put forward. Increasing the knowledge and skills of cadres is important to improving the quality of service to the community, especially toddlers. This community service aims to increase the role of posyandu cadres in an effort to reduce waste problems through increasing knowledge and developing MP-ASI innovations from high-protein multipurpose flour products. This activity consisted of two methods, namely, TOT (training of trainers) for cadres and mentoring toddler waste by posyandu cadres. Training activities for cadres consist of materials on wasting and prevention efforts as well as training on making MP-ASI based on high-protein multipurpose flour. This community service activity is carried out in the working area of ​​Bulak District with a focus on selected Posyandu with the target of wasting toddlers. The results of this community service activity can be seen in the increase in the knowledge of posyandu cadres in the Bulak District by 16.5% about the problem of toddler wasting. The improvement in the skills of cadres and mothers of toddlers in processing various kinds of toddler food menus based on high-protein multipurpose flour also looks quite good, as evidenced by the success in creating various types of food menus that are directly applied to toddlers. The conclusion in this community service activity is that counseling, training, and assistance provided can increase the knowledge and creativity of posyandu cadres and mothers of toddlers in creating MP-ASI based on high-protein multipurpose flour as an effort to combat wasting.

Concurrent Use of Traditional and Orthodox Modes of Healthcare Services among Out-Patient Nursing Mothers in Ikenne Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria

Every society makes provisions for the health care delivery system for its members, this is intending to provide medical and related services for the maintenance of good health, particularly through the prevention and treatment of diseases. This is in recognition of the pervasive importance of good health upon which life is contingent. Despite the development of more researched and formulated orthodox medicines, herbal medicines continue to be well patronized by persons across the world with some patrons concurrently using both forms, oblivious of the unwelcome effects that may occur. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. For the study, a quantitative approach was used in analyzing the data collected, the population of the study were females between the ages 15-49 with a total of 1081 nursing mothers in Ikenne Local Government Area (LGA), Ogun Nigeria. Sample size determination calculation by Cochran was used to determine the sample size of 190. A multi-stage random sampling, purposive sampling and accidental sampling technique were used to select the respondents. The study revealed that all the social and demographic characteristics of respondents except community had a significant association with respondents’ concurrent usage of herbal and orthodox medicines. It was also observed that 2 in every 10 nursing mothers uses both orthodox and herbal drugs concurrently on their children. The study concluded that 11.05% of respondents concurrently used herbal and orthodox medicines for infant health problems.

Impact of Mobile Technology-Enhanced Follow-Up Program for Mothers with New-Born Babies on Mothers’ Anxiety, Self-Efficacy, and Infant Health

ABSTRACT To explore the effects of mobile technology-enhanced interventions on mothers’ self-efficacy, anxiety, and infant health. Quasi-experimental study. The intervention group (n=30) received mobile technology-enhanced nursing care, whereas the control group (n=30) used the hospital’s routine maintenance services. Mothers’ self-efficacy significantly improved, and anxiety and infant health problems (poor sucking, umbilical cord infection, and skin lesions) significantly decreased (p<0.05) in the intervention group. Mobile technology-enhanced nursing care improved self-efficacy, decreased mothers’ anxiety levels, and reduced infant health problems. Mobile technology-enhanced nursing care can be integrated into clinical practice to improve maternal and infant health.

Creeping Bugs and Winding Rash-Series of Cutaneous Larva Migrans Cases from Southern Suburban Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Cutaneous Larva Migrans (CLM) is caused by penetration of skin by the third stage larvae of hookworms, and most commonly caused by Ancylostoma braziliense (dog hookworm). Humans act as dead-end hosts for this parasite. This series reports six cases of creeping eruptions that occurred on buttocks and back in four infants and on the feet in two toddlers. All the cases clustered after the rainy seasons in the months of December and January. Diagnosis was established based on history and clinical examination. All six children were administered five days of albendazole and they recovered completely. This series is presented to make readers aware of the underestimated public health problem in infants with distinctive skin eruptions of larva migrans occurring in the tropical subcontinent of Indian coastal areas. This is clinically relevant as treatment of this condition is very simple and cost-effective.

Feasible Prediction of Diabetes in Pregnant Woman and Neonatal Mellitus in New Born Child using Machine Learning

Diabetes during pregnancy is a major source of health problems in unborn infants and their moms. Because gestational diabetes can develop to permanent diabetes, ML is an important method for predicting the likelihood of such progression based on the given features. Although the current study may predict lifelong diabetes in pregnant women, it cannot predict the likelihood of neonatal diabetes. As a result, new characteristics are required to improve the forecasting of neonatal mellitus and provide the most accurate and feasible diabetes persistence results in pregnant women. Python scripting and the application of Machine Learning methods such as SVM, KNN, and LR can assist in achieving this aim. The preprocessing ML dataset focusing on Diabetes from the Pima Indian diabetes database collected through Kaggle. In addition, two new attributes were added to the paper’s dataset. According to research, machine learning models using characteristics like SVM and decision trees may successfully predict the risk of diabetes in pregnant women. Various factors have been used to predict the beginning of this condition during pregnancy.